2016 • In Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 18 (11), p. 1609-1678
2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS.
Date de publication/diffusion :
novembre 2016
Titre du périodique :
Europace: European Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Electrophysiology: Journal of the Working Groups on Cardiac Pacing, Arrhythmias, and Cardiac Cellular Electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology
Chugh SS, Havmoeller R, Narayanan K, Singh D, Rienstra M, Benjamin EJ, Gillum RF, Kim YH, McAnulty JH Jr, Zheng ZJ, Forouzanfar MH, Naghavi M, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Murray CJ. Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Circulation 2014;129:837-847
Colilla S, Crow A, PetkunW, Singer DE, Simon T, Liu X. Estimates of current and future incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the U.S. adult population. Am J Cardiol 2013;112:1142-1147
Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, Kors JA, van Herpen G, Stricker BH, Stijnen T, Lip GY, Witteman JC. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J 2006;27:949-953
Lloyd-Jones DM,Wang TJ, Leip EP, Larson MG, Levy D, Vasan RS, D'Agostino RB, Massaro JM, Beiser A,Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ. Lifetime risk for development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2004;110:1042-1046
Go AS, Hylek EM, Phillips KA, Chang Y, Henault LE, Selby JV, Singer DE. Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study. JAMA 2001;285:2370-2375
Krijthe BP, Kunst A, Benjamin EJ, Lip GY, Franco OH, Hofman A, Witteman JC, Stricker BH, Heeringa J. Projections on the number of individuals with atrial fibrillation in the European Union, from 2000 to 2060. Eur Heart J 2013;34: 2746-2751
Zoni-Berisso M, Lercari F, Carazza T, Domenicucci S. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: European perspective. Clin Epidemiol 2014;6:213-220
Bjorck S, Palaszewski B, Friberg L, Bergfeldt L. Atrial fibrillation, stroke risk, and warfarin therapy revisited: a population-based study. Stroke 2013;44:3103-3108
Haim M, Hoshen M, Reges O, Rabi Y, Balicer R, Leibowitz M. Prospective national study of the prevalence, incidence, management and outcome of a large contemporary cohort of patients with incident non-valvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2015;4:e001486
McManus DD, Rienstra M, Benjamin EJ. An update on the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2012;126:e143-146
Ball J, Carrington MJ, McMurray JJ, Stewart S. Atrial fibrillation: profile and burden of an evolving epidemic in the 21st century. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1807-1824
Kannel WB,Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:2N-9N
Nguyen TN, Hilmer SN, Cumming RG. Review of epidemiology and management of atrial fibrillation in developing countries. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:2412-2420
Oldgren J, Healey JS, Ezekowitz M, Commerford P, Avezum A, Pais P, Zhu J, Jansky P, Sigamani A, Morillo CA, Liu L, Damasceno A, Grinvalds A, Nakamya J, Reilly PA, Keltai K, Van Gelder IC, Yusufali AH, Watanabe E, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S, RE-LY Atrial Fibrillation Registry Investigators. Variations in cause and management of atrial fibrillation in a prospective registry of 15,400 emergency department patients in 46 countries: the RE-LY Atrial Fibrillation Registry. Circulation 2014;129:1568-1576
Chiang CE, Naditch-Brule L, Murin J, Goethals M, Inoue H, O'Neill J, Silva-Cardoso J, Zharinov O, Gamra H, Alam S, Ponikowski P, Lewalter T, Rosenqvist M, Steg PG. Distribution and risk profile of paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent atrial fibrillation in routine clinical practice: insight from the reallife global survey evaluating patients with atrial fibrillation international registry. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012;5:632-639
Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Vasan RS, Leip EP,Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Murabito JM, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ. Temporal relations of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure and their joint influence on mortality: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2003;107:2920-2925
Kishore A, Vail A, Majid A, Dawson J, Lees KR, Tyrrell PJ, Smith CJ. Detection of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2014;45:520-526
Sanna T, Diener HC, Passman RS, Di Lazzaro V, Bernstein RA, Morillo CA, Rymer MM, Thijs V, Rogers T, Beckers F, Lindborg K, Brachmann J, CRYSTAL AF Investigators. Cryptogenic stroke and underlying atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2478-2486
Schnabel RB, Yin X, Gona P, Larson MG, Beiser AS, McManus DD, Newton-Cheh C, Lubitz SA, Magnani JW, Ellinor PT, Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. 50 year trends in atrial fibrillation prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and mortality in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study. Lancet 2015;386:154-162
Benjamin EJ,Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB, Levy D. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1998;98:946-952
Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, McMurray JJ. A population-based study of the longterm risks associated with atrial fibrillation: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew/ Paisley study. Am J Med 2002;113:359-364
Andersson T, Magnuson A, Bryngelsson IL, Frobert O, Henriksson KM, Edvardsson N, Poci D. All-cause mortality in 272,186 patients hospitalized with incident atrial fibrillation 1995-2008: a Swedish nationwide long-term casecontrol study. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1061-1067
Kotecha D, Holmes J, Krum H, Altman DG, Manzano L, Cleland JG, Lip GY, Coats AJ, Andersson B, Kirchhof P, von Lueder TG, Wedel H, Rosano G, Shibata MC, Rigby A, Flather MD, Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group. Efficacy of beta blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet 2014;384:2235-2243
Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991;22:983-988
Krahn AD, Manfreda J, Tate RB, Mathewson FA, Cuddy TE. The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study. Am J Med 1995;98:476-484
Henriksson KM, Farahmand B, Asberg S, Edvardsson N, Terent A. Comparison of cardiovascular risk factors and survival in patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Int J Stroke 2012;7:276-281
Grond M, Jauss M, Hamann G, Stark E, Veltkamp R, Nabavi D, Horn M,Weimar C, Kohrmann M,Wachter R, Rosin L, Kirchhof P. Improved detection of silent atrial fibrillation using 72-hour Holter ECG in patients with ischemic stroke: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Stroke 2013;44:3357-3364
Ott A, Breteler MM, de Bruyne MC, van Harskamp F, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Atrial fibrillation and dementia in a population-based study. The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 1997;28:316-321
Knecht S, Oelschlager C, Duning T, Lohmann H, Albers J, Stehling C, HeindelW, Breithardt G, Berger K, Ringelstein EB, Kirchhof P,Wersching H. Atrial fibrillation in stroke-free patients is associated with memory impairment and hippocampal atrophy. Eur Heart J 2008;29:2125-2132
Ball J, Carrington MJ, Stewart S, SAFETY investigators. Mild cognitive impairment in high-risk patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: a forgotten component of clinical management? Heart 2013;99:542-547
Marzona I, O'Donnell M, Teo K, Gao P, Anderson C, Bosch J, Yusuf S. Increased risk of cognitive and functional decline in patients with atrial fibrillation: results of the ONTARGET and TRANSCEND studies. CMAJ 2012;184:E329-336
Thrall G, Lane D, Carroll D, Lip GY. Quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Am J Med 2006;119:448.e1-19
Eisenhart Rothe A, Hutt F, Baumert J, Breithardt G, Goette A, Kirchhof P, Ladwig KH. Depressed mood amplifies heart-related symptoms in persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients: a longitudinal analysis-data from the German Competence Network on Atrial Fibrillation. Europace 2015;17: 1354-1362
Steinberg BA, Kim S, Fonarow GC, Thomas L, Ansell J, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Gersh BJ, Hylek E, Naccarelli G, Go AS, Reiffel J, Chang P, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Drivers of hospitalization for patients with atrial fibrillation: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Am Heart J 2014;167:735-742.e2
Kirchhof P, Schmalowsky J, Pittrow D, Rosin L, Kirch W, Wegscheider K, Meinertz T. Management of patients wtih atrial fibrillation by primary care physicians in Germany: 1-year results of the ATRIUM registry. Clin Cardiol 2014;37: 277-284
Stewart S, Murphy N, Walker A, McGuire A, McMurray JJV. Cost of an emerging epidemic: an economic analysis of atrial fibrillation in the UK. Heart 2004;90: 286-292
Kim MH, Johnston SS, Chu BC, Dalal MR, Schulman KL. Estimation of total incremental health care costs in patients with atrial fibrillation in the United States. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2011;4:313-320
Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146:857-867
Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Hoffman EB, Deenadayalu N, Ezekowitz MD, Camm AJ, Weitz JI, Lewis BS, Parkhomenko A, Yamashita T, Antman EM. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 2014;383: 955-962
Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Crijns HJ, Kuck KH, Vardas P,Wegscheider K. Improving outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: rationale and design of the Early treatment of Atrial fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial. Am Heart J 2013; 166:442-448
Al-Khatib SM, Allen LaPointe NM, Chatterjee R, Crowley MJ, Dupre ME, Kong DF, Lopes RD, Povsic TJ, Raju SS, Shah B, Kosinski AS, McBroom AJ, Sanders GD. Rate-and rhythm-control therapies in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2014;160:760-773
Lip GY, Laroche C, Ioachim PM, Rasmussen LH, Vitali-Serdoz L, Petrescu L, Darabantiu D, Crijns HJ, Kirchhof P, Vardas P, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Boriani G. Prognosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation patients by European cardiologists: one year follow-up of the EURObservational Research Programme-Atrial Fibrillation General Registry Pilot Phase (EORP-AF Pilot registry). Eur Heart J 2014;35:3365-3376
Marijon E, Le Heuzey JY, Connolly S, Yang S, Pogue J, Brueckmann M, Eikelboom J, Themeles E, Ezekowitz M, Wallentin L, Yusuf S, RE-LY Investigators. Causes of death and influencing factors in patients with atrial fibrillation: a competing-risk analysis from the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy study. Circulation 2013;128:2192-2201
Senoo K, Lip GY, Lane DA, Buller HR, Kotecha D. Residual risk of stroke and death in anticoagulated patients according to the type of atrial fibrillation: AMADEUS Trial. Stroke 2015;46:2523-2528
Soliman EZ, Safford MM, Muntner P, Khodneva Y, Dawood FZ, Zakai NA, Thacker EL, Judd S, Howard VJ, Howard G, Herrington DM, Cushman M. Atrial fibrillation and the risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174: 107-114
Emdin CA, Wong CX, Hsiao AJ, Altman DG, Peters SA, Woodward M, Odutayo AA. Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ 2016;532:h7013
Ko D, Rahman F, Schnabel RB, Yin X, Benjamin EJ, Christophersen IE. Atrial fibrillation in women: epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and prognosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016;13:321-332
Andersson T, Magnuson A, Bryngelsson IL, Frobert O, Henriksson KM, Edvardsson N, Poci D. Gender-related differences in risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients hospitalized with incident atrial fibrillation without concomitant diseases: A nationwide cohort study of 9519 patients. Int J Cardiol 2014;177:91-99
Fang MC, Singer DE, Chang Y, Hylek EM, Henault LE, Jensvold NG, Go AS. Gender differences in the risk of ischemic stroke and peripheral embolism in atrial fibrillation: the AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. Circulation 2005;112:1687-1691
Pancholy SB, Sharma PS, Pancholy DS, Patel TM, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE. Meta-analysis of gender differences in residual stroke risk and major bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants. Am J Cardiol 2014;113:485-490
Potpara TS, Marinkovic JM, Polovina MM, Stankovic GR, Seferovic PM, Ostojic MC, Lip GY. Gender-related differences in presentation, treatment and long-term outcome in patients with first-diagnosed atrial fibrillation and structurally normal heart: the Belgrade atrial fibrillation study. Int J Cardiol 2012;161: 39-44
Ball J, Carrington MJ,Wood KA, Stewart S, SAFETY Investigators.Women versus men with chronic atrial fibrillation: insights from the Standard versus Atrial Fibrillation spEcific managemenT studY (SAFETY). PLoS One 2013;8:e65795
Hughes M, Lip GY. Risk factors for anticoagulation-related bleeding complications in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. QJM 2007;100:599-607
Roten L, Rimoldi SF, Schwick N, Sakata T, Heimgartner C, Fuhrer J, Delacretaz E, Tanner H. Gender differences in patients referred for atrial fibrillation management to a tertiary center. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2009;32:622-626
Forleo GB, Tondo C, De Luca L, Dello Russo A, Casella M, De Sanctis V, Clementi F, Fagundes RL, Leo R, Romeo F, Mantica M. Gender-related differences in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2007;9:613-620
Henry L, Hunt S, Holmes SD, Martin LM, Ad N. Are there gender differences in outcomes after the Cox-Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation? Innovations (Phila) 2013;8:190-198
Michelena HI, Powell BD, Brady PA, Friedman PA, Ezekowitz MD. Gender in atrial fibrillation: Ten years later. Gend Med 2010;7:206-217
Fox CS, Parise H, D'Agostino RB , Lloyd-Jones DM, Vasan RS,Wang TJ, Levy D, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ. Parental atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in offspring. JAMA 2004;291:2851-2855
Oyen N, Ranthe MF, Carstensen L, Boyd HA, Olesen MS, Olesen SP,Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M. Familial aggregation of lone atrial fibrillation in young persons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:917-921
Ellinor PT, Lunetta KL, Albert CM, Glazer NL, Ritchie MD, Smith AV, Arking DE, Muller-Nurasyid M, Krijthe BP, Lubitz SA, Bis JC, Chung MK, Dorr M, Ozaki K, Roberts JD, Smith JG, Pfeufer A, Sinner MF, Lohman K, Ding J, Smith NL, Smith JD, Rienstra M, Rice KM, Van Wagoner DR, Magnani JW, Wakili R, Clauss S, Rotter JI, Steinbeck G, Launer LJ, Davies RW, Borkovich M, Harris TB, Lin H, Volker U, Volzke H, Milan DJ, Hofman A, Boerwinkle E, Chen LY, Soliman EZ, Voight BF, Li G, Chakravarti A, Kubo M, Tedrow UB, Rose LM, Ridker PM, Conen D, Tsunoda T, Furukawa T, Sotoodehnia N, Xu S, Kamatani N, Levy D, Nakamura Y, Parvez B, Mahida S, Furie KL, Rosand J, Muhammad R, Psaty BM, Meitinger T, Perz S, Wichmann HE, Witteman JC, Kao WH, Kathiresan S, Roden DM, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, McKnight B, Sjogren M, Newman AB, Liu Y, Gollob MH, Melander O, Tanaka T, Stricker BH, Felix SB, Alonso A, Darbar D, Barnard J, Chasman DI, Heckbert SR, Benjamin EJ, Gudnason V, Kaab S. Meta-analysis identifies six new susceptibility loci for atrial fibrillation. Nat Genet 2012;44:670-675
Olesen MS, Nielsen MW, Haunso S, Svendsen JH. Atrial fibrillation: the role of common and rare genetic variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2014;22:297-306
