Aarts, Bas. In print. Modal patterns over time: Structures and genres. In: Merja Kytö, Irma Taavitsainen, Claudia Claridge and Jeremy Smith (eds.), Corpus linguistics and the development of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bao, Zhiming. 2010. Must in Singapore English. Lingua 120:1727-1737.
Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad and Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Biewer, Carolin. 2009. Modals and semi-modals of obligation and necessity in South Pacific Englishes. Anglistik 20: 41-55.
Byloo, Pieter, Jan Nuyts and Johan van der Auwera. 2010. Beter en best. In: Johan De Caluwe and Jacques Van Keymeulen (eds.), Voor Magda. Artikelen voor Magda Devos bij haar Afscheid van de Universiteit Gent, 93-109. Gent: Academia Press.
Collins, Peter. 2009a. Modals and Quasi-Modals in English. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Collins, Peter. 2009b. Modals and quasi-modals in world Englishes. World Englishes 28: 281-292.
Collins, Peter. 2009c. Modals and quasi-modals. In: Pam Peters, Peter Collins and Adam Smith (eds.), Comparative Studies in Australian and New Zealand English. Grammar and beyond, 73-87. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Declerck, Renaat. 1991. A Comprehensive Grammar of English. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
Denison, David and Alison Cort. 2010. Better as a verb. In: Kristin Davidse, Lieven Vandelanotte and Hubert Cuyckens (eds.), Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization, 349-383. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Deuber, Dagmar. 2010. Modal verb usage and the interface of English and a related creole: A corpus-based study of can/could and will/would in Trinidadian English. Journal of English Linguistics 38: 105-142.
Depraetere, Ilse and Susan Reed. 2006. Mood and modality in English. In: Bas Aarts and April McMahon (eds.), The Handbook of English Linguistics, 269-290. Oxford: Blackwell.
De Smet, Hendrik. 2005. A corpus of Late Modern English Texts. ICAME Journal 29: 69-82.
De Smet, Hendrik. 2008. Diffusional change in the English system of complementation: gerunds, participles and for.. to-infinitives. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Leuven.
Dollinger, Stefan. 2008. New Dialect Formation in Canada. Evidence from the English Modal Auxiliaries. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Goldberg, Adele and Johan van der Auwera. 2012. This is to count as a construction. Folia Linguistica 46: 109-132.
Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum. 2002. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jacobsson, Bengt. 1980. On the syntax and semantics of the modal auxiliary had better. Studia Neophilologica 52: 47-53.
Krug, Manfred. 2000. Emerging English Modals: A Corpus-based Study of Grammaticalization. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Leech, Geoffrey N. 2003. Modality on the move: The English modal auxiliaries 1961-1992. In: Roberta Facchinetti, Manfred Krug and Frank R. Palmer (eds.), Modality in Contemporary English, 223-240. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Leech, Geoffrey, Marianne Hundt, Christian Mair and Nicholas Smith. 2009. Change in Comtemporary English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Loureiro-Porto, Lucía. 2009. The Semantic Predecesors of need in the History of English (c750-1710). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. [Revision of 2005 Ph. D. dissertation]
Loureiro-Porto, Lucía. 2010. Verbonominal constructions of necessity with pearf n. and need n.: competition and grammaticalization from OE to eModE. English Language and Linguistics 14: 373-397.
Millar, Neil. 2009. Modal verbs in TIME. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 14:191-220.
Mitchell, Keith. 2003. Had better and might as well: On the margins of modality. In: Roberta Facchinetti, Frank Palmer and Manfred Krug (eds.), Modality in Contemporary English, 131-149. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mortelmans, Tanja, Kasper Boye and Johan van der Auwera. 2009. Modals in the Germanic languages. In: Bjoern Hansen and Ferdinand De Haan (eds.), Modals in the Languages of Europe. A Reference Work, 11-69. Berlin: Mouton.
Mortelmans, Tanja and Jeroen Vanderbiesen. 2010. Grammaticalization and (inter)subjectificaion: Comparative Modal Constructions in English, (Dutch) and German. Paper presented at the Conference on Grammaticalization and (Inter)Subjectifícation, Brussels.
Noël, Dirk and Johan van der Auwera. 2009. Revisiting "be supposed to" from a diachronic constructionist perspective. English Studies 90: 599-623.
Nokkonen, Soili. 2006. The semantic variation of NEED TO in four recent British English corpora. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11: 29-71.
