Ponikowski P, Voors A, Anker D, et al.-ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2016. Eur J Heart Fail, 2016, 18, 891-975.
Habal MV, Liu PP, Austin PC, et al.-Association of heart rate at hospital discharge with mortality and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure. Circ Heart Fail, 2014, 7, 12-20.
Komajda M, Follath F, Swedberg K, et al.-The Euro-Heart failure survey programme: a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 2: treatment. Eur Heart J, 2003, 24, 464-74.
Ho J, Larson M, Ghorbani A, et al.-Long-term cardiovascular risks associated with an elevated heart rate: the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Heart Assoc, 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
Palatini P, Benetos A, Julius S.-Impact of increased heart rate on clinical outcomes in hypertension: implications for antihypertensive drug therapy. Drugs, 2006, 66, 133-144.
Diaz A, Bourassa MG, Guertin MC, et al.-Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J, 2005, 26, 967-974.
Laskey K, Alomari I, Cox M et al.-Heart rate at hospital discharge in patients with heart failure is associated with mortality and rehospitalization. J Am Heart Assoc, 2015. [Epub ahead of print].
Opdahl A, Venkatesh BA, Fernandes VRS, et al.-Resting heart rate as predictor for left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure: MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol, 2014, 63, 1182-1189.
Swedberg K, Komajda M, Böhm M, et al.-Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT) : a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet, 2010, 376, 875-885.
DiFrancesco D.-The contribution of the pacemaker current (If) to generation of spontaneous activity in rabbit sino-atrial node myocytes. J Physiol, 1991, 34, 23-40.
Cullington D, Goode KM, Zhang J, et al.-Is heart rate important for patients with heart failure in atrial fibrillation ? JACC Heart Fail, 2014, 2, 213-220.
Eapen ZJ, Greiner MA, Fonarow GC, et al.-Associations between atrial fibrillation and early outcomes of patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Am Heart J, 2014, 167, 369-375.
Khand AU, Rankin AC, Martin W, et al.-Carvedilol alone or in combination with digoxin for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure? J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003, 42, 1944-1951
Kapoor JR, Heidenreich PA. Heart rate predicts mortality in patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function. J Card Fail, 2010, 16, 806-811
Castagno D, Skali H, Takeuchi M, et al.-Association of heart rate and outcomes in a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2012, 59, 1785-1795.
Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, et al.-Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med, 2006, 355, 251-259.
Böhm M, Swedberg K, Komajda M, et al.-Heart rate as a risk factor in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): the association between heart rate and outcomes in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2010, 376, 886-894.
Tomaselli GF, Marban E.-Electrophysiological remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure. Cardiovasc Res, 1999, 42, 270-283
Mulieri A, Hasenfuss G, Leavitt B, et al.-Altered myocardial force-frequency relation in human heart failure. Circulation, 1992, 85, 1743-1750.
Hasenfuss G, Schillinger W, Lehnart SE, et al.-Relationship between Na+-Ca2+-exchanger protein levels and diastolic function of failing human myocardium. Circulation, 1999, 99, 641-648.
Hasenfuss G, Holubarsch H, Hermann P, et al.-Influence of the force-frequency relationship on haemodynamics and left ventricular function in patients with non-failing hearts and in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J, 1994, 15, 164-170.
McMurray J, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al.-The task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J, 2012, 33, 1787-1847.
McAlister FA, Wiebe N, Ezekowitz JA, et al.-Metaanalysis : beta-blocker dose, heart rate reduction, and death in patients with heart failure. Ann Intern Med, 2009, 150, 784-794.
Lechat P, Escolano S, Golmard JL et al.-Prognostic value of bisoprolol-induced hemodynamic effects in heart failure during the Cardiac Insufficiency BIsoprolol Study (CIBIS). Circulation, 1997, 96, 2197-2205.
Metra M, Torp-Pedersen C, Swedberg K, et al.-Influence of heart rate, blood pressure, and beta-blocker dose on outcome and the differences in outcome between carvedilol and metoprolol tartrate in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the COMET trial. Eur Heart J, 2005, 26, 2259-2268.
Lechat P, Hulot JS, Escolano S, Mallet et al.-Heart rate and cardiac rhythm relationships with bisoprolol benefit in chronic heart failure in CIBIS II Trial. Circulation, 2001, 103, 1428-1433.
Flannery G, Gehrig-Mills R, Billah B, et al.-Analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of magnitude of heart rate reduction on clinical outcomes in patients with systolic chronic heart failure receiving beta-blockers. Am J Cardiol, 2008, 101, 865-869.
DiFrancesco D, Borer JS.-The funny current: cellular basis for the control of heart rate. Drugs, 2007, 67, 15-24.
Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al.-Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet, 2008, 372, 807-816.
Gheorghiade M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Colucci WS.-Contemporary use of digoxin in the management of cardiovascular disorders. Circulation, 2006, 113, 2556-2564.
Wang W, Chen JS, Zucker IH.-Carotid sinus baroreceptor sensitivity in experimental heart failure. Circulation, 1990, 81, 1959-1966.
The Digitalis Investigation Group.-The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med, 1997, 336, 525-553.
Stromberg A.-The crucial role of patient education in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail, 2005, 7, 363-369.
Fox K, Steg PG, Tendera M, et al.-Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 2008, 372, 817-821.
Fosbøl EL, Seibaek M, Brendorp B, et al.-Long-term prognostic importance of resting heart rate in patients with left ventricular dysfunction in connection with either heart failure or myocardial infarction: the DIAMOND study. Int J Cardiol, 2010, 140, 279-286.
Zannad F, Konstam MA, Chioncel O et al.-The prognostic significance of heart rate in patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in sinus rhythm. JACC Heart Fail, 2013, 1, 488-496.
Bui AL, Grau-Sepulveda MV, Hernandez AF, et al.-Admission heart rate and in-hospital outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure in sinus rhythm and in atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J, 2013, 165, 567-574.
Lancellotti P, Ancion A, Magne J et al.-Elevated heart rate at 24-36 h after admission and in-hospital mortality in acute in non-arrhythmic heart failure. Int J Cardiol, 2015, 182, 426-430.