Sinner MF, Tucker NR, Lunetta KL, Ozaki K, Smith JG, Trompet S, Bis JC, Lin H, Chung MK, Nielsen JB, Lubitz SA, Krijthe BP, Magnani JW, Ye J, Gollob MH, Tsunoda T, Muller-Nurasyid M, Lichtner P, Peters A, Dolmatova E, Kubo M, Smith JD, Psaty BM, Smith NL, Jukema JW, Chasman DI, Albert CM, Ebana Y, Furukawa T, Macfarlane PW, Harris TB, Darbar D, Dorr M, Holst AG, Svendsen JH, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Gudnason V, Isobe M, Malik R, Dichgans M, Rosand J, Van Wagoner DR, METASTROKE Consortium, AFGen Consortium, Benjamin EJ, Milan DJ, Melander O, Heckbert SR, Ford I, Liu Y, Barnard J, Olesen MS, Stricker BH, Tanaka T, Kaab S, Ellinor PT. Integrating genetic, transcriptional, and functional analyses to identify 5 novel genes for atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2014;130:1225-1235
Gudbjartsson DF, Arnar DO, Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, Holm H, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Baker A, Thorleifsson G, Kristjansson K, Palsson A, Blondal T, Sulem P, Backman VM, Hardarson GA, Palsdottir E, Helgason A, Sigurjonsdottir R, Sverrisson JT, Kostulas K, Ng MC, Baum L, So WY, Wong KS, Chan JC, Furie KL, Greenberg SM, Sale M, Kelly P, MacRae CA, Smith EE, Rosand J, Hillert J, Ma RC, Ellinor PT, Thorgeirsson G, Gulcher JR, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. Variants conferring risk of atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25. Nature 2007;448:353-357
Lubitz SA, Lunetta KL, Lin H, Arking DE, Trompet S, Li G, Krijthe BP, Chasman DI, Barnard J, Kleber ME, Dorr M, Ozaki K, Smith AV, Muller-Nurasyid M, Walter S, Agarwal SK, Bis JC, Brody JA, Chen LY, Everett BM, Ford I, Franco OH, Harris TB, Hofman A, Kaab S, Mahida S, Kathiresan S, Kubo M, Launer LJ, Macfarlane PW, Magnani JW, McKnight B, McManus DD, Peters A, Psaty BM, Rose LM, Rotter JI, Silbernagel G, Smith JD, Sotoodehnia N, Stott DJ, Taylor KD, Tomaschitz A, Tsunoda T, Uitterlinden AG, Van Wagoner DR, Volker U, Volzke H, Murabito JM, Sinner MF, Gudnason V, Felix SB, Marz W, Chung M, Albert CM, Stricker BH, Tanaka T, Heckbert SR, Jukema JW, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Ellinor PT. Novel genetic markers associate with atrial fibrillation risk in Europeans and Japanese. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:1200-1210
Lemmens R, Buysschaert I, Geelen V, Fernandez-Cadenas I, Montaner J, Schmidt H, Schmidt R, Attia J, Maguire J, Levi C, Jood K, Blomstrand C, Jern C, Wnuk M, Slowik A, Lambrechts D, Thijs V, International Stroke Genetics Consortium. The association of the 4q25 susceptibility variant for atrial fibrillation with stroke is limited to stroke of cardioembolic etiology. Stroke 2010;41:1850-1857
Tada H, Shiffman D, Smith JG, Sjogren M, Lubitz SA, Ellinor PT, Louie JZ, Catanese JJ, Engstrom G, Devlin JJ, Kathiresan S, Melander O. Twelve-single nucleotide polymorphism genetic risk score identifies individuals at increased risk for future atrial fibrillation and stroke. Stroke 2014;45:2856-2862
Wang J, Klysik E, Sood S, Johnson RL,Wehrens XH, Martin JF. Pitx2 prevents susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias by inhibiting left-sided pacemaker specification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:9753-9758
Franco D, Chinchilla A, Daimi H, Dominguez JN, Aranega A. Modulation of conductive elements by Pitx2 and their impact on atrial arrhythmogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2011;91:223-231
Kirchhof P, Kahr PC, Kaese S, Piccini I, Vokshi I, Scheld HH, Rotering H, Fortmueller L, Laakmann S, Verheule S, Schotten U, Fabritz L, Brown NA. PITX2c is expressed in the adult left atrium, and reducing Pitx2c expression promotes atrial fibrillation inducibility and complex changes in gene expression. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2011;4:123-133
Wang J, Bai Y, Li N, Ye W, Zhang M, Greene SB, Tao Y, Chen Y, Wehrens XH, Martin JF. Pitx2-microRNA pathway that delimits sinoatrial node development and inhibits predisposition to atrial fibrillation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:9181-9186
Husser D, Adams V, Piorkowski C, Hindricks G, Bollmann A. Chromosome 4q25 variants and atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:747-753
Parvez B, Shoemaker MB, Muhammad R, Richardson R, Jiang L, Blair MA, Roden DM, Darbar D. Common genetic polymorphism at 4q25 locus predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence after successful cardioversion. Heart Rhythm 2013;10: 849-855
Benjamin Shoemaker M, Muhammad R, Parvez B, White BW, Streur M, Song Y, Stubblefield T, Kucera G, Blair M, Rytlewski J, Parvathaneni S, Nagarakanti R, Saavedra P, Ellis CR, Patrick Whalen S, Roden DM, Darbar RD. Common atrial fibrillation risk alleles at 4q25 predict recurrence after catheter-based atrial fibrillation ablation. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:394-400
Parvez B, Vaglio J, Rowan S, Muhammad R, Kucera G, Stubblefield T, Carter S, Roden D, Darbar D. Symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy is modulated by a common single nucleotide polymorphism in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:539-545. 1672 ESC Guidelines
Kirchhof P, Sipido KR, Cowie MR, Eschenhagen T, Fox KA, Katus H, Schroeder S, Schunkert H, Priori S, ESC CRT R and D and European Affairs Work Shop on Personalized Medicine. The continuum of personalized cardiovascular medicine: a position paper of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2014;35: 3250-3257
Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Aliot E, Al Khatib S, Apostolakis S, Auricchio A, Bailleul C, Bax J, Benninger G, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Boersma L, Boriani G, Brandes A, Brown H, Brueckmann M, Calkins H, Casadei B, Clemens A, Crijns H, Derwand R, Dobrev D, Ezekowitz M, Fetsch T, Gerth A, Gillis A, Gulizia M, Hack G, Haegeli L, Hatem S, Georg Hausler K, Heidbuchel H, Hernandez-Brichis J, Jais P, Kappenberger L, Kautzner J, Kim S, Kuck KH, Lane D, Leute A, Lewalter T, Meyer R, Mont L, Moses G, Mueller M, Munzel F, Nabauer M, Nielsen JC, Oeff M, Oto A, Pieske B, Pisters R, Potpara T, Rasmussen L, Ravens U, Reiffel J, Richard-Lordereau I, Schafer H, Schotten U, Stegink W, Stein K, Steinbeck G, Szumowski L, Tavazzi L, Themistoclakis S, Thomitzek K, Van Gelder IC, von Stritzky B, Vincent A, Werring D, Willems S, Lip GY, Camm AJ. Personalized management of atrial fibrillation: Proceedings from the fourth Atrial Fibrillation competence NETwork/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference. Europace 2013;15:1540-1556
Ackerman MJ, Priori SG, Willems S, Berul C, Brugada R, Calkins H, Camm AJ, Ellinor PT, Gollob M, Hamilton R, Hershberger RE, Judge DP, Le Marec H, McKenna WJ, Schulze-Bahr E, Semsarian C, Towbin JA, Watkins H, Wilde A, Wolpert C, Zipes DP, Heart Rhythm Society, European Heart Rhythm Association. HRS/EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies: this document was developed as a partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace 2011;13:1077-1109
Anne W, Willems R, Roskams T, Sergeant P, Herijgers P, Holemans P, Ector H, Heidbuchel H. Matrix metalloproteinases and atrial remodeling in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2005;67:655-666
Chimenti C, Russo MA, Carpi A, Frustaci A. Histological substrate of human atrial fibrillation. Biomed Pharmacother 2010;64:177-183
Nguyen BL, Fishbein MC, Chen LS, Chen PS, Masroor S. Histopathological substrate for chronic atrial fibrillation in humans. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:454-460
Frustaci A, Chimenti C, Bellocci F, Morgante E, Russo MA, Maseri A. Histological substrate of atrial biopsies in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1997; 96:1180-1184
Venteclef N, Guglielmi V, Balse E, Gaborit B, Cotillard A, Atassi F, Amour J, Leprince P, Dutour A, Clement K, Hatem SN. Human epicardial adipose tissue induces fibrosis of the atrial myocardium through the secretion of adipofibrokines. Eur Heart J 2013;36:795-805a
Rocken C, Peters B, Juenemann G, Saeger W, Klein HU, Huth C, Roessner A, Goette A. Atrial amyloidosis: an arrhythmogenic substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2002;106:2091-2097
Schotten U, Ausma J, Stellbrink C, Sabatschus I, Vogel M, Frechen D, Schoendube F, Hanrath P, Allessie MA. Cellular mechanisms of depressed atrial contractility in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001;103: 691-698
Allessie MA, de Groot NM, Houben RP, Schotten U, Boersma E, Smeets JL, Crijns HJ. Electropathological substrate of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with structural heart disease: longitudinal dissociation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:606-615
Spach MS, Josephson ME. Initiating reentry: the role of nonuniform anisotropy in small circuits. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1994;5:182-209
Shinagawa K, Shi YF, Tardif JC, Leung TK, Nattel S. Dynamic nature of atrial fibrillation substrate during development and reversal of heart failure in dogs. Circulation 2002;105:2672-2678
Lim HS, Willoughby SR, Schultz C, Gan C, Alasady M, Lau DH, Leong DP, Brooks AG, Young GD, Kistler PM, Kalman JM, Worthley MI, Sanders P. Effect of atrial fibrillation on atrial thrombogenesis in humans: impact of rate and rhythm. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:852-860
Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Siegbahn A, Granger CB,Wallentin L. Biomarkers in atrial fibrillation: a clinical review. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1475-1480
Xu J, Cui G, Esmailian F, Plunkett M, Marelli D, Ardehali A, Odim J, Laks H, Sen L. Atrial extracellular matrix remodeling and the maintenance of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2004;109:363-368
Gramley F, Lorenzen J, Plisiene J, Rakauskas M, Benetis R, Schmid M, Autschbach R, Knackstedt C, Schimpf T, Mischke K, Gressner A, Hanrath P, Kelm M, Schauerte P. Decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor expression may promote increased metalloproteinase activity with increasing duration of human atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18:1076-1082
Hatem SN, Sanders P. Epicardial adipose tissue and atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2014;102:205-213
Leone O, Boriani G, Chiappini B, Pacini D, Cenacchi G, Martin Suarez S, Rapezzi C, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Marinelli G. Amyloid deposition as a cause of atrial remodelling in persistent valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1237-1241
Dobrev D, Friedrich A, Voigt N, Jost N,Wettwer E, Christ T, Knaut M, Ravens U. The G protein-gated potassium current I(K,ACh) is constitutively active in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2005;112:3697-3706
Van Wagoner DR, Pond AL, Lamorgese M, Rossie SS, McCarthy PM, Nerbonne JM. Atrial L-type Ca2+ currents and human atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 1999;85:428-436
Schotten U, Verheule S, Kirchhof P, Goette A. Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal. Physiol Rev 2011;91:265-325
Voigt N, Heijman J, Wang Q, Chiang DY, Li N, Karck M, Wehrens XH, Nattel S, Dobrev D. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of atrial arrhythmogenesis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2014;129:145-156
Voigt N, Li N, Wang Q, Wang W, Trafford AW, Abu-Taha I, Sun Q, Wieland T, Ravens U, Nattel S, Wehrens XH, Dobrev D. Enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and increased Na+-Ca2+ exchanger function underlie delayed afterdepolarizations in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2012;125: 2059-2070
Polontchouk L, Haefliger JA, Ebelt B, Schaefer T, Stuhlmann D, Mehlhorn U, Kuhn-Regnier F, De Vivie ER, Dhein S. Effects of chronic atrial fibrillation on gap junction distribution in human and rat atria. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38: 883-891
Aime-Sempe C, Folliguet T, Rucker-Martin C, Krajewska M, Krajewska S, Heimburger M, Aubier M, Mercadier JJ, Reed JC, Hatem SN. Myocardial cell death in fibrillating and dilated human right atria. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:1577-1586
Spach MS, Heidlage JF, Barr RC, Dolber PC. Cell size and communication: role in structural and electrical development and remodeling of the heart. Heart Rhythm 2004;1:500-515
Skalidis EI, Hamilos MI, Karalis IK, Chlouverakis G, Kochiadakis GE, Vardas PE. Isolated atrial microvascular dysfunction in patients with lone recurrent atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:2053-2057
Barretto AC, Mady C, Nussbacher A, Ianni BM, Oliveira SA, Jatene A, Ramires JA. Atrial fibrillation in endomyocardial fibrosis is a marker of worse prognosis. Int J Cardiol 1998;67:19-25
Levy S. Factors predisposing to the development of atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20:2670-2674
Chen PS, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, Lin SF, Nattel S. Role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation: pathophysiology and therapy. Circ Res 2014;114: 1500-1515
Christ T, Rozmaritsa N, Engel A, Berk E, Knaut M, Metzner K, Canteras M, Ravens U, Kaumann A. Arrhythmias, elicited by catecholamines and serotonin, vanish in human chronic atrial fibrillation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111: 11193-11198
Greiser M, Kerfant BG, Williams GS, Voigt N, Harks E, Dibb KM, Giese A, Meszaros J, Verheule S, Ravens U, Allessie MA, Gammie JS, van der Velden J, Lederer WJ, Dobrev D, Schotten U. Tachycardia-induced silencing of subcellular Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes. J Clin Invest 2014;124:4759-4772
Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, Garrigue S, Le Mouroux A, Le Metayer P, Clementy J. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 1998;339: 659-666
Patterson E, Jackman WM, Beckman KJ, Lazzara R, Lockwood D, Scherlag BJ, Wu R, Po S. Spontaneous pulmonary vein firing in man: relationship to tachycardia-pause early afterdepolarizations and triggered arrhythmia in canine pulmonary veins in vitro. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18:1067-1075
Atienza F, Almendral J, Moreno J, Vaidyanathan R, Talkachou A, Kalifa J, Arenal A, Villacastin JP, Torrecilla EG, Sanchez A, Ploutz-Snyder R, Jalife J, Berenfeld O. Activation of inward rectifier potassium channels accelerates atrial fibrillation in humans: evidence for a reentrant mechanism. Circulation 2006;114:2434-2442
Mandapati R, Skanes A, Chen J, Berenfeld O, Jalife J. Stable microreentrant sources as a mechanism of atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation 2000; 101:194-199
Sahadevan J, Ryu K, Peltz L, Khrestian CM, Stewart RW, Markowitz AH, Waldo AL. Epicardial mapping of chronic atrial fibrillation in patients: preliminary observations. Circulation 2004;110:3293-3299
Sanders P, Nalliah CJ, Dubois R, Takahashi Y, Hocini M, Rotter M, Rostock T, Sacher F, Hsu LF, Jonsson A, O'Neill MD, Jais P, Haissaguerre M. Frequency mapping of the pulmonary veins in paroxysmal versus permanent atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17:965-972
Moe GK, Abildskov JA. Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharge. Am Heart J 1959;58:59-70
Cox JL, Canavan TE, Schuessler RB, Cain ME, Lindsay BD, Stone C, Smith PK, Corr PB, Boineau JP. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. II. Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping and description of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:406-426
Narayan SM, Krummen DE, Shivkumar K, Clopton P, Rappel WJ, Miller JM. Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:628-636
Haissaguerre M, Hocini M, Denis A, Shah AJ, Komatsu Y, Yamashita S, Daly M, Amraoui S, Zellerhoff S, Picat MQ, Quotb A, Jesel L, Lim H, Ploux S, Bordachar P, Attuel G, Meillet V, Ritter P, Derval N, Sacher F, Bernus O, Cochet H, Jais P, Dubois R. Driver domains in persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2014;130:530-538
Fetsch T, Bauer P, Engberding R, Koch HP, Lukl J, Meinertz T, Oeff M, Seipel L, Trappe HJ, Treese N, Breithardt G. Prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardioversion: results of the PAFAC trial. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1385-1394
