Development of an open-source algorithm based on inertial measurement units (IMU) of a smartphone to detect cattle grass intake and ruminating behaviors
Dairy Cattle; Grass Intake; Behaviors; Inertial Measurement Unit; Open Algorithm
Abstract :
[en] In this paper, an open algorithm was developed for the detection of cattle’s grass intake and rumination activities. This was done using the widely available inertial measurement unit (IMU) from a smartphone, which contains an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer and location sensors signals sampled at 100 Hz. This equipment was mounted on 19 grazing cows of different breeds and daily video sequences were recorded on pasture of different forage allowances. After visually analyzing the cows’ movements on a calibration database, signal combinations were selected and thresholds were determined based on 1-s time windows, since increasing the time window did not increase the accuracy of detection. The final algorithm uses the average value and standard deviation of two signals in a two-step discrimination tree: the gravitational acceleration on x-axis (Gx) expressing the cows’ head movements and the rotation rate on the same x-axis (Rx) expressing jaw movements. Threshold values encompassing 95% of the normalized calibrated data gave the best results. Validation on an independent database resulted in an average detection accuracy of 92% with a better detection for rumination (95%) than for grass intake (91%). The detection algorithm also allows for characterization of the diurnal feeding activities of cattle at pasture. Any user can make further improvements, for data collected at the same way as the iPhone’s IMU has done, since the algorithm codes are open and provided as supplementary data.
Research Center/Unit :
Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège
Disciplines :
Animal production & animal husbandry Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Andriamandroso, Andriamasinoro ; Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Ingénierie des productions animales et nutrition
Lebeau, Frédéric ; Université de Liège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges
Beckers, Yves ; Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Ingénierie des productions animales et nutrition
Froidmont, Eric; Centre Wallon des Recherches Agronomiques (CRA-W) > Productions et secteurs > Unité Nutrition Animale et Durabilité
Dufrasne, Isabelle ; Université de Liège > Département des productions animales (DPA) > Nutrition des animaux domestiques
Heinesch, Bernard ; Université de Liège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges
Dumortier, Pierre ; Université de Liège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Biosystems Dynamics and Exchanges
Blanchy, Guillaume; Lancaster University > Lancaster Environment Center > PhD Student, Associate Lecturer
Blaise, Yannick ; Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Ingénierie des productions animales et nutrition
Bindelle, Jérôme ; Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Ingénierie des productions animales et nutrition
Language :
English
Title :
Development of an open-source algorithm based on inertial measurement units (IMU) of a smartphone to detect cattle grass intake and ruminating behaviors
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