2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: The Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Zamorano, Jose Luis; Lancellotti, Patrizio; Rodriguez Munoz, Danielet al.
2017 • In European Journal of Heart Failure, 19 (1), p. 9-42
European Society of Cardiology; arrhythmias; cancer therapy; cardio-oncology; cardiotoxicity; chemotherapy; early detection; ischaemia; myocardial dysfunction; surveillance
Disciplines :
Cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Author, co-author :
Zamorano, Jose Luis
Lancellotti, Patrizio ; Université de Liège > Département des sciences cliniques > Imagerie cardiaque fonctionnelle par échographie
Rodriguez Munoz, Daniel
Aboyans, Victor
Asteggiano, Riccardo
Galderisi, Maurizio
Habib, Gilbert
Lenihan, Daniel J.
Lip, Gregory Y. H.
Lyon, Alexander R.
Lopez Fernandez, Teresa
Mohty, Dania
Piepoli, Massimo F.
Tamargo, Juan
Torbicki, Adam
Suter, Thomas M.
Zamorano, Jose Luis
Aboyans, Victor
Achenbach, Stephan
Agewall, Stefan
Badimon, Lina
Baron-Esquivias, Gonzalo
Baumgartner, Helmut
Bax, Jeroen J.
Bueno, Hector
Carerj, Scipione
Dean, Veronica
Erol, Cetin
Fitzsimons, Donna
Gaemperli, Oliver
Kirchhof, Paulus
Kolh, Philippe ; Université de Liège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie générales, humaines et path.
2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: The Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Publication date :
2017
Journal title :
European Journal of Heart Failure
ISSN :
1388-9842
eISSN :
1879-0844
Publisher :
Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, United States - New Jersey
FerlayJ, Steliarova-FoucherE, Lortet-TieulentJ, RossoS, CoeberghJW, ComberH, FormanD, BrayF. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:1374–1403.
SiegelR, DeSantisC, VirgoK, SteinK, MariottoA, SmithT, CooperD, GanslerT, LerroC, FedewaS, LinC, LeachC, CannadyRS, ChoH, ScoppaS, HacheyM, KirchR, JemalA, WardE. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62:220–241.
EwerMS, EwerSM. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatments. Nat Rev Cardiol 2015;12:620.
ArmstrongGT, OeffingerKC, ChenY, KawashimaT, YasuiY, LeisenringW, StovallM, ChowEJ, SklarCA, MulrooneyDA, MertensAC, BorderW, DurandJB, RobisonLL, MeachamLR. Modifiable risk factors and major cardiac events among adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3673–3680.
SuterTM, EwerMS. Cancer drugs and the heart: importance and management. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1102–1111.
KhouriMG, DouglasPS, MackeyJR, MartinM, ScottJM, Scherrer-CrosbieM, JonesLW. Cancer therapy-induced cardiac toxicity in early breast cancer: addressing the unresolved issues. Circulation 2012;126:2749–2763.
OeffingerKC, MertensAC, SklarCA, KawashimaT, HudsonMM, MeadowsAT, FriedmanDL, MarinaN, HobbieW, Kadan-LottickNS, SchwartzCL, LeisenringW, RobisonLL, Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Chronic health conditions in adult survivors of childhood cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:1572–1582.
LimatS, DaguindauE, CahnJY, NerichV, BrionA, PerrinS, Woronoff-LemsiMC, DeconinckE. Incidence and risk-factors of CHOP/R-CHOP-related cardiotoxicity in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014;39:168–174.
HallPS, HarshmanLC, SrinivasS, WittelesRM. The frequency and severity of cardiovascular toxicity from targeted therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients. JACC Heart Fail 2013;1:72–78.
SwainSM, WhaleyFS, EwerMS. Congestive heart failure in patients treated with doxorubicin: a retrospective analysis of three trials. Cancer 2003;97:2869–2879.
YehET, BickfordCL. Cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy: incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:2231–2247.
TodaroMC, OretoL, QamarR, PaterickTE, CarerjS, KhandheriaBK. Cardioncology: state of the heart. Int J Cardiol 2013;168:680–687.
HerrmannJ, LermanA, SandhuNP, VillarragaHR, MulvaghSL, KohliM. Evaluation and management of patients with heart disease and cancer: cardio-oncology. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:1287–1306.
TruongJ, YanAT, CramarossaG, ChanKK. Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: detection, prevention, and management. Can J Cardiol 2014;30:869–878.
SvobodaM, PoprachA, DobesS, KissI, VyzulaR. Cardiac toxicity of targeted therapies used in the treatment for solid tumours: a review. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012;12:191–207.
BhaveM, AkhterN, RosenST. Cardiovascular toxicity of biologic agents for cancer therapy. Oncology (Williston Park) 2014;28:482–490.
CuriglianoG, MayerEL, BursteinHJ, WinerEP, GoldhirschA. Cardiac toxicity from systemic cancer therapy: a comprehensive review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;53:94–104.
MonsuezJJ, CharniotJC, VignatN, ArtigouJY. Cardiac side-effects of cancer chemotherapy. Int J Cardiol 2010;144:3–15.
SenkusE, JassemJ. Cardiovascular effects of systemic cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2011;37:300–311.
PerezEA, KoehlerM, ByrneJ, PrestonAJ, RappoldE, EwerMS. Cardiac safety of lapatinib: pooled analysis of 3689 patients enrolled in clinical trials. Mayo Clin Proc 2008;83:679–686.
RybergM, NielsenD, CorteseG, NielsenG, SkovsgaardT, AndersenPK. New insight into epirubicin cardiac toxicity: competing risks analysis of 1097 breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:1058–1067.
Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 2005;365:1687–1717.
HershmanDL, McBrideRB, EisenbergerA, TsaiWY, GrannVR, JacobsonJS. Doxorubicin, cardiac risk factors, and cardiac toxicity in elderly patients with diffuse B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:3159–3165.
FelkerGM, ThompsonRE, HareJM, HrubanRH, ClemetsonDE, HowardDL, BaughmanKL, KasperEK. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1077–1084.
BristowMR, ThompsonPD, MartinRP, MasonJW, BillinghamME, HarrisonDC. Early anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Am J Med 1978;65:823–832.
DoroshowJH. Anthracycline antibiotic-stimulated superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical production by NADH dehydrogenase. Cancer Res 1983;43:4543–4551.
ZhangS, LiuX, Bawa-KhalfeT, LuLS, LyuYL, LiuLF, YehET. Identification of the molecular basis of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Nat Med 2012;18:1639–1642.
ShanK, LincoffAM, YoungJB. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Ann Intern Med 1996;125:47–58.
FrancoVI, LipshultzSE. Cardiac complications in childhood cancer survivors treated with anthracyclines. Cardiol Young 2015;25 (Suppl 2):107–116.
DraftsBC, TwomleyKM, D'AgostinoR Jr, LawrenceJ, AvisN, EllisLR, ThohanV, JordanJ, MelinSA, TortiFM, LittleWC, HamiltonCA, HundleyWG. Low to moderate dose anthracycline-based chemotherapy is associated with early noninvasive imaging evidence of subclinical cardiovascular disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:877–885.
SawyerDB, PengX, ChenB, PentassugliaL, LimCC. Mechanisms of anthracycline cardiac injury: can we identify strategies for cardioprotection? Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;53:105–113.
VejpongsaP, YehET. Prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: challenges and opportunities. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:938–945.
SteinherzLJ, SteinherzPG, TanCT, HellerG, MurphyML. Cardiac toxicity 4 to 20 years after completing anthracycline therapy. JAMA 1991;266:1672–1677.
Von HoffDD, LayardMW, BasaP, DavisHL Jr, Von HoffAL, RozencweigM, MuggiaFM. Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med 1979;91:710–717.
CardinaleD, ColomboA, BacchianiG, TedeschiI, MeroniCA, VegliaF, CivelliM, LamantiaG, ColomboN, CuriglianoG, FiorentiniC, CipollaCM. Early detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and improvement with heart failure therapy. Circulation 2015;131:1981–1988.
EschenhagenT, ForceT, EwerMS, de KeulenaerGW, SuterTM, AnkerSD, AvkiranM, de AzambujaE, BalligandJL, BrutsaertDL, CondorelliG, HansenA, HeymansS, HillJA, HirschE, Hilfiker-KleinerD, JanssensS, de JongS, NeubauerG, PieskeB, PonikowskiP, PirmohamedM, RauchhausM, SawyerD, SugdenPH, WojtaJ, ZannadF, ShahAM. Cardiovascular side effects of cancer therapies: a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2011;13:1–10.
CardinaleD, ColomboA, LamantiaG, ColomboN, CivelliM, De GiacomiG, RubinoM, VegliaF, FiorentiniC, CipollaCM. Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: clinical relevance and response to pharmacologic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:213–220.
ChowEJ, ChenY, KremerLC, BreslowNE, HudsonMM, ArmstrongGT, BorderWL, FeijenEA, GreenDM, MeachamLR, MeeskeKA, MulrooneyDA, NessKK, OeffingerKC, SklarCA, StovallM, van der PalHJ, WeathersRE, RobisonLL, YasuiY. Individual prediction of heart failure among childhood cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:394–402.
BravermanAC, AntinJH, PlappertMT, CookEF, LeeRT. Cyclophosphamide cardiotoxicity in bone marrow transplantation: a prospective evaluation of new dosing regimens. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:1215–1223.
GottdienerJS, AppelbaumFR, FerransVJ, DeisserothA, ZieglerJ. Cardiotoxicity associated with high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:758–763.
GollerkeriA, HarroldL, RoseM, JainD, BurtnessBA. Use of paclitaxel in patients with pre-existing cardiomyopathy: a review of our experience. Int J Cancer 2001;93:139–141.
MojaL, TagliabueL, BalduzziS, ParmelliE, PistottiV, GuarneriV, D'AmicoR. Trastuzumab containing regimens for early breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;4:CD006243.
SlamonDJ, Leyland-JonesB, ShakS, FuchsH, PatonV, BajamondeA, FlemingT, EiermannW, WolterJ, PegramM, BaselgaJ, NortonL. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med 2001;344:783–792.