Hindricks G, Piorkowski C, Tanner H, Kobza R, Gerds-Li JH, Carbucicchio C, Kottkamp H. Perception of atrial fibrillation before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation: relevance of asymptomatic arrhythmia recurrence. Circulation 2005; 112:307-313
Kirchhof P, Bax J, Blomstrom-Lundquist C, Calkins H, Camm AJ, Cappato R, Cosio F, Crijns H, Diener HC, Goette A, Israel CW, Kuck KH, Lip GY, Nattel S, Page RL, Ravens U, Schotten U, Steinbeck G, Vardas P, Waldo A, Wegscheider K, Willems S, Breithardt G. Early and comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation: executive summary of the proceedings from the 2nd AFNET-EHRA consensus conference 'research perspectives in AF'. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2969-2977c
Xiong Q, Proietti M, Senoo K, Lip GY. Asymptomatic versus symptomatic atrial fibrillation: A systematic review of age/gender differences and cardiovascular outcomes. Int J Cardiol 2015;191:172-177
Savelieva I, Camm AJ. Clinical relevance of silent atrial fibrillation: prevalence, prognosis, quality of life, and management. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2000;4: 369-382
Friberg L, Hammar N, Rosenqvist M. Stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: report from the Stockholm Cohort of Atrial Fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2010;31:967-975
Vanassche T, Lauw MN, Eikelboom JW, Healey JS, Hart RG, Alings M, Avezum A, Diaz R, Hohnloser SH, Lewis BS, Shestakovska O,Wang J, Connolly SJ. Risk of ischaemic stroke according to pattern of atrial fibrillation: analysis of 6563 aspirintreated patients in ACTIVE-A and AVERROES. Eur Heart J 2015;36:281-287a
Steinberg BA, Hellkamp AS, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Breithardt G, Hankey GJ, Becker RC, Singer DE, Halperin JL, Hacke W, Nessel CC, Berkowitz SD, Mahaffey KW, Fox KA, Califf RM, Piccini JP. Higher risk of death and stroke in patients with persistent vs. paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: results from the ROCKET-AF Trial. Eur Heart J 2015;36:288-296
Fitzmaurice DA, Hobbs FD, Jowett S, Mant J, Murray ET, Holder R, Raftery JP, Bryan S, Davies M, Lip GY, Allan TF. Screening versus routine practice in detection of atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2007;335:383
Rizos T, Guntner J, Jenetzky E, Marquardt L, Reichardt C, Becker R, Reinhardt R, Hepp T, Kirchhof P, Aleynichenko E, Ringleb P, HackeW, Veltkamp R. Continuous stroke unit electrocardiographic monitoring versus 24-hour Holter electrocardiography for detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after stroke. Stroke 2012;43: 2689-2694
Gladstone DJ, Spring M, Dorian P, Panzov V, Thorpe KE, Hall J, Vaid H, O'Donnell M, Laupacis A, Cote R, Sharma M, Blakely JA, Shuaib A, Hachinski V, Coutts SB, Sahlas DJ, Teal P, Yip S, Spence JD, Buck B, Verreault S, Casaubon LK, Penn A, Selchen D, Jin A, Howse D, Mehdiratta M, Boyle K, Aviv R, Kapral MK, Mamdani M, EMBRACE Investigators and Coordinators. Atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2467-2477
Friberg L, Engdahl J, Frykman V, Svennberg E, Levin LA, Rosenqvist M. Population screening of 75-and 76-year-old men and women for silent atrial fibrillation (STROKESTOP). Europace 2013;15:135-140
Davis RC, Hobbs FD, Kenkre JE, Roalfe AK, Iles R, Lip GY, Davies MK. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the general population and in high-risk groups: the ECHOES study. Europace 2012;14:1553-1559
Hobbs FD, Fitzmaurice DA, Mant J, Murray E, Jowett S, Bryan S, Raftery J, Davies M, Lip G. A randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness study of systematic screening (targeted and total population screening) versus routine practice for the detection of atrial fibrillation in people aged 65 and over. The SAFE study. Health Technol Assess 2005;9:iii-iv, ix-x, 1-74
Aronsson M, Svennberg E, Rosenqvist M, Engdahl J, Al-Khalili F, Friberg L, Frykman-Kull V, Levin LA. Cost-effectiveness of mass screening for untreated atrial fibrillation using intermittent ECG recording. Europace 2015;17:1023-1029
Levin LA, Husberg M, Sobocinski PD, Kull VF, Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Davidson T. A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for silent atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke. Europace 2015;17:207-214
Lowres N, Neubeck L, Redfern J, Freedman SB. Screening to identify unknown atrial fibrillation. A systematic review. Thromb Haemost 2013;110:213-222
Engdahl J, Andersson L, Mirskaya M, Rosenqvist M. Stepwise screening of atrial fibrillation in a 75-year-old population: implications for stroke prevention. Circulation 2013;127:930-937
Kaleschke G, Hoffmann B, Drewitz I, Steinbeck G, Naebauer M, Goette A, Breithardt G, Kirchhof P. Prospective, multicentre validation of a simple, patientoperated electrocardiographic system for the detection of arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes. Europace 2009;11:1362-1368
Tieleman RG, Plantinga Y, Rinkes D, Bartels GL, Posma JL, Cator R, Hofman C, Houben RP. Validation and clinical use of a novel diagnostic device for screening of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2014;16:1291-1295
Barrett PM, Komatireddy R, Haaser S, Topol S, Sheard J, Encinas J, Fought AJ, Topol EJ. Comparison of 24-hour Holter monitoring with 14-day novel adhesive patch electrocardiographic monitoring. Am J Med 2014;127:95.e11-97
Lowres N, Neubeck L, Salkeld G, Krass I, McLachlan AJ, Redfern J, Bennett AA, Briffa T, Bauman A, Martinez C, Wallenhorst C, Lau JK, Brieger DB, Sy RW, Freedman SB. Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of stroke prevention through community screening for atrial fibrillation using iPhone ECG in pharmacies. The SEARCH-AF study. Thromb Haemost 2014;111:1167-1176
Quinn FR, Gladstone D. Screening for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation in the community. Curr Opin Cardiol 2014;29:28-35
Healey JS, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Israel CW, Van Gelder IC, Capucci A, Lau CP, Fain E, Yang S, Bailleul C, Morillo CA, Carlson M, Themeles E, Kaufman ES, Hohnloser SH, ASSERT Investigators. Subclinical atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke. N Engl J Med 2012;366:120-129
Hindricks G, Pokushalov E, Urban L, Taborsky M, Kuck KH, Lebedev D, Rieger G, Purerfellner H. Performance of a new leadless implantable cardiac monitor in detecting and quantifying atrial fibrillation-results of the XPECT trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:141-147
Brambatti M, Connolly SJ, Gold MR, Morillo CA, Capucci A, Muto C, Lau CP, Van Gelder IC, Hohnloser SH, Carlson M, Fain E, Nakamya J, Mairesse GH, Halytska M, Deng WQ, IsraelCW, Healey JS, ASSERT Investigators. Temporal relationship between subclinical atrial fibrillation and embolic events. Circulation 2014;129: 2094-2099
Boriani G, Glotzer TV, Santini M, West TM, De Melis M, Sepsi M, Gasparini M, Lewalter T, Camm JA, Singer DE. Device-detected atrial fibrillation and risk for stroke: an analysis of .10,000 patients from the SOS AF project (Stroke preventiOn Strategies based on Atrial Fibrillation information from implanted devices). Eur Heart J 2014;35:508-516
Santini M, Gasparini M, Landolina M, Lunati M, Proclemer A, Padeletti L, Catanzariti D, Molon G, Botto GL, La Rocca L, Grammatico A, Boriani G. Devicedetected atrial tachyarrhythmias predict adverse outcome in real-world patients with implantable biventricular defibrillators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:167-172
Daoud EG, Glotzer TV, Wyse DG, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, Koehler J, Ziegler PD. Temporal relationship of atrial tachyarrhythmias, cerebrovascular events, and systemic emboli based on stored device data: a subgroup analysis of TRENDS. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:1416-1423
Glotzer TV, Daoud EG, Wyse DG, Singer DE, Ezekowitz MD, Hilker C, Miller C, Qi D, Ziegler PD. The relationship between daily atrial tachyarrhythmia burden from implantable device diagnostics and stroke risk: the TRENDS study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:474-480
Lamas G. How much atrial fibrillation is too much atrial fibrillation? N Engl J Med 2012;366:178-180
Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Van Gelder IC, Bax J, Hylek E, Kaab S, Schotten U, Wegscheider K, Boriani G, Brandes A, Ezekowitz M, Diener H, Haegeli L, Heidbuchel H, Lane D, Mont L, Willems S, Dorian P, Aunes-Jansson M, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Borentain M, Breitenstein S, Brueckmann M, Cater N, Clemens A, Dobrev D, Dubner S, Edvardsson NG, Friberg L, Goette A, Gulizia M, Hatala R, Horwood J, Szumowski L, Kappenberger L, Kautzner J, Leute A, Lobban T, Meyer R, Millerhagen J, Morgan J, Muenzel F, Nabauer M, Baertels C, Oeff M, Paar D, Polifka J, Ravens U, Rosin L, Stegink W, Steinbeck G, Vardas P, Vincent A, Walter M, Breithardt G, Camm AJ. Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options-A report from the 3rd Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork/ European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference. Europace 2012;14:8-27
Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Van Gelder IC, Bax J, Hylek E, Kaab S, Schotten U, Wegscheider K, Boriani G, Ezekowitz M, Diener H, Heidbuchel H, Lane D, Mont L, Willems S, Dorian P, Vardas P, Breithardt G, Camm AJ. Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options. Executive summary of the report from the 3rd AFNET/EHRA consensus conference. Thromb Haemost 2011;106:1012-1019. 1674 ESC Guidelines
Sposato LA, Cipriano LE, Saposnik G, Ruiz Vargas E, Riccio PM, Hachinski V. Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation after stroke and transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2015;14:377-387
Thijs VN, Brachmann J, Morillo CA, Passman RS, Sanna T, Bernstein RA, Diener HC, Di Lazzaro V, Rymer MM, Hogge L, Rogers TB, Ziegler PD, Assar MD. Predictors for atrial fibrillation detection after cryptogenic stroke: Results from CRYSTAL AF. Neurology 2016;86:261-269
Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993;24:35-41
Hart RG, Diener HC, Coutts SB, Easton JD, Granger CB, O'Donnell MJ, Sacco RL, Connolly SJ, Cryptogenic Stroke/ESUS International Working Group. Embolic strokes of undetermined source: the case for a new clinical construct. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:429-438
Mant J, Fitzmaurice DA, Hobbs FD, Jowett S, Murray ET, Holder R, Davies M, Lip GY. Accuracy of diagnosing atrial fibrillation on electrocardiogram by primary care practitioners and interpretative diagnostic software: analysis of data from screening for atrial fibrillation in the elderly (SAFE) trial. BMJ 2007;335:380
Israel CW, Gronefeld G, Ehrlich JR, Li YG, Hohnloser SH. Long-term risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation as documented by an implantable monitoring device: implications for optimal patient care. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:47-52
Svennberg E, Engdahl J, Al-Khalili F, Friberg L, Frykman V, Rosenqvist M. Mass Screening for Untreated Atrial Fibrillation: The STROKESTOP Study. Circulation 2015;131:2176-2184
Bun SS, Latcu DG, Marchlinski F, Saoudi N. Atrial flutter: more than just one of a kind. Eur Heart J 2015;36:2356-2363
Granada J, UribeW, Chyou PH, Maassen K, Vierkant R, Smith PN, Hayes J, Eaker E, Vidaillet H. Incidence and predictors of atrial flutter in the general population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:2242-2246
Halligan SC, Gersh BJ, Brown RD Jr, Rosales AG, Munger TM, Shen WK, Hammill SC, Friedman PA. The natural history of lone atrial flutter. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:265-268
Jahangir A, Lee V, Friedman PA, Trusty JM, Hodge DO, Kopecky SL, Packer DL, Hammill SC, Shen WK, Gersh BJ. Long-term progression and outcomes with aging in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a 30-year follow-up study. Circulation 2007;115:3050-3056
Gillis AM, Rose MS. Temporal patterns of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following DDDR pacemaker implantation. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:1445-1450
Charitos EI, Purerfellner H, Glotzer TV, Ziegler PD. Clinical classifications of atrial fibrillation poorly reflect its temporal persistence: insights from 1,195 patients continuously monitored with implantable devices. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63: 2840-2848
Banerjee A, Taillandier S, Olesen JB, Lane DA, Lallemand B, Lip GY, Fauchier L. Pattern of atrial fibrillation and risk of outcomes: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:2682-2687
Lee G, Sanders P, Kalman JM. Catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias: state of the art. Lancet 2012;380:1509-1519
Wyse DG, Van Gelder IC, Ellinor PT, Go AS, Kalman JM, Narayan SM, Nattel S, Schotten U, Rienstra M. Lone atrial fibrillation: does it exist? J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:1715-1723
Andrade J, Khairy P, Dobrev D, Nattel S. The clinical profile and pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation: relationships among clinical features, epidemiology, and mechanisms. Circ Res 2014;114:1453-1468
Chao TF, Suenari K, Chang SL, Lin YJ, Lo LW, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Tai CT, Tsao HM, Li CH, Ueng KC, Wu TJ, Chen SA. Atrial substrate properties and outcome of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation associated with diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose. Am J Cardiol 2010;106:1615-1620
Albertsen IE, Rasmussen LH, Lane DA, Overvad TF, Skjoth F, Overvad K, Lip GY, Larsen TB. The impact of smoking on thromboembolism and mortality in patients with incident atrial fibrillation: insights from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health study. Chest 2014;145:559-566
Overvad TF, Rasmussen LH, Skjoth F, Overvad K, Albertsen IE, Lane DA, Lip GY, Larsen TB. Alcohol intake and prognosis of atrial fibrillation. Heart 2013;99: 1093-1099
Daccarett M, Badger TJ, Akoum N, Burgon NS, Mahnkopf C, Vergara G, Kholmovski E, McGann CJ, Parker D, Brachmann J, Macleod RS, Marrouche NF. Association of left atrial fibrosis detected by delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:831-838
Neilan TG, Shah RV, Abbasi SA, Farhad H, Groarke JD, Dodson JA, Coelho-Filho O, McMullan CJ, Heydari B, Michaud GF, John RM, van der Geest R, Steigner ML, Blankstein R, Jerosch-Herold M, Kwong RY. The incidence, pattern, and prognostic value of left ventricular myocardial scar by late gadolinium enhancement in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62: 2205-2214
Marrouche NF, Wilber D, Hindricks G, Jais P, Akoum N, Marchlinski F, Kholmovski E, Burgon N, Hu N, Mont L, Deneke T, Duytschaever M, Neumann T, Mansour M, Mahnkopf C, Herweg B, Daoud E, Wissner E, Bansmann P, Brachmann J. Association of atrial tissue fibrosis identified by delayed enhancement MRI and atrial fibrillation catheter ablation: the DECAAF study. JAMA 2014;311:498-506
Bonizzi P, Zeemering S, Karel JM, Di Marco LY, Uldry L, Van Zaen J, Vesin JM, Schotten U. Systematic comparison of non-invasive measures for the assessment of atrial fibrillation complexity: a step forward towards standardization of atrial fibrillation electrogram analysis. Europace 2014;17:318-325
Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Bax J, Benninger G, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Boriani G, Brandes A, Brown H, Brueckmann M, Calkins H, Calvert M, Christoffels V, Crijns H, Dobrev D, Ellinor P, Fabritz L, Fetsch T, Freedman SB, Gerth A, Goette A, Guasch E, Hack G, Haegeli L, Hatem S, Haeusler KG, Heidbuchel H, Heinrich-Nols J, Hidden-Lucet F, Hindricks G, Juul-Moller S, Kaab S, Kappenberger L, Kespohl S, Kotecha D, Lane DA, Leute A, Lewalter T, Meyer R, Mont L, Munzel F, Nabauer M, Nielsen JC, Oeff M, Oldgren J, Oto A, Piccini JP, Pilmeyer A, Potpara T, Ravens U, Reinecke H, Rostock T, Rustige J, Savelieva I, Schnabel R, Schotten U, Schwichtenberg L, Sinner MF, Steinbeck G, Stoll M, Tavazzi L, Themistoclakis S, Tse HF, Van Gelder IC, Vardas PE, Varpula T, Vincent A,Werring D, Willems S, Ziegler A, Lip GY, Camm AJ. A roadmap to improve the quality of atrial fibrillation management: proceedings from the fifth Atrial Fibrillation Network/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus conference. Europace 2016;18:37-50
