Extensive goat production systems in northern Morocco: production and use of pastoral resources

Grazing is a Mediterranean tradition with an unvaried importance in northern Morocco. Rangeland
has known profound changes, inducing a major gap between pastoral supply and demand. This study aimed to assess pastoral production of pastures at two sites in northern Morocco (Derdara and Loubar) and investigate their use by goats. Concerning biomass production, we used the method of the reference module. The surveys were realized during the biomass evaluation period. Pastoral species, mainly Arbutus unedo, Cistus monspeliensis, Erica arborea, Lavandula stoechas and Pistacia lentiscus, represent the most palatable species selected by goats. Grazing is practised throughout the year except during rainy days when breeders practice ‘cut and carry’ of the branches. The biomass produced was estimated at 1,455 and 333 kg dry matter ha‑1, respectively, in Derdara and Loubar. Significant differences were observed depending on the season and according to sampling sites. Furthermore, the research showed the appearance of degraded areas dominated by annual species together with species of low pastoral interest – thorny plant species that characterize degraded areas. Due to climate changes and overgrazing, pastoral resources will have availability and quality reduced. The reasonable use of pastures, including a reduction in grazing pressure, should be developed to insure their sustainability.