ShahMA. Update on metastatic gastric and esophageal cancers. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:1760–1769.
BowlesEJ, WellmanR, FeigelsonHS, OnitiloAA, FreedmanAN, DelateT, AllenLA, NekhlyudovL, GoddardKA, DavisRL, HabelLA, YoodMU, McCartyC, MagidDJ, WagnerEH, Pharmacovigilance Study Team. Risk of heart failure in breast cancer patients after anthracycline and trastuzumab treatment: a retrospective cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:1293–1305.
GoldhirschA, GelberRD, Piccart-GebhartMJ, de AzambujaE, ProcterM, SuterTM, JackischC, CameronD, WeberHA, HeinzmannD, Dal LagoL, McFaddenE, DowsettM, UntchM, GianniL, BellR, KohneCH, VindevoghelA, AnderssonM, BruntAM, Otero-ReyesD, SongS, SmithI, Leyland-JonesB, BaselgaJ, Herceptin Adjuvant Trial Study Team. 2 years versus 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer (HERA): an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2013;382:1021–1028.
de AzambujaE, ProcterMJ, van VeldhuisenDJ, Agbor-TarhD, Metzger-FilhoO, SteinseiferJ, UntchM, SmithIE, GianniL, BaselgaJ, JackischC, CameronDA, BellR, Leyland-JonesB, DowsettM, GelberRD, Piccart-GebhartMJ, SuterTM. Trastuzumab-associated cardiac events at 8 years of median follow-up in the Herceptin Adjuvant trial (BIG 1-01). J Clin Oncol 2014;32:2159–2165.
RomondEH, JeongJH, RastogiP, SwainSM, GeyerCE Jr, EwerMS, RathiV, FehrenbacherL, BrufskyA, AzarCA, FlynnPJ, ZapasJL, PolikoffJ, GrossHM, BiggsDD, AtkinsJN, Tan-ChiuE, ZhengP, YothersG, MamounasEP, WolmarkN. Seven-year follow-up assessment of cardiac function in NSABP B-31, a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel (ACP) with ACP plus trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy for patients with node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3792–3799.
CoteGM, SawyerDB, ChabnerBA. ERBB2 inhibition and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2150–2153.
EwerMS, LippmanSM. Type II chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction: time to recognize a new entity. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:2900–2902.
de AzambujaE, BedardPL, SuterT, Piccart-GebhartM. Cardiac toxicity with anti-HER-2 therapies: what have we learned so far? Target Oncol 2009;4:77–88.
YuAF, YadavNU, LungBY, EatonAA, ThalerHT, HudisCA, DangCT, SteingartRM. Trastuzumab interruption and treatment-induced cardiotoxicity in early HER2-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015;149:489–495.
Piccart-GebhartM, HolmesE, BaselgaJ, de AzambujaE, DueckAC, VialeG, ZujewskiJA, GoldhirschA, ArmourA, PritchardKI, McCulloughAE, DolciS, McFaddenE, HolmesAP, TonghuaL, EidtmannH, DinhP, Di CosimoS, HarbeckN, TjulandinS, ImYH, HuangCS, DierasV, HillmanDW, WolffAC, JackischC, LangI, UntchM, SmithI, BoyleF, XuB, GomezH, SuterT, GelberRD, PerezEA. Adjuvant lapatinib and trastuzumab for early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: results from the randomized phase III Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization trial. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:1034–1042.
KropIE, SuterTM, DangCT, DirixL, RomieuG, ZamagniC, CitronML, CamponeM, XuN, SmittM, GianniL. Feasibility and cardiac safety of trastuzumab emtansine after anthracycline-based chemotherapy as (neo)adjuvant therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:1136–1142.
LenihanD, SuterT, BrammerM, NeateC, RossG, BaselgaJ. Pooled analysis of cardiac safety in patients with cancer treated with pertuzumab. Ann Oncol 2012;23:791–800.
CameronD, BrownJ, DentR, JackischC, MackeyJ, PivotX, StegerGG, SuterTM, ToiM, ParmarM, LaeufleR, ImYH, RomieuG, HarveyV, LipatovO, PienkowskiT, CottuP, ChanA, ImSA, HallPS, Bubuteishvili-PacaudL, HenschelV, DeurlooRJ, PallaudC, BellR. Adjuvant bevacizumab-containing therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BEATRICE): primary results of a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:933–942.
MotzerRJ, HutsonTE, CellaD, ReevesJ, HawkinsR, GuoJ, NathanP, StaehlerM, de SouzaP, MerchanJR, BoletiE, FifeK, JinJ, JonesR, UemuraH, De GiorgiU, HarmenbergU, WangJ, SternbergCN, DeenK, McCannL, HackshawMD, CrescenzoR, PanditeLN, ChoueiriTK. Pazopanib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2013;369:722–731.
MotzerRJ, EscudierB, TomczakP, HutsonTE, MichaelsonMD, NegrierS, OudardS, GoreME, TaraziJ, HariharanS, ChenC, RosbrookB, KimS, RiniBI. Axitinib versus sorafenib as second-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: overall survival analysis and updated results from a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:552–562.
EwerMS, SuterTM, LenihanDJ, NiculescuL, BreaznaA, DemetriGD, MotzerRJ. Cardiovascular events among 1090 cancer patients treated with sunitinib, interferon, or placebo: a comprehensive adjudicated database analysis demonstrating clinically meaningful reversibility of cardiac events. Eur J Cancer 2014;50:2162–2170.
ForceT, KrauseDS, Van EttenRA. Molecular mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibition. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7:332–344.
ShelburneN, AdhikariB, BrellJ, DavisM, Desvigne-NickensP, FreedmanA, MinasianL, ForceT, RemickSC. Cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicity: current state of knowledge and future research priorities. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014;106.
WilkeH, MuroK, Van CutsemE, OhSC, BodokyG, ShimadaY, HironakaS, SugimotoN, LipatovO, KimTY, CunninghamD, RougierP, KomatsuY, AjaniJ, EmigM, CarlesiR, FerryD, ChandrawansaK, SchwartzJD, OhtsuA, RAINBOW Study Group. Ramucirumab plus paclitaxel versus placebo plus paclitaxel in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW): a double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:1224–1235.
GaronEB, CiuleanuTE, ArrietaO, PrabhashK, SyrigosKN, GokselT, ParkK, GorbunovaV, KowalyszynRD, PikielJ, CzyzewiczG, OrlovSV, LewanskiCR, ThomasM, BidoliP, DakhilS, GansS, KimJH, GrigorescuA, KarasevaN, ReckM, CappuzzoF, AlexandrisE, SashegyiA, YurasovS, PerolM. Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel for second-line treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy (REVEL): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014;384:665–673.
VerweijJ, CasaliPG, KotasekD, Le CesneA, ReichardP, JudsonIR, IsselsR, van OosteromAT, Van GlabbekeM, BlayJY. Imatinib does not induce cardiac left ventricular failure in gastrointestinal stromal tumours patients: analysis of EORTC-ISG-AGITG study 62005. Eur J Cancer 2007;43:974–978.
ValentP, HadzijusufovicE, SchernthanerGH, WolfD, ReaD, le CoutreP. Vascular safety issues in CML patients treated with BCR/ABL1 kinase inhibitors. Blood 2015;125:901–906.
GroarkeJD, ChengS, MoslehiJ. Cancer-drug discovery and cardiovascular surveillance. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1779–1781.
WillisMS, PattersonC. Proteotoxicity and cardiac dysfunction—Alzheimer's disease of the heart? N Engl J Med 2013;368:455–464.
RussellSD, LyonA, LenihanDJ, MoreauP, JoshuaD, ChngW-J, PalumboA, GoldschmidtH, HájekR, FaconT, LudwigH, PourL, NiesvizkyR, OriolA, RosiñolL, SuvorovA, GaidanoG, Goranova-MarinovaV, GillenwaterHH, MohamedN, FengS, DimopoulosMA. Serial echocardiographic assessment of patients (pts) with relapsed multiple myeloma (RMM) receiving carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Kd) vs bortezomib and dexamethasone (Vd): a substudy of the phase 3 Endeavor Trial (NCT01568866). Blood 2015;126:abstract 4250.
LendvaiN, DevlinS, PatelM, KnappKM, EkmanD, GrundbergI, ChungDJ, HassounH, KoehneG, LesokhinAM, LandauH, GiraltSA, KordeNS, LandgrenO. Biomarkers of cardiotoxicity among multiple myeloma patients subsequently treated with proteasome inhibitor therapy. Blood 2015;126:abstract 4257.
JaworskiC, MarianiJA, WheelerG, KayeDM. Cardiac complications of thoracic irradiation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2319–2328.
AlemanBM, van den Belt-DuseboutAW, De BruinML, van 't VeerMB, BaaijensMH, de BoerJP, HartAA, KlokmanWJ, KuenenMA, OuwensGM, BartelinkH, van LeeuwenFE. Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2007;109:1878–1886.
HooningMJ, BotmaA, AlemanBM, BaaijensMH, BartelinkH, KlijnJG, TaylorCW, van LeeuwenFE. Long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in 10-year survivors of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:365–375.
ArmstrongGT, JoshiVM, NessKK, MarwickTH, ZhangN, SrivastavaD, GriffinBP, GrimmRA, ThomasJ, PhelanD, CollierP, KrullKR, MulrooneyDA, GreenDM, HudsonMM, RobisonLL, PlanaJC. Comprehensive echocardiographic detection of treatment-related cardiac dysfunction in adult survivors of childhood cancer: results from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2511–2522.
EzazG, LongJB, GrossCP, ChenJ. Risk prediction model for heart failure and cardiomyopathy after adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for breast cancer. J Am Heart Assoc 2014;3:e000472.
PlanaJC, GalderisiM, BaracA, EwerMS, KyB, Scherrer-CrosbieM, GanameJ, SebagIA, AglerDA, BadanoLP, BanchsJ, CardinaleD, CarverJ, CerqueiraM, DeCaraJM, EdvardsenT, FlammSD, ForceT, GriffinBP, JerusalemG, LiuJE, MagalhaesA, MarwickT, SanchezLY, SicariR, VillarragaHR, LancellottiP. Expert consensus for multimodality imaging evaluation of adult patients during and after cancer therapy: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:1063–1093.