Fabritz L, Guasch E, Antoniades C, Bardinet I, Benninger G, Betts TR, Brand E, Breithardt G, Bucklar-Suchankova G, Camm AJ, Cartlidge D, Casadei B, Chua WW, Crijns HJ, Deeks J, Hatem S, Hidden-Lucet F, Kaab S, Maniadakis N, Martin S, Mont L, Reinecke H, Sinner MF, Schotten U, Southwood T, Stoll M, Vardas P, Wakili R, West A, Ziegler A, Kirchhof P. Expert consensus document: Defining the major health modifiers causing atrial fibrillation: a roadmap to underpin personalized prevention and treatment. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016;13:230-237
Dorian P, Jung W, Newman D, Paquette M, Wood K, Ayers GM, Camm J, Akhtar M, Luderitz B. The impairment of health-related quality of life in patients with intermittent atrial fibrillation: implications for the assessment of investigational therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1303-1309
Sears SF, Serber ER, Alvarez LG, Schwartzman DS, Hoyt RH, Ujhelyi MR. Understanding atrial symptom reports: objective versus subjective predictors. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005;28:801-807
Peinado R, Arribas F, Ormaetxe JM, Badia X. Variation in quality of life with type of atrial fibrillation. Rev Esp Cardiol 2010;63:1402-1409
Steg PG, Alam S, Chiang CE, Gamra H, Goethals M, Inoue H, Krapf L, Lewalter T, Merioua I, Murin J, Naditch-Brule L, Ponikowski P, Rosenqvist M, Silva-Cardoso J, Zharinov O, Brette S, Neill JO, RealiseAF investigators. Symptoms, functional status and quality of life in patients with controlled and uncontrolled atrial fibrillation: data from the RealiseAF cross-sectional international registry. Heart 2012;98: 195-201
Gronefeld GC, Lilienthal J, Kuck KH, Hohnloser SH, Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF) Study investigators. Impact of rate versus rhythm control on quality of life in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Results from a prospective randomized study. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1430-1436
Pepine CJ. Effects of pharmacologic therapy on health-related quality of life in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of randomized and nonrandomized trials. Clin Med Insights Cardiol 2013;7:1-20
Hagens VE, Ranchor AV, Van Sonderen E, Bosker HA, Kamp O, Tijssen JG, Kingma JH, Crijns HJ, Van Gelder IC, RACE Study Group. Effect of rate or rhythm control on quality of life in persistent atrial fibrillation. Results from the Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion (RACE) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43: 241-247
Weerasooriya R, Davis M, Powell A, Szili-Torok T, Shah C, Whalley D, Kanagaratnam L, HeddleW, Leitch J, Perks A, Ferguson L, Bulsara M. The Australian intervention randomized control of rate in atrial fibrillation trial (AIRCRAFT). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1697-1702
Jones DG, Haldar SK, Hussain W, Sharma R, Francis DP, Rahman-Haley SL, McDonagh TA, Underwood SR, Markides V, Wong T. A randomized trial to assess catheter ablation versus rate control in the management of persistent atrial fibrillation in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:1894-1903
Rienstra M, Lubitz SA, Mahida S, Magnani JW, Fontes JD, Sinner MF, Van Gelder IC, Ellinor PT, Benjamin EJ. Symptoms and functional status of patients with atrial fibrillation: state of the art and future research opportunities. Circulation 2012;125: 2933-2943
Arribas F, Ormaetxe JM, Peinado R, Perulero N, Ramirez P, Badia X. Validation of the AF-QoL, a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2010;12:364-370
Spertus J, Dorian P, Bubien R, Lewis S, Godejohn D, Reynolds MR, Lakkireddy DR, Wimmer AP, Bhandari A, Burk C. Development and validation of the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) Questionnaire in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:15-25
Dorian P, Burk C, Mullin CM, Bubien R, Godejohn D, Reynolds MR, Lakkireddy DR, Wimmer AP, Bhandari A, Spertus J. Interpreting changes in quality of life in atrial fibrillation: How much change is meaningful? Am Heart J 2013;166: 381-387.e8
Ware JE Jr, Gandek B. Overview of the SF-36 Health Survey and the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. J Clin Epidemiol 1998;51:903-912
Herdman M, Gudex C, Lloyd A, Janssen M, Kind P, Parkin D, Bonsel G, Badia X. Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L). Qual Life Res 2011;20:1727-1736
Kirchhof P, Auricchio A, Bax J, Crijns H, Camm J, Diener HC, Goette A, Hindricks G, Hohnloser S, Kappenberger L, Kuck KH, Lip GY, Olsson B, Meinertz T, Priori S, Ravens U, Steinbeck G, Svernhage E, Tijssen J, Vincent A, Breithardt G. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2803-2817
Dorian P, Cvitkovic SS, Kerr CR, Crystal E, Gillis AM, Guerra PG, Mitchell LB, Roy D, Skanes AC, Wyse DG. A novel, simple scale for assessing the symptom severity of atrial fibrillation at the bedside: the CCS-SAF scale. Can J Cardiol 2006;22:383-386
Kirchhof P, Ammentorp B, Darius H, De Caterina R, Le Heuzey JY, Schilling RJ, Schmitt J, Zamorano JL. Management of atrial fibrillation in seven European countries after the publication of the 2010 ESC Guidelines on atrial fibrillation: primary results of the PREvention oF thromboemolic events-European Registry in Atrial Fibrillation (PREFER in AF). Europace 2014;16:6-14
Lip GY, Laroche C, Popescu MI, Rasmussen LH, Vitali-Serdoz L, Dan GA, Kalarus Z, Crijns HJ, Oliveira MM, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Boriani G. Improved outcomes with European Society of Cardiology guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation: a report from the EORP-AF General Pilot Registry. Europace 2015;17:1777-1786
Freeman JV, Simon DN, Go AS, Spertus J, Fonarow GC, Gersh BJ, Hylek EM, Kowey PR, MahaffeyKW, Thomas LE, Chang P, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Investigators and Patients. Association Between Atrial Fibrillation Symptoms, Quality of Life, and Patient Outcomes: Results From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2015;8:393-402
Boriani G, Laroche C, Diemberger I, Fantecchi E, Popescu MI, Rasmussen LH, Sinagra G, Petrescu L, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Lip GY. Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: clinical correlates, management, and outcomes in the EORP-AF Pilot General Registry. Am J Med 2015;128:509-518 e2
Szymanski FM, Filipiak KJ, Karpinski G, Platek AE, Opolski G. Occurrence of poor sleep quality in atrial fibrillation patients according to the EHRA score. Acta Cardiol 2014;69:291-296
Wynn GJ, Todd DM,Webber M, Bonnett L, McShane J, Kirchhof P, Gupta D. The European Heart Rhythm Association symptom classification for atrial fibrillation: validation and improvement through a simple modification. Europace 2014;16: 965-972
Meinertz T, KirchW, Rosin L, Pittrow D, Willich SN, Kirchhof P, ATRIUM investigators. Management of atrial fibrillation by primary care physicians in Germany: baseline results of the ATRIUM registry. Clin Res Cardiol 2011;100:897-905
Nabauer M, Gerth A, Limbourg T, Schneider S, Oeff M, Kirchhof P, Goette A, Lewalter T, Ravens U, Meinertz T, Breithardt G, Steinbeck G. The Registry of the German Competence NETwork on Atrial Fibrillation: Patient characteristics and initial management. Europace 2009;11:423-434
von Eisenhart Rothe AF, Goette A, Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Limbourg T, Calvert M, Baumert J, Ladwig KH. Depression in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation patients: a cross-sectional comparison of patients enroled in two large clinical trials. Europace 2014;16:812-819
Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Lau DH, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Twomey D, Alasady M, Hanley L, Antic NA, McEvoy RD, Kalman JM, Abhayaratna WP, Sanders P. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: the ARREST-AF cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:2222-2231
Abed HS, Wittert GA, Leong DP, Shirazi MG, Bahrami B, Middeldorp ME, Lorimer MF, Lau DH, Antic NA, Brooks AG, Abhayaratna WP, Kalman JM, Sanders P. Effect of weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management on symptom burden and severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013;310:2050-2060
Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Kuller LH, Kronmal RA, Cushman M, Fried LP, White R, Furberg CD, Rautaharju PM. Incidence of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in older adults. Circulation 1997;96:2455-2461
Selmer C, Olesen JB, Hansen ML, Lindhardsen J, Olsen AM, Madsen JC, Faber J, Hansen PR, Pedersen OD, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH. The spectrum of thyroid disease and risk of new onset atrial fibrillation: a large population cohort study. BMJ 2012;345:e7895
Kim EJ, Lyass A,Wang N, Massaro JM, Fox CS, Benjamin EJ, Magnani JW. Relation of hypothyroidism and incident atrial fibrillation (from the Framingham Heart Study). Am Heart J 2014;167:123-126
Vermond RA, Geelhoed B, Verweij N, Tieleman RG, Van der Harst P, Hillege HL, Van Gilst WH, Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M. Incidence of atrial fibrillation and relationship with cardiovascular events, heart failure, and mortality: A communitybased study from the netherlands. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:1000-1007
Buch P, Friberg J, Scharling H, Lange P, Prescott E. Reduced lung function and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur Respir J 2003;21: 1012-1016
Gami AS, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Olson EJ, Nykodym J, Kara T, Somers VK. Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:565-571
Chamberlain AM, Agarwal SK, Folsom AR, Duval S, Soliman EZ, Ambrose M, Eberly LE, Alonso A. Smoking and incidence of atrial fibrillation: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Heart Rhythm 2011;8: 1160-1166
Larsson SC, Drca N,Wolk A. Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: a prospective study and dose-response meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64: 281-289
Aizer A, Gaziano JM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Albert CM. Relation of vigorous exercise to risk of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2009;103:1572-1577
Guha K, McDonagh T. Heart failure epidemiology: European perspective. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013;9:123-127
Braunschweig F, Cowie MR, Auricchio A. What are the costs of heart failure? Europace 2011;13:ii13-17
Wodchis WP, Bhatia RS, Leblanc K, Meshkat N, Morra D. A review of the cost of atrial fibrillation. Value Health 2012;15:240-248
Kotecha D, Piccini JP. Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: what should we do? Eur Heart J 2015;36:3250-3257
Olsson LG, Swedberg K, Ducharme A, Granger CB, Michelson EL, McMurray JJ, Puu M, Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA. Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the Candesartan in Heart failure-Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1997-2004
Kotecha D, Chudasama R, Lane DA, Kirchhof P, Lip GY. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure due to reduced versus preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of death and adverse outcomes. Int J Cardiol 2016;203: 660-666
Mamas MA, Caldwell JC, Chacko S, Garratt CJ, Fath-Ordoubadi F, Neyses L. A meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2009;11:676-683
Lip GY, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JR, Le Heuzey JY, Potpara T, Svendsen JH, Vos MA, Anker SD, Coats AJ, Haverkamp W, Manolis AS, Chung MK, Sanders P, Pieske B, Gorenek B, Lane D, Boriani G, Linde C, Hindricks G, Tsutsui H, Homma S, Brownstein S, Nielsen JC, Lainscak M, Crespo-Leiro M, Piepoli M, Seferovic P, Savelieva I. European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2016;18:12-36
McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR, Rouleau JL, Shi VC, Solomon SD, Swedberg K, Zile MR, PARADIGM-HF Investigators and Committees. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 2014;371:993-1004
Ziff OJ, Lane DA, Samra M, Griffith M, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Steeds RP, Townend J, Kotecha D. Safety and efficacy of digoxin: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and controlled trial data. BMJ 2015;351:h4451
Anselmino M, Matta M, D'Ascenzo F, Bunch TJ, Schilling RJ, Hunter RJ, Pappone C, Neumann T, Noelker G, Fiala M, Bertaglia E, Frontera A, Duncan E, Nalliah C, ESC Guidelines
Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Falk V, González-Juanatey JR, Harjola V-P, Jankowska EA, Jessup M, Linde C, Nihoyannopoulos P, Parissis JT, Pieske B, Riley JP, Rosano GMC, Ruilope LM, Ruschitzka F, Rutten FH, van der Meer P, The Task Force for the diagnosis and teatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2129-2200
Baber U, Howard VJ, Halperin JL, Soliman EZ, Zhang X, McClellan W, Warnock DG, Muntner P. Association of chronic kidney disease with atrial fibrillation among adults in the United States: REasons for Geographic and Racial ferences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4: 26-32. Dif 1676
Jais P,Weerasooriya R, Kalman JM, Gaita F. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:1011-1018
Ganesan AN, Nandal S, Luker J, Pathak RK, Mahajan R, Twomey D, Lau DH, Sanders P. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with concomitant left ventricular impairment: a systematic review of efficacy and effect on ejection fraction. Heart Lung Circ 2015;24:270-280
Khan MN, Jais P, Cummings J, Di Biase L, Sanders P, Martin DO, Kautzner J, Hao S, Themistoclakis S, Fanelli R, Potenza D, Massaro R, Wazni O, Schweikert R, Saliba W, Wang P, Al-Ahmad A, Beheiry S, Santarelli P, Starling RC, Dello Russo A, Pelargonio G, Brachmann J, Schibgilla V, Bonso A, Casella M, Raviele A, Haissaguerre M, Natale A, PABA-CHF Investigators. Pulmonary-vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:1778-1785
Gupta S, Figueredo VM. Tachycardia mediated cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology, mechanisms, clinical features and management. Int J Cardiol 2014;172:40-46
Kusunose K, Yamada H, Nishio S, Tomita N, Niki T, Yamaguchi K, Koshiba K, Yagi S, Taketani Y, Iwase T, Soeki T,Wakatsuki T, Akaike M, Sata M. Clinical utility of single-beat E/e' obtained by simultaneous recording of flow and tissue Doppler velocities in atrial fibrillation with preserved systolic function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:1147-1156
Li C, Zhang J, Zhou C, Huang L, Tang H, Rao L. Will simultaneous measurement of E/e' index facilitate the non-invasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressure in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation? Eur J Echocardiogr 2010;11: 296-301
Senechal M, O'Connor K, Deblois J, Magne J, Dumesnil JG, Pibarot P, Bergeron S, Poirier P. A simple Doppler echocardiography method to evaluate pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography 2008;25: 57-63
Sohn DW, Song JM, Zo JH, Chai IH, Kim HS, Chun HG, Kim HC. Mitral annulus velocity in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in atrial fibrillation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1999;12:927-931
Wada Y, Murata K, Tanaka T, Nose Y, Kihara C, Uchida K, Okuda S, Susa T, Kishida Y, Matsuzaki M. Simultaneous Doppler tracing of transmitral inflow and mitral annular velocity as an estimate of elevated left ventricular filling pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ J 2012;76:675-681
Kelly JP, Mentz RJ, Mebazaa A, Voors AA, Butler J, Roessig L, Fiuzat M, Zannad F, Pitt B, O'Connor CM, Lam CS. Patient selection in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:1668-1682