Palmer, Frank R. 1965. A Linguistic Study of the English Verb. London: Longman.
Palmer, Frank R. 1979. Modality and the English Modals, 1st edition. London: Longman.
Palmer, Frank R. 1990. Modality and the English Modals, 2nd edition. London: Longman.
Patard, Adeline. 2011. Valoir mieux, faire mieux, falloir mieux. Modal comparative constructions in French. Paper presented at the Conference on Grammaticalization and (Inter)Subjectifícation, Brussels.
Pedersen, Ted. 1996. Fishing for exactness. Proceedings of the South Central SAS(c) User Group 96: 188-200.
Perkins, Michael R. 1983. Modal Expressions in English. London: Frances Pinter.
Poutsma, Hendrik. 1928. A Grammar of Late Modern English. Part 1. The Sentence. First Half. The Elements of the Sentence. Groningen: Noordhoff.
Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
Stefanowitsch, Anatol and Stefan T. Gries. 2003. Collostructions: Investigating the interaction of words and constructions. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 8(2): 209-243.
Sturtevant, Edgar H. 1947. An Introduction to Linguistic Science. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Taeymans, Martine. 2006. An investigation into the emergence and development of the verb need from Old to Present-Day English: A corpus-based approach. PhD dissertation, University of Antwerp.
van der Auwera, Johan and Astrid De Wit. 2010. The English comparative modals - A pilot study. In: Bert Cappelle and Naoki Waka (eds.), Distinctions in English Grammar, Offered to Renaat Declerck, 127-147. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
van der Auwera, Johan, Dirk Noël and Astrid De Wit. 2012. The diverging need (to)'s of Asian Englishes. Marianne Hundt and Ulrike Gut (eds.), Mapping Unity and Diversity of New Englishes World-Wide. 55-76. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
van der Auwera, Johan and Vladimir Plungian. 1998. Modality's semantic map. Linguistic Typology 2: 79-124.
van der Auwera, Johan and Martine Taeymans. 2009. The need modals and their polarity. In: Rhonwen Bowen, Mats Mobärg and Sölve Ohlander (eds.), Corpora and Discourse - and Stuff. Papers in Honour of Karin Aijmer, 317-326. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.
Vanderbiesen, Jeroen. 2011. Welches Outfit sollte man am besten anziehen? A corpus study of comparative modal constructions in German. Master thesis, University of Leuven.
Vanderbiesen, Jeroen and Tanja Mortelmans. 2011. Welches Outfit sollte man am besten anziehen? Eine Korpusstudie komparativer Modalkonstruktionen im Deutschen. Germanistische Mitteilungen: 65-85.
Van Linden, An, Kristin Davidse and Lot Brems. 2011. Verbonominal expressions with need: the interaction between negation and modality. Presentation at the International Conference of Historical Linguistics 20. University of Osaka, 25-30 July 2011.
Van Linden, An. 2012. Modal Adjectives: English Deontic and Evaluative Constructions in Diachrony and Synchrony. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Visser, Frederikus Th. 1969. An Historical Syntax of the English Language. Part three. First Half. Syntactical Units with two Verbs. Leiden: Brill.
Westney, Paul. 1995. Modals and Periphrastics in English: An Investigation into the Semantic Correspondence between Certain English Modal Verbs and their Periphrastic Equivalents. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
BNC = The BNC Consortium. 1994. British National Corpus, Oxford University, Oxford.
Brown = Kucera, Henry and W. Nelson Francis, compilers. 1961. Brown University Standard Corpus of American English, Brown University, Providence RI.
CLMETEV = De Smet, Hendrik, compiler. 2005, 2008. Corpus of Late Modern English Texts - Extended Version, University of Leuven, Leuven.
COCA = Davies, Mark, compiler (n.d.) Corpus of Contemporary American English, Brigham Young University, Provo UT.
FLOB = Mair, Christian, compiler. 1997. Freiburg/LOB Corpus of British English, University of Freiburg, Freiburg.
Frown = Mair, Christian, compiler. 1999. Freiburg-Brown Corpus of American English. University of Freiburg, Freiburg.
LOB = Leech, Geoffrey N., Stig Johansson and Knut Hofland, compilers. 1978. Lancaster/Oslo-Bergen Corpus, Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities, Bergen. http://longmanusahome.com/dictionaries/corpus.php, accessed on September 4, 2011.