CardinaleD, SandriMT. Role of biomarkers in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;53:121–129.
CuriglianoG, CardinaleD, SuterT, PlataniotisG, de AzambujaE, SandriMT, CriscitielloC, GoldhirschA, CipollaC, RoilaF, ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Cardiovascular toxicity induced by chemotherapy, targeted agents and radiotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol 2012;23(Suppl 7):vii155–vii166.
CardinaleD, ColomboA, TorrisiR, SandriMT, CivelliM, SalvaticiM, LamantiaG, ColomboN, CortinovisS, DessanaiMA, NoleF, VegliaF, CipollaCM. Trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: clinical and prognostic implications of troponin I evaluation. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3910–3916.
KyB, PuttM, SawayaH, FrenchB, JanuzziJL Jr, SebagIA, PlanaJC, CohenV, BanchsJ, CarverJR, WiegersSE, MartinRP, PicardMH, GersztenRE, HalpernEF, PasseriJ, KuterI, Scherrer-CrosbieM. Early increases in multiple biomarkers predict subsequent cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with doxorubicin, taxanes, and trastuzumab. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:809–816.
ThavendiranathanP, PoulinF, LimKD, PlanaJC, WooA, MarwickTH. Use of myocardial strain imaging by echocardiography for the early detection of cardiotoxicity in patients during and after cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2751–2768.
LipshultzSE, AdamsMJ, ColanSD, ConstineLS, HermanEH, HsuDT, HudsonMM, KremerLC, LandyDC, MillerTL, OeffingerKC, RosenthalDN, SableCA, SallanSE, SinghGK, SteinbergerJ, CochranTR, WilkinsonJD, American Heart Association Congenital Heart Defects Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Nutrition Physical Activity and Metabolism. Long-term cardiovascular toxicity in children, adolescents, and young adults who receive cancer therapy: pathophysiology, course, monitoring, management, prevention, and research directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013;128:1927–1995.
ArmenianSH, HudsonMM, MulderRL, ChenMH, ConstineLS, DwyerM, NathanPC, TissingWJ, ShankarS, SieswerdaE, SkinnerR, SteinbergerJ, van DalenEC, van der PalH, WallaceWH, LevittG, KremerLC, International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Recommendations for cardiomyopathy surveillance for survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e123–136.
ArmstrongGT, PlanaJC, ZhangN, SrivastavaD, GreenDM, NessKK, Daniel DonovanF, MetzgerML, ArevaloA, DurandJB, JoshiV, HudsonMM, RobisonLL, FlammSD. Screening adult survivors of childhood cancer for cardiomyopathy: comparison of echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:2876–2884.
EwerMS. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: clinical aspects, recognition, monitoring, treatment, and prevention. In: EwerMS, YehET, eds. Cancer and the Heart. Shelton, CT, USA: People's Medical Publishing House; 2013, 11–41.
LancellottiP, NkomoVT, BadanoLP, Bergler-KleinJ, BogaertJ, DavinL, CosynsB, CouckeP, DulgheruR, EdvardsenT, GaemperliO, GalderisiM, GriffinB, HeidenreichPA, NiemanK, PlanaJC, PortSC, Scherrer-CrosbieM, SchwartzRG, SebagIA, VoigtJU, WannS, YangPC, European Society of Cardiology Working Groups on Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac Computed Tomography and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Expert consensus for multi-modality imaging evaluation of cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy in adults: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:721–740.
PinderMC, DuanZ, GoodwinJS, HortobagyiGN, GiordanoSH. Congestive heart failure in older women treated with adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3808–3815.
LangRM, BadanoLP, Mor-AviV, AfilaloJ, ArmstrongA, ErnandeL, FlachskampfFA, FosterE, GoldsteinSA, KuznetsovaT, LancellottiP, MuraruD, PicardMH, RietzschelER, RudskiL, SpencerKT, TsangW, VoigtJU. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:1–39.e14.
HeringD, FaberL, HorstkotteD. Echocardiographic features of radiation-associated valvular disease. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:226–230.
HullMC, MorrisCG, PepineCJ, MendenhallNP. Valvular dysfunction and carotid, subclavian, and coronary artery disease in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma treated with radiation therapy. JAMA 2003;290:2831–2837.
ThavendiranathanP, GrantAD, NegishiT, PlanaJC, PopovicZB, MarwickTH. Reproducibility of echocardiographic techniques for sequential assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes: application to patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:77–84.
SawayaH, SebagIA, PlanaJC, JanuzziJL, KyB, TanTC, CohenV, BanchsJ, CarverJR, WiegersSE, MartinRP, PicardMH, GersztenRE, HalpernEF, PasseriJ, KuterI, Scherrer-CrosbieM. Assessment of echocardiography and biomarkers for the extended prediction of cardiotoxicity in patients treated with anthracyclines, taxanes, and trastuzumab. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;5:596–603.
NegishiK, NegishiT, HareJL, HaluskaBA, PlanaJC, MarwickTH. Independent and incremental value of deformation indices for prediction of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013;26:493–498.
VoigtJU, PedrizzettiG, LysyanskyP, MarwickTH, HouleH, BaumannR, PedriS, ItoY, AbeY, MetzS, SongJH, HamiltonJ, SenguptaPP, KoliasTJ, d'HoogeJ, AurigemmaGP, ThomasJD, BadanoLP. Definitions for a common standard for 2D speckle tracking echocardiography: consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:1–11.
GottdienerJS, MathisenDJ, BorerJS, BonowRO, MyersCE, BarrLH, SchwartzDE, BacharachSL, GreenMV, RosenbergSA. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: assessment of late left ventricular dysfunction by radionuclide cineangiography. Ann Intern Med 1981;94:430–435.
BellengerNG, BurgessMI, RaySG, LahiriA, CoatsAJ, ClelandJG, PennellDJ. Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance; are they interchangeable? Eur Heart J 2000;21:1387–1396.
SchwartzRG, JainD, StorozynskyE. Traditional and novel methods to assess and prevent chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction noninvasively. J Nucl Cardiol 2013;20:443–464.
ThavendiranathanP, WinterspergerBJ, FlammSD, MarwickTH. Cardiac MRI in the assessment of cardiac injury and toxicity from cancer chemotherapy: a systematic review. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:1080–1091.
PenugondaN. Cardiac MRI in infiltrative disorders: a concise review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2010;6:134–136.
GulatiA, JabbourA, IsmailTF, GuhaK, KhwajaJ, RazaS, MorarjiK, BrownTD, IsmailNA, DweckMR, Di PietroE, RoughtonM, WageR, DaryaniY, O'HanlonR, SheppardMN, AlpenduradaF, LyonAR, CookSA, CowieMR, AssomullRG, PennellDJ, PrasadSK. Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. JAMA 2013;309:896–908.
KyB, CarverJR. Biomarker approach to the detection and cardioprotective strategies during anthracycline chemotherapy. Heart Fail Clin 2011;7:323–331.
CardinaleD, SandriMT, MartinoniA, TriccaA, CivelliM, LamantiaG, CinieriS, MartinelliG, CipollaCM, FiorentiniC. Left ventricular dysfunction predicted by early troponin I release after high-dose chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:517–522.
CardinaleD, SandriMT, ColomboA, ColomboN, BoeriM, LamantiaG, CivelliM, PeccatoriF, MartinelliG, FiorentiniC, CipollaCM. Prognostic value of troponin I in cardiac risk stratification of cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy. Circulation 2004;109:2749–2754.
LedwidgeM, GallagherJ, ConlonC, TallonE, O'ConnellE, DawkinsI, WatsonC, O'HanlonR, BerminghamM, PatleA, BadabhagniMR, MurtaghG, VoonV, TilsonL, BarryM, McDonaldL, MaurerB, McDonaldK. Natriuretic peptide-based screening and collaborative care for heart failure: the STOP-HF randomized trial. JAMA 2013;310:66–74.
ThakurA, WittelesRM. Cancer therapy-induced left ventricular dysfunction: interventions and prognosis. J Card Fail 2014;20:155–158.
PolkA, VistisenK, Vaage-NilsenM, NielsenDL. A systematic review of the pathophysiology of 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2014;15:47.
CopurMS, ObermillerA. An algorithm for the management of hypertension in the setting of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling inhibition. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2011;10:151–156.
FrickhofenN, BeckFJ, JungB, FuhrHG, AndraschH, SigmundM. Capecitabine can induce acute coronary syndrome similar to 5-fluorouracil. Ann Oncol 2002;13:797–801.
KosmasC, KallistratosMS, KopteridesP, SyriosJ, SkopelitisH, MylonakisN, KarabelisA, TsavarisN. Cardiotoxicity of fluoropyrimidines in different schedules of administration: a prospective study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008;134:75–82.
MooreRA, AdelN, RiedelE, BhutaniM, FeldmanDR, TabbaraNE, SoffG, ParameswaranR, HassounH. High incidence of thromboembolic events in patients treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a large retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3466–3473.
HaugnesHS, WethalT, AassN, DahlO, KleppO, LangbergCW, WilsgaardT, BremnesRM, FossaSD. Cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity in long-term survivors of testicular cancer: a 20-year follow-up study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:4649–4657.
HuddartRA, NormanA, ShahidiM, HorwichA, CowardD, NichollsJ, DearnaleyDP. Cardiovascular disease as a long-term complication of treatment for testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1513–1523.
ScappaticciFA, SkillingsJR, HoldenSN, GerberHP, MillerK, KabbinavarF, BergslandE, NgaiJ, HolmgrenE, WangJ, HurwitzH. Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1232–1239.
ChoueiriTK, SchutzFA, JeY, RosenbergJE, BellmuntJ. Risk of arterial thromboembolic events with sunitinib and sorafenib: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2280–2285.
LestuzziC, VaccherE, TalaminiR, LleshiA, MeneguzzoN, VielE, ScaloneS, TartuferiL, BuonadonnaA, EjioforL, SchmollHJ. Effort myocardial ischemia during chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil: an underestimated risk. Ann Oncol 2014;25:1059–1064.