Schneider MP, Hua TA, Bohm M,Wachtell K, Kjeldsen SE, Schmieder RE. Prevention of atrial fibrillation by Renin-Angiotensin system inhibition a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2299-2307
Healey JS, Baranchuk A, Crystal E, Morillo CA, Garfinkle M, Yusuf S, Connolly SJ. Prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45: 1832-1839
Jibrini MB, Molnar J, Arora RR. Prevention of atrial fibrillation by way of abrogation of the renin-angiotensin system: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Ther 2008;15:36-43
Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA, Cohen-Solal A, Granger CB, Maggioni AP, Michelson EL, McMurray JJ, Olsson L, Rouleau JL, Young JB, Olofsson B, Puu M, Yusuf S, CHARM Investigators. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J 2006;152:86-92
GISSI-AF Investigators, Disertori M, Latini R, Barlera S, Franzosi MG, Staszewsky L, Maggioni AP, Lucci D, Di Pasquale G, Tognoni G. Valsartan for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1606-1617
Goette A, Schon N, Kirchhof P, Breithardt G, Fetsch T, Hausler KG, Klein HU, Steinbeck G,Wegscheider K, Meinertz T. Angiotensin II-antagonist in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (ANTIPAF) trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012;5:43-51
Active I Investigators, Yusuf S, Healey JS, Pogue J, Chrolavicius S, Flather M, Hart RG, Hohnloser SH, Joyner CD, Pfeffer MA, Connolly SJ. Irbesartan in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:928-938
Swedberg K, Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, van Veldhuisen DJ, Shi H, Vincent J, Pitt B. Eplerenone and atrial fibrillation in mild systolic heart failure: results from the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1598-1603
Goette A, Staack T, Rocken C, Arndt M, Geller JC, Huth C, Ansorge S, Klein HU, Lendeckel U. Increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and angiotensin-converting enzyme in human atria during atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1669-1677
Marott SC, Nielsen SF, Benn M, Nordestgaard BG. Antihypertensive treatment and risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study. Eur Heart J 2014;35:1205-1214
Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, Olsen MH, Hornestam B, Dahlof B, Ibsen H, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Devereux RB. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:712-719
Manolis AJ, Rosei EA, Coca A, Cifkova R, Erdine SE, Kjeldsen S, Lip GY, Narkiewicz K, Parati G, Redon J, Schmieder R, Tsioufis C, Mancia G. Hypertension and atrial fibrillation: diagnostic approach, prevention and treatment. Position paper of the Working Group 'Hypertension Arrhythmias and Thrombosis' of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2012;30:239-252
Madrid AH, Bueno MG, Rebollo JM, Marin I, Pena G, Bernal E, Rodriguez A, Cano L, Cano JM, Cabeza P, Moro C. Use of irbesartan to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation: a prospective and randomized study. Circulation 2002;106:331-336
Ueng K-C, Tsai T-P, Yu W-C, Tsai C-F, Lin M-C, Chan K-C, Chen C-Y, Wu D-J, Lin C-S, Chen S-A. Use of enalapril to facilitate sinus rhythm maintenance after external cardioversion of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Results of a prospective and controlled study. Eur Heart J 2003;24:2090-2098
Anand K, Mooss AN, Hee TT, Mohiuddin SM. Meta-analysis: inhibition of renin-angiotensin system prevents new-onset atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 2006; 152:217-222
Tveit A, Seljeflot I, Grundvold I, Abdelnoor M, Smith P, Arnesen H. Effect of candesartan and various inflammatory markers on maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:1544-1548
Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Manolio TA, Gardin JM, Smith VE, Rautaharju PM. Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects (the Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol 1994;74:236-241
Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, Antunes MJ, Baron-Esquivias G, Baumgartner H, Borger MA, Carrel TP, De Bonis M, Evangelista A, Falk V, Iung B, Lancellotti P, Pierard L, Price S, Schafers HJ, Schuler G, Stepinska J, Swedberg K, Takkenberg J, Von Oppell UO, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zembala M, Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 2012;33:2451-2496
Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Guyton RA, O'Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM, Thomas JD. 2014 AHA/ ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63: 2438-2488
Nieuwlaat R, Capucci A, Camm AJ, Olsson SB, Andresen D, DaviesDW, Cobbe S, Breithardt G, Le Heuzey JY, Prins MH, Levy S, Crijns HJ. Atrial fibrillation management: a prospective survey in ESC member countries: the Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2422-2434
Moretti M, Fabris E, Morosin M, Merlo M, Barbati G, Pinamonti B, Gatti G, Pappalardo A, Sinagra G. Prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation and severity of symptoms of heart failure in patients with low gradient aortic stenosis and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol 2014;114:1722-1728
Ngaage DL, Schaff HV, Mullany CJ, Barnes S, Dearani JA, Daly RC, Orszulak TA, Sundt TM. Influence of preoperative atrial fibrillation on late results of mitral repair: is concomitant ablation justified? Ann Thorac Surg 2007;84:434-442; discussion 442-433
Ngaage DL, Schaff HV, Barnes SA, Sundt TM, Mullany CJ, Dearani JA, Daly RC, Orszulak TA. Prognostic implications of preoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: is there an argument for concomitant arrhythmia surgery? Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:1392-1399
Eguchi K, Ohtaki E, Matsumura T, Tanaka K, Tohbaru T, Iguchi N, Misu K, Asano R, Nagayama M, Sumiyoshi T, Kasegawa H, Hosoda S. Pre-operative atrial fibrillation as the key determinant of outcome of mitral valve repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1866-1872
Lim E, Barlow CW, Hosseinpour AR, Wisbey C, Wilson K, Pidgeon W, Charman S, Barlow JB,Wells FC. Influence of atrial fibrillation on outcome following mitral valve repair. Circulation 2001;104:I59-63
Maan A, Heist EK, Passeri J, Inglessis I, Baker J, Ptaszek L, Vlahakes G, Ruskin JN, Palacios I, Sundt T, Mansour M. Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcomes in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Am J Cardiol 2015;115: 220-226
Barbash IM, Minha S, Ben-Dor I, Dvir D, Torguson R, Aly M, Bond E, Satler LF, Pichard AD, Waksman R. Predictors and clinical implications of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015;85:468-477
Halperin JL, Hart RG. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: new ideas, persisting dilemmas. Stroke 1988;19:937-941
Messika-Zeitoun D, Bellamy M, Avierinos JF, Breen J, Eusemann C, Rossi A, Behrenbeck T, Scott C, Tajik JA, Enriquez-Sarano M. Left atrial remodelling in mitral regurgitation-methodologic approach, physiological determinants, and outcome implications: a prospective quantitative Doppler-echocardiographic and electron beam-computed tomographic study. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1773-1781
Calvo N, Bisbal F, Guiu E, Ramos P, Nadal M, Tolosana JM, Arbelo E, Berruezo A, Sitges M, Brugada J, Mont L. Impact of atrial fibrillation-induced tachycardiomyopathy in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation. Int J Cardiol 2013;168: 4093-4097
Edner M, Caidahl K, Bergfeldt L, Darpo B, Edvardsson N, Rosenqvist M. Prospective study of left ventricular function after radiofrequency ablation of atrioventricular junction in patients with atrial fibrillation. Br Heart J 1995;74:261-267
Gertz ZM, Raina A, Saghy L, Zado ES, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE, Keane MG, Silvestry FE. Evidence of atrial functional mitral regurgitation due to atrial fibrillation: reversal with arrhythmia control. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1474-1481
Kihara T, Gillinov AM, Takasaki K, Fukuda S, Song JM, Shiota M, Shiota T. Mitral regurgitation associated with mitral annular dilation in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: an echocardiographic study. Echocardiography 2009;26:885-889
Zhou X, Otsuji Y, Yoshifuku S, Yuasa T, Zhang H, Takasaki K, Matsukida K, Kisanuki A, Minagoe S, Tei C. Impact of atrial fibrillation on tricuspid and mitral annular dilatation and valvular regurgitation. Circ J 2002;66:913-916
Ring L, Dutka DP, Wells FC, Fynn SP, Shapiro LM, Rana BS. Mechanisms of atrial mitral regurgitation: insights using 3D transoesophageal echo. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:500-508
Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, Antunes MJ, Baron-Esquivias G, Baumgartner H, Borger MA, Carrel TP, De Bonis M, Evangelista A, Falk V, Lung B, Lancellotti P, Pierard L, Price S, Schafers HJ, Schuler G, Stepinska J, Swedberg K, Takkenberg J, Von Oppell UO, Windecker S, Zamorano JL, Zembala M, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012): the Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012;42:S1-44
Molteni M, Polo Friz H, Primitz L, Marano G, Boracchi P, Cimminiello C. The definition of valvular and non-valvular atrial fibrillation: results of a physicians' survey. Europace 2014;16:1720-1725
Blackshear JL, Odell JA. Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:755-759
Szekely P. Systemic Embolism and Anticoagulant Prophylaxis in Rheumatic Heart Disease. Br Med J 1964;1:1209-1212
De Caterina R, Camm AJ. What is 'valvular' atrial fibrillation? A reappraisal. Eur Heart J 2014;35:3328-3335
Goldstone AB, Patrick WL, Cohen JE, Aribeana CN, Popat R,Woo YJ. Early surgical intervention or watchful waiting for the management of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2015;4: 220-229
Schoen T, Pradhan AD, Albert CM, Conen D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1421-1428
Du X, Ninomiya T, de Galan B, Abadir E, Chalmers J, Pillai A, Woodward M, Cooper M, Harrap S, Hamet P, Poulter N, Lip GY, Patel A. Risks of cardiovascular events and effects of routine blood pressure lowering among patients with type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation: results of the ADVANCE study. Eur Heart J 2009;30: 1128-1135
Rizzo MR, Sasso FC, Marfella R, Siniscalchi M, Paolisso P, Carbonara O, Capoluongo MC, Lascar N, Pace C, Sardu C, Passavanti B, Barbieri M, Mauro C, Paolisso G. Autonomic dysfunction is associated with brief episodes of atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2015;29:88-92
Olson TM, Terzic A. Human K(ATP) channelopathies: diseases of metabolic homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2010;460:295-306
Chung MK, Martin DO, Sprecher D,Wazni O, Kanderian A, Carnes CA, Bauer JA, Tchou PJ, Niebauer MJ, Natale A, VanWagoner DR. C-reactive protein elevation in patients with atrial arrhythmias: inflammatory mechanisms and persistence of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2001;104:2886-2891
Donath MY, Shoelson SE. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011;11:98-107
Ziolo MT, Mohler PJ. Defining the role of oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation and diabetes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015;26:223-225
Fatemi O, Yuriditsky E, Tsioufis C, Tsachris D, Morgan T, Basile J, Bigger T, CushmanW, Goff D, Soliman EZ, Thomas A, Papademetriou V. Impact of intensive glycemic control on the incidence of atrial fibrillation and associated cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study). Am J Cardiol 2014;114: 1217-1222
Overvad TF, Skjoth F, Lip GY, Lane DA, Albertsen IE, Rasmussen LH, Larsen TB. Duration of Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation: Nationwide Cohort Study. Stroke 2015;46:2168-2174
Chang S-H, Wu L-S, Chiou M-J, Liu J-R, Yu K-H, Kuo C-F, Wen M-S, Chen W-J, Yeh Y-H, See L-C. Association of metformin with lower atrial fibrillation risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based dynamic cohort and in vitro studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014;13:123
Lip GY, Clementy N, Pierre B, Boyer M, Fauchier L. The impact of associated diabetic retinopathy on stroke and severe bleeding risk in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation: the Loire valley atrial fibrillation project. Chest 2015;147:1103-1110
Huxley RR, Misialek JR, Agarwal SK, Loehr LR, Soliman EZ, Chen LY, Alonso A. Physical activity, obesity, weight change, and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:620-625
Murphy NF, MacIntyre K, Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole D, McMurray JJ. Long-term cardiovascular consequences of obesity: 20-year follow-up of more than 15 000 middle-aged men and women (the Renfrew-Paisley study). Eur Heart J 2006;27:96-106
Wanahita N, Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Gami AS, Somers VK, Steinberg JS. Atrial fibrillation and obesity-results of a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2008;155:310-315
Wang TJ, Parise H, Levy D, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ. Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. JAMA 2004;292:2471-2477
Overvad TF, Rasmussen LH, Skjoth F, Overvad K, Lip GY, Larsen TB. Body mass index and adverse events in patients with incident atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2013; 126:640.e649-617
Karason K, Molgaard H, Wikstrand J, Sjostrom L. Heart rate variability in obesity and the effect of weight loss. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:1242-1247
Russo C, Jin Z, Homma S, Rundek T, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, Di Tullio MR. Effect of obesity and overweight on left ventricular diastolic function: a community-based study in an elderly cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1368-1374
Visser M, Bouter LM, McQuillan GM,Wener MH, Harris TB. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. JAMA 1999;282:2131-2135
Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Meredith M, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Wong CX, Twomey D, Elliott AD, Kalman JM, Abhayaratna WP, Lau DH, Sanders P. Long-Term Effect of Goal-Directed Weight Management in an Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study (LEGACY). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65: 2159-2169
Pathak RK, Elliott A, Middeldorp ME, Meredith M, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Hendriks JM, Twomey D, Kalman JM, AbhayaratnaWP, Lau DH, Sanders P. Impact of CARDIOrespiratory FITness on Arrhythmia Recurrence in Obese Individuals With Atrial Fibrillation: The CARDIO-FIT Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66: 985-996
Cha YM, Friedman PA, Asirvatham SJ, Shen WK, Munger TM, Rea RF, Brady PA, Jahangir A, Monahan KH, Hodge DO, Meverden RA, Gersh BJ, Hammill SC, Packer DL. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with obesity. Circulation 2008;117:2583-2590
Jongnarangsin K, Chugh A, Good E, Mukerji S, Dey S, Crawford T, Sarrazin JF, Kuhne M, Chalfoun N, Wells D, Boonyapisit W, Pelosi F Jr, Bogun F, Morady F, Oral H. Body mass index, obstructive sleep apnea, and outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008;19:668-672
Guijian L, Jinchuan Y, Rongzeng D, Jun Q, JunW,Wenqing Z. Impact of body mass index on atrial fibrillation recurrence a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013;36:748-756
Zhuang J, Lu Y, Tang K, PengW, Xu Y. Influence of body mass index on recurrence and quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients after catheter ablation a meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Cardiol 2013;36:269-275
Ector J, Dragusin O, Adriaenssens B, Huybrechts W, Willems R, Ector H, Heidbuchel H. Obesity is a major determinant of radiation dose in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50: 234-242
Shoemaker MB, Muhammad R, Farrell M, Parvez B, White BW, Streur M, Stubblefield T, Rytlewski J, Parvathaneni S, Nagarakanti R, Roden DM, Saavedra P, Ellis C, Whalen SP, Darbar D. Relation of morbid obesity and female gender to risk of procedural complications in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. Am J Cardiol 2013;111:368-373
Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, D'Aloia A, Curnis A, Metra M. Obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea and arrhythmias: new updates. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2014, doi 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000043
Digby GC, Baranchuk A. Sleep apnea and atrial fibrillation; 2012 update. Curr Cardiol Rev 2012;8:265-272
Lin YK, Lai MS, Chen YC, Cheng CC, Huang JH, Chen SA, Chen YJ, Lin CI. Hypoxia and reoxygenation modulate the arrhythmogenic activity of the pulmonary vein and atrium. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012;122:121-132
Linz D. Atrial fibrillation in obstructive sleep apnea: atrial arrhythmogenic substrate of a different sort. Am J Cardiol 2012;110:1071. 1678 ESC Guidelines
Patel D, Mohanty P, Di Biase L, Shaheen M, Lewis WR, Quan K, Cummings JE, Wang P, Al-Ahmad A, Venkatraman P, Nashawati E, Lakkireddy D, Schweikert R, Horton R, Sanchez J, Gallinghouse J, Hao S, Beheiry S, Cardinal DS, Zagrodzky J, Canby R, Bailey S, Burkhardt JD, Natale A. Safety and efficacy of pulmonary vein antral isolation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: the impact of continuous positive airway pressure. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:445-451
Fein AS, Shvilkin A, Shah D, Haffajee CI, Das S, Kumar K, Kramer DB, Zimetbaum PJ, Buxton AE, Josephson ME, Anter E. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:300-305
Naruse Y, Tada H, Satoh M, Yanagihara M, Tsuneoka H, Hirata Y, Ito Y, Kuroki K, Machino T, Yamasaki H, Igarashi M, Sekiguchi Y, Sato A, Aonuma K. Concomitant obstructive sleep apnea increases the recurrence of atrial fibrillation following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: clinical impact of continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:331-337
Neilan TG, Farhad H, Dodson JA, Shah RV, Abbasi SA, Bakker JP, Michaud GF, van der Geest R, Blankstein R, Steigner M, John RM, Jerosch-Herold M, Malhotra A, Kwong RY. Effect of sleep apnea and continuous positive airway pressure on cardiac structure and recurrence of atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2: e000421
Li L,WangZW, Li J, Ge X, Guo LZ,Wang Y, Guo WH, Jiang CX, Ma CS. Efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea with and without continuous positive airway pressure treatment a meta-analysis of observational studies. Europace 2014;16:1309-1314
Cowie MR,Woehrle H,Wegscheider K, Angermann C, d'Ortho MP, Erdmann E, Levy P, Simonds AK, Somers VK, Zannad F, Teschler H. Adaptive Servo-Ventilation for Central Sleep Apnea in Systolic Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2015;373:1095-1105
Bitter T, Nolker G, Vogt J, Prinz C, Horstkotte D, Oldenburg O. Predictors of recurrence in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation: the independent role of sleep-disordered breathing. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2012;23:18-25
Ng CY, Liu T, Shehata M, Stevens S, Chugh SS,Wang X. Meta-analysis of obstructive sleep apnea as predictor of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:47-51
Hart RG, Eikelboom JW, Brimble KS, McMurtry MS, Ingram AJ. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation patients with chronic kidney disease. Can J Cardiol 2013;29: S71-78
Roldan V, Marin F, Fernandez H, Manzano-Fernandez S, Gallego P, Valdes M, Vicente V, Lip GY. Renal impairment in a "real-life" cohort of anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (implications for thromboembolism and bleeding). Am J Cardiol 2013;111:1159-1164
Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Parekh A, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Themeles E, Varrone J, Wang S, Alings M, Xavier D, Zhu J, Diaz R, Lewis BS, Darius H, Diener HC, Joyner CD,Wallentin L, RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1139-1151
Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ, Lopes RD, Hylek EM, Hanna M, Al-Khalidi HR, Ansell J, Atar D, Avezum A, Bahit MC, Diaz R, Easton JD, Ezekowitz JA, Flaker G, Garcia D, Geraldes M, Gersh BJ, Golitsyn S, Goto S, Hermosillo AG, Hohnloser SH, Horowitz J, Mohan P, Jansky P, Lewis BS, Lopez-Sendon JL, Pais P, Parkhomenko A, Verheugt FW, Zhu J,Wallentin L, ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:981-992
Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J, Pan G, Singer DE, Hacke W, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Piccini JP, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Berkowitz SD, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:883-891
Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Wiviott SD, Halperin JL, Waldo AL, Ezekowitz MD, Weitz JI, Spinar J, Ruzyllo W, Ruda M, Koretsune Y, Betcher J, Shi M, Grip LT, Patel SP, Patel I, Hanyok JJ, Mercuri M, Antman EM, Investigators EA-T. Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2093-2104
Page K, Marwick TH, Lee R, Grenfell R, Abhayaratna WP, Aggarwal A, Briffa TG, Cameron J, Davidson PM, Driscoll A, Garton-Smith J, Gascard DJ, Hickey A, Korczyk D, Mitchell JA, Sanders R, Spicer D, Stewart S,Wade V. A systematic approach to chronic heart failure care: a consensus statement. Med J Aust 2014;201: 146-150
Stock S, Pitcavage JM, Simic D, Altin S, Graf C, Feng W, Graf TR. Chronic care model strategies in the United States and Germany deliver patient-centered, highquality diabetes care. Health Aff (Millwood) 2014;33:1540-1548
Lundstrom H, Siersma V, Nielsen AB, Brodersen J, Reventlow S, Andersen PK, Fine Olivarius N. The effectiveness of structured personal care of type 2 diabetes on recurrent outcomes: a 19 year follow-up of the study Diabetes Care in General Practice (DCGP). Diabetologia 2014;57:1119-1123
Berti D, Hendriks JM, Brandes A, Deaton C, Crijns HJ, Camm AJ, Hindricks G, Moons P, Heidbuchel H. A proposal for interdisciplinary, nurse-coordinated atrial fibrillation expert programmes as a way to structure daily practice. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2725-2730
Wagner EH, Austin BT, Von Korff M. Organizing care for patients with chronic illness. Milbank Q 1996;74:511-544
Nieuwlaat R, Olsson SB, Lip GY, Camm AJ, Breithardt G, Capucci A, Meeder JG, Prins MH, Levy S, Crijns HJ, Euro Heart Survey Investigators. Guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment is associated with improved outcomes compared with undertreatment in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation. The Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Am Heart J 2007;153:1006-1012
Nuno R, Coleman K, Bengoa R, Sauto R. Integrated care for chronic conditions: the contribution of the ICCC Framework. Health Policy 2012;105:55-64
Kirchhof P, Nabauer M, Gerth A, Limbourg T, Lewalter T, Goette A, Wegscheider K, Treszl A, Meinertz T, Oeff M, Ravens U, Breithardt G, Steinbeck G. Impact of the type of centre on management of AF patients: surprising evidence for differences in antithrombotic therapy decisions. Thromb Haemost 2011;105:1010-1023
Hendriks JM, de Wit R, Crijns HJ, Vrijhoef HJ, Prins MH, Pisters R, Pison LA, Blaauw Y, Tieleman RG. Nurse-led care vs. usual care for patients with atrial fibrillation: results of a randomized trial of integrated chronic care vs. routine clinical care in ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2692-2699
Hendriks J, Tomini F, van Asselt T, Crijns H, Vrijhoef H. Cost-effectiveness of a specialized atrial fibrillation clinic vs. usual care in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013;15:1128-1135
Stewart S, Ball J, Horowitz JD, Marwick TH, Mahadevan G, Wong C, Abhayaratna WP, Chan YK, Esterman A, Thompson DR, Scuffham PA, Carrington MJ. Standard versus atrial fibrillation-specific management strategy (SAFETY) to reduce recurrent admission and prolong survival: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:775-784
Tran HN, Tafreshi J, Hernandez EA, Pai SM, Torres VI, Pai RG. A multidisciplinary atrial fibrillation clinic. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013;9:55-62
Conti A, Canuti E, Mariannini Y, Viviani G, Poggioni C, Boni V, Pini R, Vanni S, Padeletti L, Gensini GF. Clinical management of atrial fibrillation: early interventions, observation, and structured follow-up reduce hospitalizations. Am J Emerg Med 2012;30:1962-1969
Carter L, Gardner M, Magee K, Fearon A, Morgulis I, Doucette S, Sapp JL, Gray C, Abdelwahab A, Parkash R. An Integrated Management Approach to Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016;5:e002950
Peterson ED, Ho PM, Barton M, Beam C, Burgess LH, Casey DE Jr., Drozda JP Jr., Fonarow GC, Goff D Jr., Grady KL, King DE, King ML, Masoudi FA, Nielsen DR, Stanko S. ACC/AHA/AACVPR/AAFP/ANA Concepts for Clinician-Patient Shared Accountability in Performance Measures: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures. Circulation 2014;130:1984-1994
Lane DA, Aguinaga L, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Boriani G, Dan GA, Hills MT, Hylek EM, LaHaye SA, Lip GY, Lobban T, Mandrola J, McCabe PJ, Pedersen SS, Pisters R, Stewart S, Wood K, Potpara TS, Gorenek B, Conti JB, Keegan R, Power S, Hendriks J, Ritter P, Calkins H, Violi F, Hurwitz J. Cardiac tachyarrhythmias and patient values and preferences for their management: the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLEACE). Europace 2015;17:1747-1769
Hendriks JM, de Wit R, Vrijhoef HJ, Tieleman RG, Crijns HJ. An integrated chronic care program for patients with atrial fibrillation: study protocol and methodology for an ongoing prospective randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2010;47: 1310-1316
Donal E, Lip GY, Galderisi M, Goette A, Shah D, Marwan M, Lederlin M, Mondillo S, Edvardsen T, Sitges M, Grapsa J, Garbi M, Senior R, Gimelli A, Potpara TS, Van Gelder IC, Gorenek B, Mabo P, Lancellotti P, Kuck KH, Popescu BA, Hindricks G, Habib G, Cosyns B, Delgado V, Haugaa KH, Muraru D, Nieman K, Cohen A. EACVI/EHRA Expert Consensus Document on the role of multi-modality imaging for the evaluation of patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:355-383
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, TsangW, Voigt JU. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the american society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;16: 233-271
Filion KB, Agarwal SK, Ballantyne CM, Eberg M, Hoogeveen RC, Huxley RR, Loehr LR, Nambi V, Soliman EZ, Alonso A. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Am Heart J 2015;169:31-38
Aviles RJ, Martin DO, Apperson-Hansen C, Houghtaling PL, Rautaharju P, Kronmal RA, Tracy RP, VanWagoner DR, Psaty BM, Lauer MS, Chung MK. Inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2003;108:3006-3010
Patton KK, Ellinor PT, Heckbert SR, Christenson RH, DeFilippi C, Gottdiener JS, Kronmal RA. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is a major predictor of the development of atrial fibrillation: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2009;120:1768-1774
Bartel T, Erbel R, Acute Trial Investigators. Transoesophageal echocardiography for immediate and safe cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2001;22:2041-2044
Mahnkopf C, Mitlacher M, Brachmann J. [Relevance of magnetic resonance imaging for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2014;25:252-257
Haemers P, Claus P, Willems R. The use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic workup and treatment of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Res Pract 2012; 2012:658937
Ling LH, Kistler PM, Ellims AH, Iles LM, Lee G, Hughes GL, Kalman JM, Kaye DM, Taylor AJ. Diffuse ventricular fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: noninvasive evaluation and relationships with aging and systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60: 2402-2408
Lewalter T, Ibrahim R, Albers B, Camm AJ. An update and current expert opinions on percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013;15:652-656
Kirchhof P, Auricchio A, Bax J, Crijns H, Camm J, Diener HC, Goette A, Hindricks G, Hohnloser S, Kappenberger L, Kuck KH, Lip GY, Olsson B, Meinertz T, Priori S, Ravens U, Steinbeck G, Svernhage E, Tijssen J, Vincent A, Breithardt G. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: executive summary: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J 2007;28:2803-2817
Alonso-Coello P, Montori VM, Sola I, Schunemann HJ, Devereaux P, Charles C, Roura M, Diaz MG, Souto JC, Alonso R, Oliver S, Ruiz R, Coll-Vinent B, Diez AI, Gich I, Guyatt G. Values and preferences in oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation, physicians' and patients' perspectives: protocol for a two-phase study. BMC Health Serv Res 2008;8:221
Lip GY, Al-Khatib SM, Cosio FG, Banerjee A, Savelieva I, Ruskin J, Blendea D, Nattel S, De Bono J, Conroy JM, Hess PL, Guasch E, Halperin JL, Kirchhof P, MD GC, Camm AJ. Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation: what can clinical registries tell us about stroke prevention and current therapeutic approaches? J Am Heart Assoc 2014;3:e001179
Gorst-Rasmussen A, Skjoth F, Larsen TB, Rasmussen LH, Lip GY, Lane DA. Dabigatran adherence in atrial fibrillation patients during the first year after diagnosis: a nationwide cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2015;13:495-504
Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Adjusted-dose warfarin versus aspirin for preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2007;147: 590-592
Connolly SJ, Eikelboom J, Joyner C, Diener HC, Hart R, Golitsyn S, Flaker G, Avezum A, Hohnloser SH, Diaz R, Talajic M, Zhu J, Pais P, Budaj A, Parkhomenko A, Jansky P, Commerford P, Tan RS, Sim KH, Lewis BS, Van Mieghem W, Lip GY, Kim JH, Lanas-Zanetti F, Gonzalez-Hermosillo A, Dans AL, Munawar M, O'Donnell M, Lawrence J, Lewis G, Afzal R, Yusuf S, AVERROES Steering Committee Investigators. Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:806-817
Frankel DS, Parker SE, Rosenfeld LE, Gorelick PB. HRS/NSA 2014 Survey of Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke: Gaps in Knowledge and Perspective, Opportunities for Improvement. Heart Rhythm 2015;12:e105-113
Le Heuzey JY, Ammentorp B, Darius H, De Caterina R, Schilling RJ, Schmitt J, Zamorano JL, Kirchhof P. Differences among western European countries in anticoagulation management of atrial fibrillation. Data from the PREFER IN AF registry. Thromb Haemost 2014;111:833-841
O'Brien EC, Holmes DN, Ansell JE, Allen LA, Hylek E, Kowey PR, Gersh BJ, Fonarow GC, Koller CR, Ezekowitz MD, Mahaffey KW, Chang P, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, Singer DE. Physician practices regarding contraindications to oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: findings from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry. Am Heart J 2014; 167:601-609.e1
Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, Borowsky LH, Pomernacki NK, Udaltsova N, Singer DE. Warfarin discontinuation after starting warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010;3:624-631
Zalesak M, Siu K, Francis K, Yu C, Alvrtsyan H, Rao Y, Walker D, Sander S, Miyasato G, Matchar D, Sanchez H. Higher persistence in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients treated with dabigatran versus warfarin. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013;6:567-574
Donze J, Clair C, Hug B, Rodondi N,Waeber G, Cornuz J, Aujesky D. Risk of falls and major bleeds in patients on oral anticoagulation therapy. Am J Med 2012;125: 773-778
Man-Hing M, Nichol G, Lau A, Laupacis A. Choosing antithrombotic therapy for elderly patients with atrial fibrillation who are at risk for falls. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:677-685
Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K, Roalfe A, Fitzmaurice D, Lip GY, Murray E, BAFTA investigators, Midland Research Practices Network (MidReC).Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in an elderly community population with atrial fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370:493-503
Diener HC, Eikelboom J, Connolly SJ, Joyner CD, Hart RG, Lip GY, O'Donnell M, Hohnloser SH, Hankey GJ, Shestakovska O, Yusuf S, AVERROES Steering Committee and Investigators. Apixaban versus aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a predefined subgroup analysis from AVERROES, a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:225-231
The SPAF III Writing Committee for the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at low risk of stroke during treatment with aspirin: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation III Study. JAMA 1998;279:1273-1277
Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W, Boechler M, Rich MW, Radford MJ. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA 2001;285:2864-2870
van Walraven C, Hart RG, Wells GA, Petersen P, Koudstaal PJ, Gullov AL, Hellemons BS, Koefed BG, Laupacis A. A clinical prediction rule to identify patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk for stroke while taking aspirin. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:936-943
Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Larson MG, Kannel WB, Benjamin EJ. A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2003;290:1049-1056
Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, Lane DA, Crijns HJ. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137:263-272
Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S, Van Gelder IC, Al-Attar N, Hindricks G, Prendergast B, Heidbuchel H, Alfieri O, Angelini A, Atar D, Colonna P, De Caterina R, De Sutter J, Goette A, Gorenek B, Heldal M, Hohloser SH, Kolh P, Le Heuzey JY, Ponikowski P, Rutten FH, ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, European Heart Rhythm Association, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Europace 2010;12:1360-1420
Kirchhof P, Curtis AB, Skanes AC, Gillis AM, SamuelWann L, Camm AJ. Atrial fibrillation guidelines across the Atlantic: a comparison of the current recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology/European Heart Rhythm Association/European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgeons, the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society, and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Eur Heart J 2013;34: 1471-1474
Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen ML, Hansen PR, Tolstrup JS, Lindhardsen J, Selmer C, Ahlehoff O, Olsen AM, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ 2011;342:d124
Chao TF, Liu CJ, Wang KL, Lin YJ, Chang SL, Lo LW, Hu YF, Tuan TC, Chen TJ, Lip GY, Chen SA. Should atrial fibrillation patients with 1 additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score (beyond sex) receive oral anticoagulation? J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:635-642
Lip GY, Skjoth F, Rasmussen LH, Larsen TB. Oral anticoagulation, aspirin, or no therapy in patients with nonvalvular AF with 0 or 1 stroke risk factor based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:1385-1394
Fauchier L, Lecoq C, Clementy N, Bernard A, Angoulvant D, Ivanes F, Babuty D, Lip GY. Oral Anticoagulation and the Risk of Stroke or Death in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and One Additional Stroke Risk Factor: The Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Chest 2016;149:960-968
Joundi RA, Cipriano LE, Sposato LA, Saposnik G, Stroke Outcomes Research Working Group. Ischemic Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and CHA2DS2-VASc Score of 1: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke 2016; 47:1364-1367
Friberg L, Skeppholm M, Terent A. Benefit of anticoagulation unlikely in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 1. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65: 225-232. 1678b ESC Guidelines
Lip GY, Skjoth F, Nielsen PB, Larsen TB. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with none or one additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A comprehensive net clinical benefit analysis for warfarin, aspirin, or no therapy. Thromb Haemost 2015;114:826-834
Mikkelsen AP, Lindhardsen J, Lip GY, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Olesen JB. Female sex as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2012;10:1745-1751
Wagstaff AJ, Overvad TF, Lip GY, Lane DA. Is female sex a risk factor for stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM 2014;107:955-967
Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Andersson U, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Hohnloser SH, Reilly PA, Vinereanu D, Siegbahn A, Yusuf S, Wallentin L. Cardiac biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) substudy. Circulation 2012;125:1605-1616
Hijazi Z, Wallentin L, Siegbahn A, Andersson U, Christersson C, Ezekowitz J, Gersh BJ, Hanna M, Hohnloser S, Horowitz J, Huber K, Hylek EM, Lopes RD, McMurray JJ, Granger CB. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2274-2284
Hijazi Z, Lindback J, Alexander JH, Hanna M, Held C, Hylek EM, Lopes RD, Oldgren J, Siegbahn A, Stewart RA, White HD, Granger CB, Wallentin L, ARISTOTLE and STABILITY Investigators. The ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history) stroke risk score: a biomarker-based risk score for predicting stroke in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2016;37:1582-1590
Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE,Waterman AD, Culverhouse R, RichMW, Radford MJ. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF). Am Heart J 2006;151:713-719
Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, de Vos CB, Crijns HJ, Lip GY. A novel userfriendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest 2010;138:1093-1100
Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y, Borowsky LH, Pomernacki NK, Udaltsova N, Singer DE. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:395-401
Friberg L, Rosenqvist M, Lip GY. Evaluation of risk stratification schemes for ischaemic stroke and bleeding in 182 678 patients with atrial fibrillation: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation cohort study. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1500-1510
Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Lindback J, Alexander JH, Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Ezekowitz MD, Held C, Hylek EM, Lopes RD, Siegbahn A, Yusuf S, Granger CB, Wallentin L, ARISTOTLE and RE-LY Investigators. The novel biomarker-based ABC (age, biomarkers, clinical history)-bleeding risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation: a derivation and validation study. Lancet 2016; 387:2302-2311
O'Brien EC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, Hylek EM, Gersh BJ, Ansell JE, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Chang P, Fonarow GC, Pencina MJ, Piccini JP, Peterson ED. The ORBIT bleeding score: a simple bedside score to assess bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2015;36:3258-3264
Loewen P, Dahri K. Risk of bleeding with oral anticoagulants: an updated systematic review and performance analysis of clinical prediction rules. Ann Hematol 2011;90:1191-1200
Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen PR, Lindhardsen J, Ahlehoff O, Andersson C,Weeke P, Hansen ML, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C. Bleeding risk in 'real world' patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of two established bleeding prediction schemes in a nationwide cohort. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:1460-1467
Van Staa TP, Setakis E, Di Tanna GL, Lane DA, Lip GY. A comparison of risk stratification schemes for stroke in 79,884 atrial fibrillation patients in general practice. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9:39-48
Roldan V, Marin F, Manzano-Fernandez S, Gallego P, Vilchez JA, Valdes M, Vicente V, Lip GY. The HAS-BLED score has better prediction accuracy for major bleeding than CHADS2 or CHA2DS2-VASc scores in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:2199-2204
Wallentin L, Hijazi Z, Andersson U, Alexander JH, De Caterina R, Hanna M, Horowitz JD, Hylek EM, Lopes RD, Asberg S, Granger CB, Siegbahn A, ARISTOTLE Investigators. Growth differentiation factor 15, a marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Circulation 2014;130:1847-1858
Raunso J, Selmer C, Olesen JB, Charlot MG, Olsen AM, Bretler DM, Nielsen JD, Dominguez H, Gadsboll N, Kober L, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen ML. Increased short-term risk of thrombo-embolism or death after interruption of warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2012;33: 1886-1892
Sjogren V, Grzymala-Lubanski B, Renlund H, Friberg L, Lip GY, Svensson PJ, Sjalander A. Safety and efficacy of well managed warfarin. A report from the Swedish quality register Auricula. Thromb Haemost 2015;113:1370-1377
Graham DJ, Reichman ME,Wernecke M, Zhang R, Southworth MR, Levenson M, Sheu TC, Mott K, Goulding MR, Houstoun M, MaCurdy TE,Worrall C, Kelman JA. Cardiovascular, bleeding, and mortality risks in elderly medicare patients treated with dabigatran or warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2015;131: 157-164
Apostolakis S, Sullivan RM, Olshansky B, Lip GY. Factors affecting quality of anticoagulation control among patients with atrial fibrillation on warfarin: the SAMe-TT(2)R(2) score. Chest 2013;144:1555-1563
Lip GY, Haguenoer K, Saint-Etienne C, Fauchier L. Relationship of the SAMe-TT(2)R(2) score to poor-quality anticoagulation, stroke, clinically relevant bleeding, and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest 2014;146: 719-726
Gallego P, Roldan V, Marin F, Galvez J, Valdes M, Vicente V, Lip GY. SAMe-TT2R2 score, time in therapeutic range, and outcomes in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. Am J Med 2014;127:1083-1088
Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, Granger CB, Kappetein AP, Mack MJ, Blatchford J, Devenny K, Friedman J, Guiver K, Harper R, Khder Y, Lobmeyer MT, Maas H, Voigt JU, Simoons ML, Van Werf F, RE-ALIGN Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:1206-1214
Olesen JB, Sorensen R, Hansen ML, Lamberts M,Weeke P, Mikkelsen AP, Kober L, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Fosbol EL. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation agents in anticoagulant naive atrial fibrillation patients: Danish nationwide descriptive data 2011-2013. Europace 2015;17:187-193
Hylek EM, Held C, Alexander JH, Lopes RD, De Caterina R, Wojdyla DM, Huber K, Jansky P, Steg PG, Hanna M, Thomas L,Wallentin L, Granger CB. Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin: The ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation): Predictors, Characteristics, and Clinical Outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2141-2147
Flaker GC, Eikelboom JW, Shestakovska O, Connolly SJ, Kaatz S, Budaj A, Husted S, Yusuf S, Lip GY, Hart RG. Bleeding during treatment with aspirin versus apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation unsuitable for warfarin: the apixaban versus acetylsalicylic acid to prevent stroke in atrial fibrillation patients who have failed or are unsuitable for vitamin K antagonist treatment (AVERROES) trial. Stroke 2012;43:3291-3297
Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, Reilly PA, Wallentin L, Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy Investigators. Newly identified events in the RE-LY trial. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1875-1876
Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, Morrow DA, Murphy SA, Kuder JF, Deenadayalu N, Jarolim P, Betcher J, Shi M, Brown K, Patel I, Mercuri M, Antman EM. Association between edoxaban dose, concentration, anti-Factor Xa activity, and outcomes: an analysis of data from the randomised, double-blind ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Lancet 2015;385:2288-2295
Beyer-Westendorf J, Forster K, Pannach S, Ebertz F, Gelbricht V, Thieme C, Michalski F, Kohler C, Werth S, Sahin K, Tittl L, Hansel U, Weiss N. Rates, management, and outcome of rivaroxaban bleeding in daily care: results from the Dresden NOAC registry. Blood 2014;124:955-962
Camm AJ, Amarenco P, Haas S, Hess S, Kirchhof P, Kuhls S, van Eickels M, Turpie AG, XANTUS Investigators. XANTUS: a real-world, prospective, observational study of patients treated with rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2016;37:1145-1153
Wallentin L, Yusuf S, Ezekowitz MD, Alings M, Flather M, Franzosi MG, Pais P, Dans A, Eikelboom J, Oldgren J, Pogue J, Reilly PA, Yang S, Connolly SJ, RE-LY investigators. Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin at different levels of international normalised ratio control for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet 2010;376:975-983
Piccini JP, Hellkamp AS, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Harrell FE, Singer DE, Becker RC, Breithardt G, Halperin JL, Hankey GJ, Berkowitz SD, Nessel CC, Mahaffey KW, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKET AF Investigators. Relationship between time in therapeutic range and comparative treatment effect of rivaroxaban and warfarin: results from the ROCKET AF trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2014;3:e000521
Olesen JB, Lip GY, Kamper AL, Hommel K, Kober L, Lane DA, Lindhardsen J, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C. Stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2012;367:625-635
Albertsen IE, Rasmussen LH, Overvad TF, Graungaard T, Larsen TB, Lip GY. Risk of stroke or systemic embolism in atrial fibrillation patients treated with warfarin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 2013;44:1329-1336
Hart RG, Pearce LA, Asinger RW, Herzog CA. Warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients with moderate chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6: 2599-2604
Friberg L, Benson L, Lip GY. Balancing stroke and bleeding risks in patients with atrial fibrillation and renal failure: the Swedish Atrial Fibrillation Cohort study. Eur Heart J 2014:36:297-306
Jun M, James MT, Manns BJ, Quinn RR, Ravani P, Tonelli M, Perkovic V, Winkelmayer WC, Ma Z, Hemmelgarn BR. The association between kidney function and major bleeding in older adults with atrial fibrillation starting warfarin treatment: population based observational study. BMJ 2015;350:h246
Del-Carpio Munoz F, Gharacholou SM, Munger TM, Friedman PA, Asirvatham SJ, Packer DL, Noseworthy PA. Meta-Analysis of Renal Function on the Safety and Efficacy of Novel Oral Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2016; 117:69-75
Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, Antz M, Diener HC, HackeW, Oldgren J, Sinnaeve P, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015;17:1467-1507
Zimmerman D, Sood MM, Rigatto C, Holden RM, Hiremath S, Clase CM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, prevalence and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27:3816-3822
Marinigh R, Lane DA, Lip GY. Severe renal impairment and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: implications for thromboprophylaxis and bleeding risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1339-1348
Wizemann V, Tong L, Satayathum S, Disney A, Akiba T, Fissell RB, Kerr PG, Young EW, Robinson BM. Atrial fibrillation in hemodialysis patients: clinical features and associations with anticoagulant therapy. Kidney Int 2010;77:1098-1106
Chan KE, Lazarus JM, Thadhani R, Hakim RM. Warfarin use associates with increased risk for stroke in hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:2223-2233
Winkelmayer WC, Liu J, Setoguchi S, Choudhry NK. Effectiveness and safety of warfarin initiation in older hemodialysis patients with incident atrial fibrillation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:2662-2668