ArimaY, OshimaS, NodaK, FukushimaH, TaniguchiI, NakamuraS, ShonoM, OgawaH. Sorafenib-induced acute myocardial infarction due to coronary artery spasm. J Cardiol 2009;54:512–515.
McGaleP, DarbySC, HallP, AdolfssonJ, BengtssonNO, BennetAM, FornanderT, GiganteB, JensenMB, PetoR, RahimiK, TaylorCW, EwertzM. Incidence of heart disease in 35,000 women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer in Denmark and Sweden. Radiother Oncol 2011;100:167–175.
VirmaniR, FarbA, CarterAJ, JonesRM. Comparative pathology: radiation-induced coronary artery disease in man and animals. Semin Interv Cardiol 1998;3:163–172.
BrosiusFC 3rd, WallerBF, RobertsWC. Radiation heart disease. Analysis of 16 young (aged 15 to 33 years) necropsy patients who received over 3,500 rads to the heart. Am J Med 1981;70:519–530.
VeinotJP, EdwardsWD. Pathology of radiation-induced heart disease: a surgical and autopsy study of 27 cases. Hum Pathol 1996;27:766–773.
McEnieryPT, DorostiK, SchiavoneWA, PedrickTJ, SheldonWC. Clinical and angiographic features of coronary artery disease after chest irradiation. Am J Cardiol 1987;60:1020–1024.
KingV, ConstineLS, ClarkD, SchwartzRG, MuhsAG, HenzlerM, HutsonA, RubinP. Symptomatic coronary artery disease after mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1996;36:881–889.
DarbySC, EwertzM, McGaleP, BennetAM, Blom-GoldmanU, BronnumD, CorreaC, CutterD, GagliardiG, GiganteB, JensenMB, NisbetA, PetoR, RahimiK, TaylorC, HallP. Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2013;368:987–998.
StoreyMR, MundenR, StromEA, McNeeseMD, BuchholzTA. Coronary artery dosimetry in intact left breast irradiation. Cancer J 2001;7:492–497.
CorreaCR, LittHI, HwangWT, FerrariVA, SolinLJ, HarrisEE. Coronary artery findings after left-sided compared with right-sided radiation treatment for early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3031–3037.
VijayakumarS, RosenbergI, SpelbringD, BrandtT. Estimation of doses to heart, coronary arteries, and spinal cord in mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Med Dosim 1991;16:237–241.
OrzanF, BruscaA, ConteMR, PresbiteroP, FigliomeniMC. Severe coronary artery disease after radiation therapy of the chest and mediastinum: clinical presentation and treatment. Br Heart J 1993;69:496–500.
van NimwegenFA, SchaapveldM, CutterDJ, JanusCP, KrolAD, HauptmannM, KooijmanK, RoesinkJ, van der MaazenR, DarbySC, AlemanBM, van LeeuwenFE. Radiation dose-response relationship for risk of coronary heart disease in survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:235–243.
van NimwegenFA, SchaapveldM, JanusCP, KrolAD, PetersenEJ, RaemaekersJM, KokWE, AlemanBM, van LeeuwenFE. Cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment: 40-year disease risk. JAMA Intern Med 2015;175:1007–1017.
WindeckerS, KolhP, AlfonsoF, ColletJP, CremerJ, FalkV, FilippatosG, HammC, HeadSJ, JuniP, KappeteinAP, KastratiA, KnuutiJ, LandmesserU, LauferG, NeumannFJ, RichterDJ, SchauerteP, Sousa UvaM, StefaniniGG, TaggartDP, TorraccaL, ValgimigliM, WijnsW, WitkowskiA. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: the Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2541–2619.
RoffiM, PatronoC, ColletJP, MuellerC, ValgimigliM, AndreottiF, BaxJJ, BorgerMA, BrotonsC, ChewDP, GencerB, HasenfussG, KjeldsenK, LancellottiP, LandmesserU, MehilliJ, MukherjeeD, StoreyRF, WindeckerS, BaumgartnerH, GaemperliO, AchenbachS, AgewallS, BadimonL, BaigentC, BuenoH, BugiardiniR, CarerjS, CasselmanF, CuissetT, ErolC, FitzsimonsD, HalleM, HammC, Hildick-SmithD, HuberK, IliodromitisE, JamesS, LewisBS, LipGY, PiepoliMF, RichterD, RosemannT, SechtemU, StegPG, VrintsC, Luis ZamoranoJ. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2016;37:267–315.
Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)StegPG, JamesSK, AtarD, BadanoLP, Blomstrom-LundqvistC, BorgerMA, Di MarioC, DicksteinK, DucrocqG, Fernandez-AvilesF, GershlickAH, GiannuzziP, HalvorsenS, HuberK, JuniP, KastratiA, KnuutiJ, LenzenMJ, MahaffeyKW, ValgimigliM, van 't HofA, WidimskyP, ZahgerD. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2569–2619.
BrouwerCA, PostmaA, HooimeijerHL, SmitAJ, VonkJM, van RoonAM, van den BergMP, DolsmaWV, LefrandtJD, Bink-BoelkensMT, ZwartN, de VriesEG, TissingWJ, GietemaJA. Endothelial damage in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3906–3913.
de HaasEC, OostingSF, LefrandtJD, WolffenbuttelBH, SleijferDT, GietemaJA. The metabolic syndrome in cancer survivors. Lancet Oncol 2010;11:193–203.
ProsnitzRG, HubbsJL, EvansES, ZhouSM, YuX, BlazingMA, HollisDR, TischA, WongTZ, Borges-NetoS, HardenberghPH, MarksLB. Prospective assessment of radiotherapy-associated cardiac toxicity in breast cancer patients: analysis of data 3 to 6 years after treatment. Cancer 2007;110:1840–1850.
GyenesG, FornanderT, CarlensP, GlasU, RutqvistLE. Detection of radiation-induced myocardial damage by technetium-99 m sestamibi scintigraphy. Eur J Nucl Med 1997;24:286–292.
MalancaM, CimadevillaC, BrochetE, IungB, VahanianA, Messika-ZeitounD. Radiotherapy-induced mitral stenosis: a three-dimensional perspective. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:108 e101–102.
CutterDJ, SchaapveldM, DarbySC, HauptmannM, van NimwegenFA, KrolAD, JanusCP, van LeeuwenFE, AlemanBM. Risk of valvular heart disease after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015;107:djv008.
GroarkeJD, NguyenPL, NohriaA, FerrariR, ChengS, MoslehiJ. Cardiovascular complications of radiation therapy for thoracic malignancies: the role for non-invasive imaging for detection of cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2014;35:612–623.
Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), VahanianA, AlfieriO, AndreottiF, AntunesMJ, Baron-EsquiviasG, BaumgartnerH, BorgerMA, CarrelTP, De BonisM, EvangelistaA, FalkV, IungB, LancellottiP, PierardL, PriceS, SchafersHJ, SchulerG, StepinskaJ, SwedbergK, TakkenbergJ, Von OppellUO, WindeckerS, ZamoranoJL, ZembalaM. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 2012;33:2451–2496.
TamargoJ, CaballeroR, DelponE. Cancer chemotherapy and cardiac arrhythmias: a review. Drug Saf 2015;38:129–152.
LenihanDJ, KoweyPR. Overview and management of cardiac adverse events associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncologist 2013;18:900–908.
SoignetSL, FrankelSR, DouerD, TallmanMS, KantarjianH, CallejaE, StoneRM, KalaycioM, ScheinbergDA, SteinherzP, SieversEL, CoutreS, DahlbergS, EllisonR, WarrellRP Jr. United States multicenter study of arsenic trioxide in relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3852–3860.
ShahRR, MorganrothJ, ShahDR. Cardiovascular safety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: with a special focus on cardiac repolarisation (QT interval). Drug Saf 2013;36:295–316.
StrevelEL, IngDJ, SiuLL. Molecularly targeted oncology therapeutics and prolongation of the QT interval. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3362–3371.
FarmakisD, ParissisJ, FilippatosG. Insights into onco-cardiology: atrial fibrillation in cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:945–953.
PrioriSG, Blomstrom-LundqvistC, MazzantiA, BlomN, BorggrefeM, CammJ, ElliottPM, FitzsimonsD, HatalaR, HindricksG, KirchhofP, KjeldsenK, KuckKH, Hernandez-MadridA, NikolaouN, NorekvalTM, SpauldingC, Van VeldhuisenDJ. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: the Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2015;36:2793–2867.
Al-KhatibSM, LaPointeNM, KramerJM, CaliffRM. What clinicians should know about the QT interval. JAMA 2003;289:2120–2127.
BatesSE, RosingDR, FojoT, PiekarzRL. Challenges of evaluating the cardiac effects of anticancer agents. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:3871–3874.
LarsenTB, NielsenPB, SkjothF, RasmussenLH, LipGY. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and the treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: a semi systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy outcomes. PLoS One 2014;9:e114445.
ColtJS, SchwartzK, GraubardBI, DavisF, RuterbuschJ, DiGaetanoR, PurdueM, RothmanN, WacholderS, ChowWH. Hypertension and risk of renal cell carcinoma among white and black Americans. Epidemiology 2011;22:797–804.
MilanA, PuglisiE, FerrariL, BrunoG, LosanoI, VeglioF. Arterial hypertension and cancer. Int J Cancer 2014;134:2269–2277.
IzzedineH, EderhyS, GoldwasserF, SoriaJC, MilanoG, CohenA, KhayatD, SpanoJP. Management of hypertension in angiogenesis inhibitor-treated patients. Ann Oncol 2009;20:807–815.
WuS, ChenJJ, KudelkaA, LuJ, ZhuX. Incidence and risk of hypertension with sorafenib in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:117–123.
EreminaV, JeffersonJA, KowalewskaJ, HochsterH, HaasM, WeisstuchJ, RichardsonC, KoppJB, KabirMG, BackxPH, GerberHP, FerraraN, BarisoniL, AlpersCE, QuagginSE. VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1129–1136.
RanpuraV, PulipatiB, ChuD, ZhuX, WuS. Increased risk of high-grade hypertension with bevacizumab in cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens 2010;23:460–468.
ManciaG, FagardR, NarkiewiczK, RedonJ, ZanchettiA, BohmM, ChristiaensT, CifkovaR, De BackerG, DominiczakA, GalderisiM, GrobbeeDE, JaarsmaT, KirchhofP, KjeldsenSE, LaurentS, ManolisAJ, NilssonPM, RuilopeLM, SchmiederRE, SirnesPA, SleightP, ViigimaaM, WaeberB, ZannadF, RedonJ, DominiczakA, NarkiewiczK, NilssonPM, BurnierM, ViigimaaM, AmbrosioniE, CaufieldM, CocaA, OlsenMH, SchmiederRE, TsioufisC, van de BorneP, ZamoranoJL, AchenbachS, BaumgartnerH, BaxJJ, BuenoH, DeanV, DeatonC, ErolC, FagardR, FerrariR, HasdaiD, HoesAW, KirchhofP, KnuutiJ, KolhP, LancellottiP, LinhartA, NihoyannopoulosP, PiepoliMF, PonikowskiP, SirnesPA, TamargoJL, TenderaM, TorbickiA, WijnsW, WindeckerS, ClementDL, CocaA, GillebertTC, TenderaM, RoseiEA, AmbrosioniE, AnkerSD, BauersachsJ, HitijJB, CaulfieldM, De BuyzereM, De GeestS, DerumeauxGA, ErdineS, FarsangC, Funck-BrentanoC, GercV, GermanoG, GielenS, HallerH, HoesAW, JordanJ, KahanT, KomajdaM, LovicD, MahrholdtH, OlsenMH, OstergrenJ, ParatiG, PerkJ, PoloniaJ, PopescuBA, ReinerZ, RydenL, SirenkoY, StantonA, Struijker-BoudierH, TsioufisC, van de BorneP, VlachopoulosC, VolpeM, WoodDA. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013;34:2159–2219.
ZhuX, StergiopoulosK, WuS. Risk of hypertension and renal dysfunction with an angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol 2009;48:9–17.
FunakoshiT, LatifA, GalskyMD. Risk of hypertension in cancer patients treated with sorafenib: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2013;27:601–611.
QiWX, HeAN, ShenZ, YaoY. Incidence and risk of hypertension with a novel multi-targeted kinase inhibitor axitinib in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76:348–357.
QiWX, ShenZ, LinF, SunYJ, MinDL, TangLN, HeAN, YaoY. Incidence and risk of hypertension with vandetanib in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;75:919–930.
WangZ, XuJ, NieW, HuangG, TangJ, GuanX. Risk of hypertension with regorafenib in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014;70:225–231.
MaitlandML, BakrisGL, BlackHR, ChenHX, DurandJB, ElliottWJ, IvySP, LeierCV, LindenfeldJ, LiuG, RemickSC, SteingartR, TangWH, Cardiovascular Toxicities Panel, Convened by the Angiogenesis Task Force of the National Cancer Institute Investigational Drug Steering Committee. Initial assessment, surveillance, and management of blood pressure in patients receiving vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway inhibitors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:596–604.
McMurrayJJ, AdamopoulosS, AnkerSD, AuricchioA, BohmM, DicksteinK, FalkV, FilippatosG, FonsecaC, Gomez-SanchezMA, JaarsmaT, KoberL, LipGY, MaggioniAP, ParkhomenkoA, PieskeBM, PopescuBA, RonnevikPK, RuttenFH, SchwitterJ, SeferovicP, StepinskaJ, TrindadePT, VoorsAA, ZannadF, ZeiherA, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1787–1847.
OliverJJ, MelvilleVP, WebbDJ. Effect of regular phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition in hypertension. Hypertension 2006;48:622–627.
EwerMS, EwerSM. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatments: what the cardiologist needs to know. Nat Rev Cardiol 2010;7:564–575.
RicklesFR. Mechanisms of cancer-induced thrombosis in cancer. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2006;35:103–110.
Di NisioM, FerranteN, FeragalliB, De TursiM, IacobelliS, CuccurulloF, PorrecaE. Arterial thrombosis in ambulatory cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Thromb Res 2011;127:382–383.
EwerMS, GluckS. A woman's heart: the impact of adjuvant endocrine therapy on cardiovascular health. Cancer 2009;115:1813–1826.
LecumberriR, MarquesM, PanizoE, AlfonsoA, Garcia-MourizA, Gil-BazoI, HermidaJ, SchulmanS, ParamoJA. High incidence of venous thromboembolism despite electronic alerts for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalised cancer patients. Thromb Haemost 2013;110:184–190.
KhoranaAA. Risk assessment and prophylaxis for VTE in cancer patients. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2011;9:789–797.
KhoranaAA, ConnollyGC. Assessing risk of venous thromboembolism in the patient with cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4839–4847.
HaddadTC, GreenoEW. Chemotherapy-induced thrombosis. Thromb Res 2006;118:555–568.
O'ConnellCL, LiebmanHA. Approach to the management of incidental venous thromboembolic events in patients with cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2014;12:1557–1560.
AklEA, KahaleL, BarbaM, NeumannI, LabediN, TerrenatoI, SperatiF, MutiP, SchunemannH. Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;7:CD006650.
HuttenBA, PrinsMH, GentM, GinsbergJ, TijssenJG, BullerHR. Incidence of recurrent thromboembolic and bleeding complications among patients with venous thromboembolism in relation to both malignancy and achieved international normalized ratio: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3078–3083.
KonstantinidesSV, TorbickiA, AgnelliG, DanchinN, FitzmauriceD, GalieN, GibbsJS, HuismanMV, HumbertM, KucherN, LangI, LankeitM, LekakisJ, MaackC, MayerE, MeneveauN, PerrierA, PruszczykP, RasmussenLH, SchindlerTH, SvitilP, Vonk NoordegraafA, ZamoranoJL, ZompatoriM, Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J 2014;35:3033–3069, 3069a–3069k.
PrinsMH, LensingAW, BauersachsR, van BellenB, BounameauxH, BrightonTA, CohenAT, DavidsonBL, DecoususH, RaskobGE, BerkowitzSD, WellsPS, EINSTEIN Investigators. Oral rivaroxaban versus standard therapy for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism: a pooled analysis of the EINSTEIN-DVT and PE randomized studies. Thromb J 2013;11:21.
SchulmanS, GoldhaberSZ, KearonC, KakkarAK, SchellongS, ErikssonH, HantelS, FeuringM, KreuzerJ. Treatment with dabigatran or warfarin in patients with venous thromboembolism and cancer. Thromb Haemost 2015;114:150–157.
GerotziafasGT, MaheI, ElalamyI. New orally active anticoagulant agents for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2014;10:423–436.
FargeD, DebourdeauP, BeckersM, BaglinC, BauersachsRM, BrennerB, BrilhanteD, FalangaA, GerotzafiasGT, HaimN, KakkarAK, KhoranaAA, LecumberriR, MandalaM, MartyM, MonrealM, MousaSA, NobleS, PabingerI, PrandoniP, PrinsMH, QariMH, StreiffMB, SyrigosK, BounameauxH, BullerHR. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2013;11:56–70.
BarginearMF, GrallaRJ, BradleyTP, AliSS, ShapiraI, GrebenC, Nier-ShoulsonN, AkermanM, LesserM, BudmanDR. Investigating the benefit of adding a vena cava filter to anticoagulation with fondaparinux sodium in patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism in a prospective randomized clinical trial. Support Care Cancer 2012;20:2865–2872.
VillemurB, PayraudE, SeethaV, De AngelisMP, MagneJL, PerennouD, CarpentierP, PernodG. [Arterial bypass iterative thrombosis and cancer: three cases]. J Mal Vasc 2014;39:14–17.
PlummerC, HendersonRD, O'SullivanJD, ReadSJ. Ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack after head and neck radiotherapy: a review. Stroke 2011;42:2410–2418.
De BruinML, DorresteijnLD, van't VeerMB, KrolAD, van der PalHJ, KappelleAC, BoogerdW, AlemanBM, van LeeuwenFE. Increased risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack in 5-year survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:928–937.
YuanH, GaberMW, BoydK, WilsonCM, KianiMF, MerchantTE. Effects of fractionated radiation on the brain vasculature in a murine model: blood-brain barrier permeability, astrocyte proliferation, and ultrastructural changes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2006;66:860–866.
LouisEL, McLoughlinMJ, WortzmanG. Chronic damage to medium and large arteries following irradiation. J Can Assoc Radiol 1974;25:94–104.
FajardoLF. The pathology of ionizing radiation as defined by morphologic patterns. Acta Oncol 2005;44:13–22.
European Stroke OrganisationTenderaM, AboyansV, BartelinkML, BaumgartnerI, ClementD, ColletJP, CremonesiA, De CarloM, ErbelR, FowkesFG, HerasM, KownatorS, MinarE, OstergrenJ, PoldermansD, RiambauV, RoffiM, RotherJ, SievertH, van SambeekM, ZellerT, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries: the Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Artery Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011;32:2851–2906.
FokkemaM, den HartogAG, BotsML, van der TweelI, MollFL, de BorstGJ. Stenting versus surgery in patients with carotid stenosis after previous cervical radiation therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2012;43:793–801.
GujralDM, ShahBN, ChahalNS, SeniorR, HarringtonKJ, NuttingCM. Clinical features of radiation-induced carotid atherosclerosis. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014;26:94–102.
LimsuwanA, PakakasamaS, RochanawutanonM, Hong-engS. Pulmonary arterial hypertension after childhood cancer therapy and bone marrow transplantation. Cardiology 2006;105:188–194.
RanchouxB, GuntherS, QuarckR, ChaumaisMC, DorfmullerP, AntignyF, DumasSJ, RaymondN, LauE, SavaleL, JaisX, SitbonO, SimonneauG, StenmarkK, Cohen-KaminskyS, HumbertM, MontaniD, PerrosF. Chemotherapy-induced pulmonary hypertension: role of alkylating agents. Am J Pathol 2015;185:356–371.
GalieN, HumbertM, VachieryJL, GibbsS, LangI, TorbickiA, SimonneauG, PeacockA, Vonk NoordegraafA, BeghettiM, GhofraniA, Gomez SanchezMA, HansmannG, KlepetkoW, LancellottiP, MatucciM, McDonaghT, PierardLA, TrindadePT, ZompatoriM, HoeperM, AboyansV, Vaz CarneiroA, AchenbachS, AgewallS, AllanoreY, AsteggianoR, Paolo BadanoL, Albert BarberaJ, BouvaistH, BuenoH, ByrneRA, CarerjS, CastroG, ErolC, FalkV, Funck-BrentanoC, GorenfloM, GrantonJ, IungB, KielyDG, KirchhofP, KjellstromB, LandmesserU, LekakisJ, LionisC, LipGY, OrfanosSE, ParkMH, PiepoliMF, PonikowskiP, RevelMP, RigauD, RosenkranzS, VollerH, Luis ZamoranoJ. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Joint Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J 2016;37:67–119.
StewartJR, FajardoLF, GilletteSM, ConstineLS. Radiation injury to the heart. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1995;31:1205–1211.
ApplefeldMM, WiernikPH. Cardiac disease after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease: analysis of 48 patients. Am J Cardiol 1983;51:1679–1681.
GagliardiG, ConstineLS, MoiseenkoV, CorreaC, PierceLJ, AllenAM, MarksLB. Radiation dose-volume effects in the heart. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;76:S77–85.
AdlerY, CharronP, ImazioM, BadanoL, Baron-EsquiviasG, BogaertJ, BrucatoA, GueretP, KlingelK, LionisC, MaischB, MayosiB, PavieA, RisticAD, Sabate TenasM, SeferovicP, SwedbergK, TomkowskiW, AchenbachS, AgewallS, Al-AttarN, Angel FerrerJ, AradM, AsteggianoR, BuenoH, CaforioAL, CarerjS, CeconiC, EvangelistaA, FlachskampfF, GiannakoulasG, GielenS, HabibG, KolhP, LambrinouE, LancellottiP, LazarosG, LinhartA, MeurinP, NiemanK, PiepoliMF, PriceS, Roos-HesselinkJ, RoubilleF, RuschitzkaF, Sagrista SauledaJ, Sousa-UvaM, Uwe VoigtJ, Luis ZamoranoJ, European Society of Cardiology. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2015;36:2921–2964.
ChenMH, KerkelaR, ForceT. Mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor cancer therapeutics. Circulation 2008;118:84–95.
NessKK, ArmstrongGT. Screening for cardiac autonomic dysfunction among Hodgkin lymphoma survivors treated with thoracic radiation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:584–585.
DillerL, ChowEJ, GurneyJG, HudsonMM, Kadin-LottickNS, KawashimaTI, LeisenringWM, MeachamLR, MertensAC, MulrooneyDA, OeffingerKC, PackerRJ, RobisonLL, SklarCA. Chronic disease in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort: a review of published findings. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2339–2355.
TukenovaM, GuiboutC, OberlinO, DoyonF, MousannifA, HaddyN, GuerinS, PacquementH, AoubaA, HawkinsM, WinterD, BourhisJ, LefkopoulosD, DialloI, de VathaireF. Role of cancer treatment in long-term overall and cardiovascular mortality after childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1308–1315.
GudmundsdottirT, WintherJF, de Fine LichtS, BonnesenTG, AsdahlPH, TryggvadottirL, AndersonH, WesenbergF, MalilaN, HasleH, OlsenJH, ALiCCS study group. Cardiovascular disease in adult life after childhood cancer in Scandinavia: a population-based cohort study of 32,308 one-year survivors. Int J Cancer 2015;137:1176–1186.
AaproM, Bernard-MartyC, BrainEG, BatistG, ErdkampF, KrzemienieckiK, LeonardR, LluchA, MonfardiniS, RybergM, SoubeyranP, WeddingU. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity in the elderly cancer patient: a SIOG expert position paper. Ann Oncol 2011;22:257–267.
SerranoC, CortesJ, De Mattos-ArrudaL, BelletM, GomezP, SauraC, PerezJ, VidalM, Munoz-CouseloE, CarrerasMJ, Sanchez-OlleG, TaberneroJ, BaselgaJ, Di CosimoS. Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity in the elderly: a role for cardiovascular risk factors. Ann Oncol 2012;23:897–902.
EwerSM, EwerMS. Cardiotoxicity profile of trastuzumab. Drug Saf 2008;31:459–467.
GziriMM, AmantF, DebieveF, Van CalsterenK, De CatteL, MertensL. Effects of chemotherapy during pregnancy on the maternal and fetal heart. Prenat Diagn 2012;32:614–619.
Van CalsterenK, HeynsL, De SmetF, Van EyckenL, GziriMM, Van GemertW, HalaskaM, VergoteI, OttevangerN, AmantF. Cancer during pregnancy: an analysis of 215 patients emphasizing the obstetrical and the neonatal outcomes. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:683–689.
GziriMM, DebieveF, de CatteL, MertensL, BarreaC, van CalsterenK, HanSN, HeynsL, AmantF. Chemotherapy during pregnancy: effect of anthracyclines on fetal and maternal cardiac function. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012;91:1465–1468.
Van CalsterenK, VerbesseltR, BeijnenJ, DevliegerR, De CatteL, ChaiDC, Van BreeR, HeynsL, de HoonJ, AmantF. Transplacental transfer of anthracyclines, vinblastine, and 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide in a baboon model. Gynecol Oncol 2010;119:594–600.
CardonickE, DoughertyR, GranaG, GilmandyarD, GhaffarS, UsmaniA. Breast cancer during pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes. Cancer J 2010;16:76–82.
BoschX, RoviraM, SitgesM, DomenechA, Ortiz-PerezJT, de CaraltTM, Morales-RuizM, PereaRJ, MonzoM, EsteveJ. Enalapril and carvedilol for preventing chemotherapy-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with malignant hemopathies: the OVERCOME trial (preventiOn of left Ventricular dysfunction with Enalapril and caRvedilol in patients submitted to intensive ChemOtherapy for the treatment of Malignant hEmopathies). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2355–2362.
GulatiG, HeckSL, ReeAH, HoffmannP, Schulz-MengerJ, FagerlandMW, GravdehaugB, von Knobelsdorff-BrenkenhoffF, BratlandA, StorasTH, HagveTA, RosjoH, SteineK, GeislerJ, OmlandT. Prevention of cardiac dysfunction during adjuvant breast cancer therapy (PRADA): a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of candesartan and metoprolol. Eur Heart J 2016;37:1671–1680.
PituskinE, HaykowskyM, MackeyJR, ThompsonRB, EzekowitzJ, KoshmanS, OuditG, ChowK, PaganoJJ, PatersonI. Rationale and design of the Multidisciplinary Approach to Novel Therapies in Cardiology Oncology Research Trial (MANTICORE 101—Breast): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine if conventional heart failure pharmacotherapy can prevent trastuzumab-mediated left ventricular remodeling among patients with HER2+ early breast cancer using cardiac MRI. BMC Cancer 2011;11:318.
BaracA, MurtaghG, CarverJR, ChenMH, FreemanAM, HerrmannJ, IliescuC, KyB, MayerEL, OkwuosaTM, PlanaJC, RyanTD, RzeszutAK, DouglasPS. Cardiovascular health of patients with cancer and cancer survivors: a roadmap to the next level. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2739–2746.
ClarkeE, LenihanD. Cardio-oncology: a new discipline in medicine to lead us into truly integrative care. Future Cardiol 2015;11:359–361.
OkwuosaTM, BaracA. Burgeoning cardio-oncology programs: challenges and opportunities for early career cardiologists/faculty directors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:1193–1197.
AlbiniA, PennesiG, DonatelliF, CammarotaR, De FloraS, NoonanDM. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer drugs: the need for cardio-oncology and cardio-oncological prevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:14–25.
SpeyerJL, GreenMD, Zeleniuch-JacquotteA, WernzJC, ReyM, SangerJ, KramerE, FerransV, HochsterH, MeyersM. ICRF-187 permits longer treatment with doxorubicin in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:117–127.
VenturiniM, MichelottiA, Del MastroL, GalloL, CarninoF, GarroneO, TibaldiC, MoleaN, BellinaRC, PronzatoP, CyrusP, VinkeJ, TestoreF, GuelfiM, LionettoR, BruzziP, ContePF, RossoR. Multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate cardioprotection of dexrazoxane versus no cardioprotection in women receiving epirubicin chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:3112–3120.
SwainSM, WhaleyFS, GerberMC, EwerMS, BianchineJR, GamsRA. Delayed administration of dexrazoxane provides cardioprotection for patients with advanced breast cancer treated with doxorubicin-containing therapy. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1333–1340.
LipshultzSE, RifaiN, DaltonVM, LevyDE, SilvermanLB, LipsitzSR, ColanSD, AsselinBL, BarrRD, ClavellLA, HurwitzCA, MoghrabiA, SamsonY, SchorinMA, GelberRD, SallanSE. The effect of dexrazoxane on myocardial injury in doxorubicin-treated children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2004;351:145–153.
MartyM, EspieM, LlombartA, MonnierA, RapoportBL, StahalovaV, Dexrazoxane Study Group. Multicenter randomized phase III study of the cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane (Cardioxane) in advanced/metastatic breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline–based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2006;17:614–622.
HuhWW, JaffeN, DurandJB, MunsellMF, HerzogCE. Comparison of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in pediatric sarcoma patients when given with dexrazoxane versus as continuous infusion. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010;27:546–557.
AsselinBL, DevidasM, ChenL, FrancoVI, PullenJ, BorowitzMJ, HutchisonRE, RavindranathY, ArmenianSH, CamittaBM, LipshultzSE. Cardioprotection and safety of dexrazoxane in patients treated for newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or advanced-stage lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a report of the Children's Oncology Group Randomized Trial Pediatric Oncology Group 9404. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:854–862.
van DalenEC, CaronHN, DickinsonHO, KremerLC. Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;6:CD003917.
TebbiCK, LondonWB, FriedmanD, VillalunaD, De AlarconPA, ConstineLS, MendenhallNP, SpostoR, ChauvenetA, SchwartzCL. Dexrazoxane-associated risk for acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome and other secondary malignancies in pediatric Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:493–500.
BarryEV, VroomanLM, DahlbergSE, NeubergDS, AsselinBL, AthaleUH, ClavellLA, LarsenEC, MoghrabiA, SamsonY, SchorinMA, CohenHJ, LipshultzSE, SallanSE, SilvermanLB. Absence of secondary malignant neoplasms in children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with dexrazoxane. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1106–1111.
HensleyML, HagertyKL, KewalramaniT, GreenDM, MeropolNJ, WassermanTH, CohenGI, EmamiB, GradisharWJ, MitchellRB, ThigpenJT, TrottiA 3rd, von HoffD, SchuchterLM. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2008 clinical practice guideline update: use of chemotherapy and radiation therapy protectants. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:127–145.
European Medicines Agency. Questions and answers on the review of dexrazoxane-containing medicines, powder for solution for infusion, 500 mg. Outcome of a procedure under Article 31 of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Referrals_document/Dexrazoxane_31/WC500108011.pdf. Date last accessed 12 April 2016.
KalayN, BasarE, OzdogruI, ErO, CetinkayaY, DoganA, InancT, OguzhanA, EryolNK, TopsakalR, ErginA. Protective effects of carvedilol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:2258–2262.
KayaMG, OzkanM, GunebakmazO, AkkayaH, KayaEG, AkpekM, KalayN, DikilitasM, YarliogluesM, KaracaH, BerkV, ArdicI, ErginA, LamYY. Protective effects of nebivolol against anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: a randomized control study. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:2306–2310.
NakamaeH, TsumuraK, TeradaY, NakaneT, NakamaeM, OhtaK, YamaneT, HinoM. Notable effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan, on acute cardiotoxic changes after standard chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone. Cancer 2005;104:2492–2498.
YancyCW, JessupM, BozkurtB, ButlerJ, CaseyDE Jr, DraznerMH, FonarowGC, GeraciSA, HorwichT, JanuzziJL, JohnsonMR, KasperEK, LevyWC, MasoudiFA, McBridePE, McMurrayJJ, MitchellJE, PetersonPN, RiegelB, SamF, StevensonLW, TangWH, TsaiEJ, WilkoffBL, American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:e147–e239.
NegishiK, NegishiT, HaluskaBA, HareJL, PlanaJC, MarwickTH. Use of speckle strain to assess left ventricular responses to cardiotoxic chemotherapy and cardioprotection. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:324–331.
HarrisL, BatistG, BeltR, RoviraD, NavariR, AzarniaN, WellesL, WinerE, TLC D-99 Study Group. Liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin compared with conventional doxorubicin in a randomized multicenter trial as first-line therapy of metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:25–36.
van DalenEC, MichielsEM, CaronHN, KremerLC. Different anthracycline derivates for reducing cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;5:CD005006.
O'BrienME, WiglerN, InbarM, RossoR, GrischkeE, SantoroA, CataneR, KiebackDG, TomczakP, AcklandSP, OrlandiF, MellarsL, AllandL, TendlerC, CAELYX Breast Cancer Study Group. Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2004;15:440–449.
SwainSM, WhaleyFS, GerberMC, WeisbergS, YorkM, SpicerD, JonesSE, WadlerS, DesaiA, VogelC, SpeyerJ, MittelmanA, ReddyS, PendergrassK, Velez-GarciaE, EwerMS, BianchineJR, GamsRA. Cardioprotection with dexrazoxane for doxorubicin-containing therapy in advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:1318–1332.
HayesSC, SpenceRR, GalvaoDA, NewtonRU. Australian Association for Exercise and Sport Science position stand: optimising cancer outcomes through exercise. J Sci Med Sport 2009;12:428–434.
JonesLW, LiuQ, ArmstrongGT, NessKK, YasuiY, DevineK, TonorezosE, Soares-MirandaL, SklarCA, DouglasPS, RobisonLL, OeffingerKC. Exercise and risk of major cardiovascular events in adult survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3643–3650.
LowCA, BeckjordE, BovbjergDH, DewMA, PoslusznyDM, SchmidtJE, LoweryAE, NuttSA, ArveySR, RechisR. Correlates of positive health behaviors in cancer survivors: results from the 2010 LIVESTRONG survey. J Psychosoc Oncol 2014;32:678–695.
MishraSI, SchererRW, SnyderC, GeiglePM, BerlansteinDR, TopalogluO. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for people with cancer during active treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;8:CD008465.
LymanGH, BohlkeK, KhoranaAA, KudererNM, LeeAY, ArcelusJI, BalabanEP, ClarkeJM, FlowersCR, FrancisCW, GatesLE, KakkarAK, KeyNS, LevineMN, LiebmanHA, TemperoMA, WongSL, SomerfieldMR, FalangaA, American Society of Clinical Oncology. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update 2014. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:654–656.
AgnelliG, GussoniG, BianchiniC, VersoM, MandalaM, CavannaL, BarniS, LabiancaR, BuzziF, ScambiaG, PassalacquaR, RicciS, GaspariniG, LorussoV, BonizzoniE, TonatoM, PROTECHT Investigators. Nadroparin for the prevention of thromboembolic events in ambulatory patients with metastatic or locally advanced solid cancer receiving chemotherapy: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:943–949.
CarrierM, KhoranaAA, MorettoP, Le GalG, KarpR, ZwickerJI. Lack of evidence to support thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients with cancer. Am J Med 2014;127:82–86 e81.
AklEA, RamlyEP, KahaleLA, YosuicoVE, BarbaM, SperatiF, CookD, SchunemannH. Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;10:CD006468.
LeghaSS, BenjaminRS, MackayB, EwerM, WallaceS, ValdiviesoM, RasmussenSL, BlumenscheinGR, FreireichEJ. Reduction of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by prolonged continuous intravenous infusion. Ann Intern Med 1982;96:133–139.
TortiFM, BristowMR, HowesAE, AstonD, StockdaleFE, CarterSK, KohlerM, BrownBW Jr., BillinghamME. Reduced cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin delivered on a weekly schedule. Assessment by endomyocardial biopsy. Ann Intern Med 1983;99:745–749.
GianniL, MunzoneE, CapriG, FulfaroF, TarenziE, VillaniF, SpreaficoC, LaffranchiA, CaraceniA, MartiniC. Paclitaxel by 3-hour infusion in combination with bolus doxorubicin in women with untreated metastatic breast cancer: high antitumor efficacy and cardiac effects in a dose-finding and sequence-finding study. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2688–2699.
BoyleEM, MorschhauserF. Pixantrone: a novel anthracycline-like drug for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015;14:601–607.
SafraT, MuggiaF, JeffersS, Tsao-WeiDD, GroshenS, LyassO, HendersonR, BerryG, GabizonA. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil): reduced clinical cardiotoxicity in patients reaching or exceeding cumulative doses of 500 mg/m2. Ann Oncol 2000;11:1029–1033.
LotrionteM, PalazzoniG, NataliR, ComerciG, AbbateA, Di PersioS, Biondi-ZoccaiGG. Appraising cardiotoxicity associated with liposomal doxorubicin by means of tissue Doppler echocardiography end-points: rationale and design of the LITE (Liposomal doxorubicin-Investigational chemotherapy-Tissue Doppler imaging Evaluation) randomized pilot study. Int J Cardiol 2009;135:72–77.
SparanoJA, MakhsonAN, SemiglazovVF, TjulandinSA, BalashovaOI, BondarenkoIN, BogdanovaNV, ManikhasGM, OliynychenkoGP, ChatikhineVA, ZhuangSH, XiuL, YuanZ, RackoffWR. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus docetaxel significantly improves time to progression without additive cardiotoxicity compared with docetaxel monotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer previously treated with neoadjuvant-adjuvant anthracycline therapy: results from a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4522–4529.
RafiyathSM, RasulM, LeeB, WeiG, LambaG, LiuD. Comparison of safety and toxicity of liposomal doxorubicin vs. conventional anthracyclines: a meta-analysis. Exp Hematol Oncol 2012;1:10.
LotrionteM, PalazzoniG, AbbateA, De MarcoE, MezzaromaE, Di PersioS, FratiG, LoperfidoF, Biondi-ZoccaiG. Cardiotoxicity of a non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin-based regimen versus an epirubicin-based regimen for breast cancer: the LITE (Liposomal doxorubicin-Investigational chemotherapy-Tissue Doppler imaging Evaluation) randomized pilot study. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1055–1057.
JonesSE, SavinMA, HolmesFA, O'ShaughnessyJA, BlumJL, VukeljaS, McIntyreKJ, PippenJE, BordelonJH, KirbyR, SandbachJ, HymanWJ, KhandelwalP, NegronAG, RichardsDA, AnthonySP, MennelRG, BoehmKA, MeyerWG, AsmarL. Phase III trial comparing doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide as adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5381–5387.
HolmesFA, RowinskyEK. Pharmacokinetic profiles of doxorubicin in combination with taxanes. Semin Oncol 2001;28:8–14.
SalvatorelliE, MennaP, CascegnaS, LiberiG, CalafioreAM, GianniL, MinottiG. Paclitaxel and docetaxel stimulation of doxorubicinol formation in the human heart: implications for cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin-taxane chemotherapies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;318:424–433.
FloydJD, NguyenDT, LobinsRL, BashirQ, DollDC, PerryMC. Cardiotoxicity of cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7685–7696.
Tan-ChiuE, YothersG, RomondE, GeyerCE Jr, EwerM, KeefeD, ShannonRP, SwainSM, BrownA, FehrenbacherL, VogelVG, SeayTE, RastogiP, MamounasEP, WolmarkN, BryantJ. Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel, with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer: NSABP B-31. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7811–7819.
SlamonD, EiermannW, RobertN, PienkowskiT, MartinM, PressM, MackeyJ, GlaspyJ, ChanA, PawlickiM, PinterT, ValeroV, LiuMC, SauterG, von MinckwitzG, ViscoF, BeeV, BuyseM, BendahmaneB, Tabah-FischI, LindsayMA, RivaA, CrownJ, Breast Cancer International Research Group. Adjuvant trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1273–1283.
SmithI, ProcterM, GelberRD, GuillaumeS, FeyereislovaA, DowsettM, GoldhirschA, UntchM, MarianiG, BaselgaJ, KaufmannM, CameronD, BellR, BerghJ, ColemanR, WardleyA, HarbeckN, LopezRI, MallmannP, GelmonK, WilckenN, WistE, Sanchez RoviraP, Piccart-GebhartMJ, HERA study team. 2-year follow-up of trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:29–36.
Piccart-GebhartMJ, ProcterM, Leyland-JonesB, GoldhirschA, UntchM, SmithI, GianniL, BaselgaJ, BellR, JackischC, CameronD, DowsettM, BarriosCH, StegerG, HuangCS, AnderssonM, InbarM, LichinitserM, LangI, NitzU, IwataH, ThomssenC, LohrischC, SuterTM, RuschoffJ, SutoT, GreatorexV, WardC, StraehleC, McFaddenE, DolciMS, GelberRD, Herceptin Adjuvant Trial Study Team. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1659–1672.
RomondEH, PerezEA, BryantJ, SumanVJ, GeyerCE Jr, DavidsonNE, Tan-ChiuE, MartinoS, PaikS, KaufmanPA, SwainSM, PisanskyTM, FehrenbacherL, KuttehLA, VogelVG, VisscherDW, YothersG, JenkinsRB, BrownAM, DakhilSR, MamounasEP, LingleWL, KleinPM, IngleJN, WolmarkN. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1673–1684.
SeiceanS, SeiceanA, AlanN, PlanaJC, BuddGT, MarwickTH. Cardioprotective effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy: follow-up study of heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013;6:420–426.
JonesAL, BarlowM, Barrett-LeePJ, CanneyPA, GilmourIM, RobbSD, PlummerCJ, WardleyAM, VerrillMW. Management of cardiac health in trastuzumab-treated patients with breast cancer: updated United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute recommendations for monitoring. Br J Cancer 2009;100:684–692.
ScottJM, KhakooA, MackeyJR, HaykowskyMJ, DouglasPS, JonesLW. Modulation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by aerobic exercise in breast cancer: current evidence and underlying mechanisms. Circulation 2011;124:642–650.
HaykowskyMJ, MackeyJR, ThompsonRB, JonesLW, PatersonDI. Adjuvant trastuzumab induces ventricular remodeling despite aerobic exercise training. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:4963–4967.
Task Force MembersMontalescotG, SechtemU, AchenbachS, AndreottiF, ArdenC, BudajA, BugiardiniR, CreaF, CuissetT, Di MarioC, FerreiraJR, GershBJ, GittAK, HulotJS, MarxN, OpieLH, PfistererM, PrescottE, RuschitzkaF, SabateM, SeniorR, TaggartDP, van der WallEE, VrintsCJ, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, ZamoranoJL, AchenbachS, BaumgartnerH, BaxJJ, BuenoH, DeanV, DeatonC, ErolC, FagardR, FerrariR, HasdaiD, HoesAW, KirchhofP, KnuutiJ, KolhP, LancellottiP, LinhartA, NihoyannopoulosP, PiepoliMF, PonikowskiP, SirnesPA, TamargoJL, TenderaM, TorbickiA, WijnsW, WindeckerS, DocumentR, KnuutiJ, ValgimigliM, BuenoH, ClaeysMJ, Donner-BanzhoffN, ErolC, FrankH, Funck-BrentanoC, GaemperliO, Gonzalez-JuanateyJR, HamilosM, HasdaiD, HustedS, JamesSK, KervinenK, KolhP, KristensenSD, LancellottiP, MaggioniAP, PiepoliMF, PriesAR, RomeoF, RydenL, SimoonsML, SirnesPA, StegPG, TimmisA, WijnsW, WindeckerS, YildirirA, ZamoranoJL. 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2949–3003.
SaifMW, ShahMM, ShahAR. Fluoropyrimidine-associated cardiotoxicity: revisited. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2009;8:191–202.
OleksowiczL, BrucknerHW. Prophylaxis of 5-fluorouracil-induced coronary vasospasm with calcium channel blockers. Am J Med 1988;85:750–751.
EskilssonJ, AlbertssonM. Failure of preventing 5-fluorouracil cardiotoxicity by prophylactic treatment with verapamil. Acta Oncol 1990;29:1001–1003.
PolkA, Vaage-NilsenM, VistisenK, NielsenDL. Cardiotoxicity in cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil or capecitabine: a systematic review of incidence, manifestations and predisposing factors. Cancer Treat Rev 2013;39:974–984.
HancockSL, TuckerMA, HoppeRT. Factors affecting late mortality from heart disease after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. JAMA 1993;270:1949–1955.
LouweRJ, WendlingM, van HerkMB, MijnheerBJ. Three-dimensional heart dose reconstruction to estimate normal tissue complication probability after breast irradiation using portal dosimetry. Med Phys 2007;34:1354–1363.
BruzzanitiV, AbateA, PinnaroP, D'AndreaM, InfusinoE, LandoniV, SorianiA, GiordanoC, FerraroA, StrigariL. Dosimetric and clinical advantages of deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) during radiotherapy of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013;32:88.
XuQ, ChenY, GrimmJ, FanJ, AnL, XueJ, PahlajaniN, LacoutureT. Dosimetric investigation of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using CyberKnife. Med Phys 2012;39:6621–6628.
BartlettFR, ColganRM, DonovanEM, McNairHA, CarrK, EvansPM, GriffinC, LockeI, HavilandJS, YarnoldJR, KirbyAM. The UK HeartSpare Study (Stage IB): randomised comparison of a voluntary breath-hold technique and prone radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery. Radiother Oncol 2015;114:66–72.
McCabeMS, BhatiaS, OeffingerKC, ReamanGH, TyneC, WollinsDS, HudsonMM. American Society of Clinical Oncology statement: achieving high-quality cancer survivorship care. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:631–640.
LenihanDJ, OlivaS, ChowEJ, CardinaleD. Cardiac toxicity in cancer survivors. Cancer 2013;119 (Suppl 11):2131–2142.
HequetO, LeQH, MoulletI, PauliE, SallesG, EspinouseD, DumontetC, ThieblemontC, ArnaudP, AntalD, BouafiaF, CoiffierB. Subclinical late cardiomyopathy after doxorubicin therapy for lymphoma in adults. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1864–1871.
de AzambujaE, AmeyeL, DiazM, VandenbosscheS, AftimosP, Bejarano HernandezS, Shih-LiC, DelhayeF, FocanC, CornezN, VindevoghelA, BeauduinM, LemortM, PaesmansM, SuterT, Piccart-GebhartM. Cardiac assessment of early breast cancer patients 18 years after treatment with cyclophosphamide-, methotrexate-, fluorouracil- or epirubicin-based chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2015;51:2517–2524.
MitaniI, JainD, JoskaTM, BurtnessB, ZaretBL. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: prevention of congestive heart failure with serial cardiac function monitoring with equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography in the current era. J Nucl Cardiol 2003;10:132–139.
EwerMS, LenihanDJ. Left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiotoxicity: is our ear really to the ground? J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1201–1203.
LenihanDJ, CardinaleDM. Late cardiac effects of cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3657–3664.
HeidenreichPA, HancockSL, LeeBK, MariscalCS, SchnittgerI. Asymptomatic cardiac disease following mediastinal irradiation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:743–749.
KoppelmansV, VernooijMW, BoogerdW, SeynaeveC, IkramMA, BretelerMM, SchagenSB. Prevalence of cerebral small-vessel disease in long-term breast cancer survivors exposed to both adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:588–593.
GlanzmannC, HugueninP, LutolfUM, MaireR, JenniR, GumppenbergV. Cardiac lesions after mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Radiother Oncol 1994;30:43–54.
ArmstrongGT, JoshiVM, ZhuL, SrivastavaD, ZhangN, NessKK, StokesDC, KrasinMT, FowlerJA, RobisonLL, HudsonMM, GreenDM. Increased tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity by Doppler echocardiography in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:774–781.
CopelandKA, HosmaneVR, JurkovitzC, KolmP, BowenJ, DiSabatinoA, BanburyMK, StrasserJF, WeintraubWS, DooreyAJ. Frequency of severe valvular disease caused by mediastinal radiation among patients undergoing valve surgery in a community-based, regional academic medical center. Clin Cardiol 2013;36:217–221.
MachannW, BeerM, BreunigM, StorkS, AngermannC, SeufertI, SchwabF, KolblO, FlentjeM, VordermarkD. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 20-year survivors of mediastinal radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;79:1117–1123.
LenihanDJ, CardinaleD, CipollaCM. The compelling need for a cardiology and oncology partnership and the birth of the International CardiOncology Society. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2010;53:88–93.
MoslehiJ, ChengS. Cardio-oncology: it takes two to translate. Sci Transl Med 2013;5:187fs120.
MartinM, EstevaFJ, AlbaE, KhandheriaB, Perez-IslaL, Garcia-SaenzJA, MarquezA, SenguptaP, ZamoranoJ. Minimizing cardiotoxicity while optimizing treatment efficacy with trastuzumab: review and expert recommendations. Oncologist 2009;14:1–11.
LuCY, SrasuebkulP, DrewAK, ChenK, WardRL, PearsonSA. Trastuzumab therapy in Australia: which patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer are assessed for cardiac function? Breast 2013;22:482–487.
SeiceanS, SeiceanA, PlanaJC, BuddGT, MarwickTH. Effect of statin therapy on the risk for incident heart failure in patients with breast cancer receiving anthracycline chemotherapy: an observational clinical cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:2384–2390.
YoonGJ, TelliML, KaoDP, MatsudaKY, CarlsonRW, WittelesRM. Left ventricular dysfunction in patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer therapies are clinicians responding optimally? J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1644–1650.
LancellottiP, AnkerSD, DonalE, EdvardsenT, PopescuBA, FarmakisD, FilippatosG, HabibG, MaggioniAP, JerusalemG, GalderisiM. EACVI/HFA Cardiac Oncology Toxicity Registry in breast cancer patients: rationale, study design, and methodology (EACVI/HFA COT Registry)—EURObservational Research Program of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16:466–470.