Shah M, Avgil Tsadok M, Jackevicius CA, Essebag V, Eisenberg MJ, Rahme E, Humphries KH, Tu JV, Behlouli H, Guo H, Pilote L. Warfarin use and the risk for stroke and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing dialysis. Circulation 2014;129:1196-1203
Bonde AN, Lip GY, Kamper AL, Hansen PR, Lamberts M, Hommel K, Hansen ML, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Olesen JB. Net clinical benefit of antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: a nationwide observational cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:2471-2482
Chan KE, Edelman ER,Wenger JB, Thadhani RI, Maddux FW. Dabigatran and rivaroxaban use in atrial fibrillation patients on hemodialysis. Circulation 2015;131: 972-979
Hijazi Z, Hohnloser SH, Oldgren J, Andersson U, Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Ezekowitz MD, Reilly PA, Siegbahn A, Yusuf S, Wallentin L. Efficacy and safety of dabigatran compared with warfarin in relation to baseline renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: a RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial analysis. Circulation 2014;129:961-970
Fox KA, Piccini JP, Wojdyla D, Becker RC, Halperin JL, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Hankey GJ, Mahaffey KW, Patel MR, Singer DE, Califf RM. Prevention of stroke and systemic embolism with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and moderate renal impairment. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2387-2394
Hohnloser SH, Hijazi Z, Thomas L, Alexander JH, Amerena J, Hanna M, Keltai M, Lanas F, Lopes RD, Lopez-Sendon J, Granger CB,Wallentin L. Efficacy of apixaban when compared with warfarin in relation to renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2821-2830
Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results. Circulation 1991;84:527-539
Olesen JB, Lip GY, Lindhardsen J, Lane DA, Ahlehoff O, Hansen ML, Raunso J, Tolstrup JS, Hansen PR, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C. Risks of thromboembolism and bleeding with thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: A net clinical benefit analysis using a 'real world' nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost 2011;106:739-749
Sjalander S, Sjalander A, Svensson PJ, Friberg L. Atrial fibrillation patients do not benefit from acetylsalicylic acid. Europace 2014;16:631-638
ACTIVE Writing Group of the ACTIVE Investigators, Connolly S, Pogue J, Hart R, Pfeffer M, Hohnloser S, Chrolavicius S, Pfeffer M, Hohnloser S, Yusuf S. Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus oral anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation in the Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (ACTIVE W): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006;367:1903-1912
Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Eikelboom J, Flaker G, Commerford P, Franzosi MG, Healey JS, Yusuf S, ACTIVE W Investigators. Benefit of oral anticoagulant over antiplatelet therapy in atrial fibrillation depends on the quality of international normalized ratio control achieved by centers and countries as measured by time in therapeutic range. Circulation 2008;118:2029-2037
Connolly SJ, Pogue J, Hart RG, Hohnloser SH, Pfeffer M, Chrolavicius S, Yusuf S, ACTIVE Investigators. Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2066-2078
vanWalraven C, Hart RG, Connolly S, Austin PC, Mant J, Hobbs FD, Koudstaal PJ, Petersen P, Perez-Gomez F, Knottnerus JA, Boode B, Ezekowitz MD, Singer DE. Effect of age on stroke prevention therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: the atrial fibrillation investigators. Stroke 2009;40:1410-1416
Olesen KH. The natural history of 271 patients with mitral stenosis under medical treatment. Br Heart J 1962;24:349-357
Perez-Gomez F, Alegria E, Berjon J, Iriarte JA, Zumalde J, Salvador A, Mataix L, NASPEAF Investigators. Comparative effects of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with valvular and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a randomized multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1557-1566
Rowe JC, Bland EF, Sprague HB, White PD. The course of mitral stenosis without surgery: ten-and twenty-year perspectives. Ann Intern Med 1960;52:741-749
Wilson JK, Greenwood WF. The natural history of mitral stenosis. Can Med Assoc J 1954;71:323-331
Cannegieter SC, van der Meer FJ, Briet E, Rosendaal FR.Warfarin and aspirin after heart-valve replacement. N Engl J Med 1994;330:507-508; author reply 508-509
Chiang CW, Lo SK, Ko YS, Cheng NJ, Lin PJ, Chang CH. Predictors of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:885-889
Wan Y, Heneghan C, Perera R, Roberts N, Hollowell J, Glasziou P, Bankhead C, Xu Y. Anticoagulation control and prediction of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2008;1:84-91
Morgan CL, McEwan P, Tukiendorf A, Robinson PA, Clemens A, Plumb JM.Warfarin treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation: observing outcomes associated with varying levels of INR control. Thromb Res 2009;124:37-41
Gallagher AM, Setakis E, Plumb JM, Clemens A, van Staa TP. Risks of stroke and mortality associated with suboptimal anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients. Thromb Haemost 2011;106:968-977
De Caterina R, Husted S, Wallentin L, Andreotti F, Arnesen H, Bachmann F, Baigent C, Huber K, Jespersen J, Kristensen SD, Lip GY, Morais J, Rasmussen LH, Siegbahn A, Verheugt FW,Weitz JI. Vitamin K antagonists in heart disease: current status and perspectives (Section III). Position paper of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis-Task Force on Anticoagulants in Heart Disease. Thromb Haemost 2013;110:1087-1107
Dans AL, Connolly SJ, Wallentin L, Yang S, Nakamya J, Brueckmann M, Ezekowitz M, Oldgren J, Eikelboom JW, Reilly PA, Yusuf S. Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2013;127: 634-640
Bajaj NS, Parashar A, Agarwal S, Sodhi N, Poddar KL, Garg A, Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion for stroke prophylaxis in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and analysis of observational studies. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:296-304
Lewalter T, Kanagaratnam P, Schmidt B, Rosenqvist M, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Ibrahim R, Albers BA, Camm AJ. Ischaemic stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and high bleeding risk: opportunities and challenges for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion. Europace 2014;16:626-630
Meier B, Blaauw Y, Khattab AA, Lewalter T, Sievert H, Tondo C, Glikson M. EHRA/EAPCI expert consensus statement on catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion. Europace 2014;16:1397-1416
Holmes DR Jr, Kar S, Price MJ, Whisenant B, Sievert H, Doshi SK, Huber K, Reddy VY. Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy: the PREVAIL trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:1-12
Holmes DR, Reddy VY, Turi ZG, Doshi SK, Sievert H, Buchbinder M, Mullin CM, Sick P. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage versus warfarin therapy for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised noninferiority trial. Lancet 2009;374:534-542
Reddy VY, Doshi SK, Sievert H, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P, Huber K, Halperin JL, Holmes D. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: 2.3-Year Follow-up of the PROTECT AF (Watchman Left Atrial Appendage System for Embolic Protection in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) Trial. Circulation 2013;127:720-729
Reddy VY, Sievert H, Halperin J, Doshi SK, Buchbinder M, Neuzil P, Huber K, Whisenant B, Kar S, Swarup V, Gordon N, Holmes D, PROTECT AF Steering Committee and Investigators. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure vs warfarin for atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;312:1988-1998
Holmes DR Jr, Doshi SK, Kar S, Price MJ, Sanchez JM, Sievert H, Valderrabano M, Reddy VY. Left Atrial Appendage Closure as an Alternative toWarfarin for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2614-2623. 1678d ESC Guidelines
Reddy VY, Mobius-Winkler S, Miller MA, Neuzil P, Schuler G, Wiebe J, Sick P, Sievert H. Left atrial appendage closure with the Watchman device in patients with a contraindication for oral anticoagulation: the ASAP study (ASA Plavix Feasibility Study With Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Technology). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2551-2556
Santoro G, Meucci F, Stolcova M, Rezzaghi M, Mori F, Palmieri C, Paradossi U, Pastormerlo LE, Rosso G, Berti S. Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: implantation and up to four years follow-up of the AMPLATZER Cardiac Plug. EuroIntervention 2016;11:1188-1194
Badheka AO, Chothani A, Mehta K, Patel NJ, Deshmukh A, Hoosien M, Shah N, Singh V, Grover P, Savani GT, Panaich SS, Rathod A, Patel N, Arora S, Bhalara V, Coffey JO, O'Neill W, Makkar R, Grines CL, Schreiber T, Di Biase L, Natale A, Viles-Gonzalez JF. Utilization and adverse outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation in the United States: influence of hospital volume. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:42-48
Pison L, Potpara TS, Chen J, Larsen TB, Bongiorni MG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. Left atrial appendage closure-indications, techniques, and outcomes: results of the European Heart Rhythm Association Survey. Europace 2015;17:642-646
Price MJ, Gibson DN, Yakubov SJ, Schultz JC, Di Biase L, Natale A, Burkhardt JD, Pershad A, Byrne TJ, Gidney B, Aragon JR, Goldstein J, Moulton K, Patel T, Knight B, Lin AC, Valderrabano M. Early safety and efficacy of percutaneous left atrial appendage suture ligation: results from the U.S. transcatheter LAA ligation consortium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:565-572
Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Schellinger PD, Glahn J, Endres M, Sobesky J, Flechsenhar J, Neugebauer H, Juttler E, Grau A, Palm F, Rother J, Michels P, Hamann GF, Huwel J, Hagemann G, Barber B, Terborg C, Trostdorf F, Bazner H, Roth A, Wohrle J, Keller M, Schwarz M, Reimann G, Volkmann J, Mullges W, Kraft P, Classen J, Hobohm C, Horn M, Milewski A, Reichmann H, Schneider H, Schimmel E, Fink GR, Dohmen C, Stetefeld H, Witte O, Gunther A, Neumann-Haefelin T, Racs AE, Nueckel M, Erbguth F, Kloska SP, Dorfler A, Kohrmann M, Schwab S, Huttner HB. Anticoagulant reversal, blood pressure levels, and anticoagulant resumption in patients with anticoagulationrelated intracerebral hemorrhage. JAMA 2015;313:824-836
Budera P, Straka Z, Osmancik P, Vanek T, Jelinek S, Hlavicka J, Fojt R, Cervinka P, Hulman M, Smid M, Maly M, Widimsky P. Comparison of cardiac surgery with left atrial surgical ablation vs. cardiac surgery without atrial ablation in patients with coronary and/or valvular heart disease plus atrial fibrillation: final results of the PRAGUE-12 randomized multicentre study. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2644-2652
Healey JS, Crystal E, Lamy A, Teoh K, Semelhago L, Hohnloser SH, Cybulsky I, Abouzahr L, Sawchuck C, Carroll S, Morillo C, Kleine P, Chu V, Lonn E, Connolly SJ. Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS): results of a randomized controlled pilot study of left atrial appendage occlusion during coronary bypass surgery in patients at risk for stroke. Am Heart J 2005;150:288-293
Tsai YC, Phan K, Munkholm-Larsen S, Tian DH, La Meir M, Yan TD. Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion during cardiac surgery for patients with atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015;47:847-854
Whitlock RP, Vincent J, Blackall MH, Hirsh J, Fremes S, Novick R, Devereaux PJ, Teoh K, Lamy A, Connolly SJ, Yusuf S, Carrier M, Healey JS. Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study II (LAAOS II). Can J Cardiol 2013;29:1443-1447
Aryana A, Singh SK, Singh SM, GearoidO'Neill P, Bowers MR, Allen SL, Lewandowski SL, Vierra EC, d'Avila A. Association between incomplete surgical ligation of left atrial appendage and stroke and systemic embolization. Heart Rhythm 2015;12:1431-1437
Gillinov AM, Gelijns AC, Parides MK, DeRose JJ Jr, Moskowitz AJ, Voisine P, Ailawadi G, Bouchard D, Smith PK, Mack MJ, Acker MA, Mullen JC, Rose EA, Chang HL, Puskas JD, Couderc JP, Gardner TJ, Varghese R, Horvath KA, Bolling SF, Michler RE, Geller NL, Ascheim DD, Miller MA, Bagiella E, Moquete EG, Williams P, Taddei-Peters WC, O'Gara PT, Blackstone EH, Argenziano M, CTSN Investigators. Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation during mitral-valve surgery. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1399-1409
Whitlock R, Healey J, Vincent J, Brady K, Teoh K, Royse A, Shah P, Guo Y, Alings M, Folkeringa RJ, Paparella D, Colli A, Meyer SR, Legare JF, Lamontagne F, ReentsW, Boning A, Connolly S. Rationale and design of the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS) III. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2014;3:45-54
Boersma LV, Castella M, van Boven W, Berruezo A, Yilmaz A, Nadal M, Sandoval E, Calvo N, Brugada J, Kelder J, Wijffels M, Mont L. Atrial fibrillation catheter ablation versus surgical ablation treatment (FAST): a 2-center randomized clinical trial. Circulation 2012;125:23-30
Grau AJ, Weimar C, Buggle F, Heinrich A, Goertler M, Neumaier S, Glahn J, Brandt T, HackeW, Diener H. Risk factors, outcome, and treatment in subtypes of ischemic stroke: the German stroke data bank. Stroke 2001;32:2559-2566
Giles MF, Rothwell PM. Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:1063-1072
Emberson J, Lees KR, Lyden P, Blackwell L, Albers G, Bluhmki E, Brott T, Cohen G, Davis S, Donnan G, Grotta J, Howard G, Kaste M, Koga M, von Kummer R, Lansberg M, Lindley RI, Murray G, Olivot JM, Parsons M, Tilley B, Toni D, Toyoda K, Wahlgren N, Wardlaw J, Whiteley W, Del Zoppo GJ, Baigent C, Sandercock P, HackeW, Stroke Thrombolysis Trialists' Collaborative Group. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet 2014;384:1929-1935
Diener HC, Stanford S, Abdul-Rahim A, Christensen L, Hougaard KD, Bakhai A, Veltkamp R,Worthmann H. Anti-thrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and intracranial hemorrhage. Expert Rev Neurother 2014;14:1019-1028
Hankey GJ, Norrving B, Hacke W, Steiner T. Management of acute stroke in patients taking novel oral anticoagulants. Int J Stroke 2014;9:627-632
Xian Y, Liang L, Smith EE, Schwamm LH, Reeves MJ, Olson DM, Hernandez AF, Fonarow GC, Peterson ED. Risks of intracranial hemorrhage among patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving warfarin and treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. JAMA 2012;307:2600-2608
Badhiwala JH, Nassiri F, Alhazzani W, Selim MH, Farrokhyar F, Spears J, Kulkarni AV, Singh S, Alqahtani A, Rochwerg B, Alshahrani M, Murty NK, Alhazzani A, Yarascavitch B, Reddy K, Zaidat OO, Almenawer SA. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis. JAMA 2015;314: 1832-1843
Paciaroni M, Agnelli G, Micheli S, Caso V. Efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment in acute cardioembolic stroke a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2007;38:423-430
Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, Antz M, Hacke W, Oldgren J, Sinnaeve P, Camm AJ, Kirchhof P. European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of new oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Europace 2013;15:625-651
Diener HC, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD,Wallentin L, Reilly PA, Yang S, Xavier D, Di Pasquale G, Yusuf S. Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1157-1163
Hankey GJ, Patel MR, Stevens SR, Becker RC, Breithardt G, Carolei A, Diener HC, Donnan GA, Halperin JL, Mahaffey KW, Mas JL, Massaro A, Norrving B, Nessel CC, Paolini JF, Roine RO, Singer DE, Wong L, Califf RM, Fox KA, Hacke W, ROCKET AF Steering Committee Investigators. Rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of ROCKET AF. Lancet Neurol 2012;11: 315-322
Easton JD, Lopes RD, Bahit MC,Wojdyla DM, Granger CB,Wallentin L, Alings M, Goto S, Lewis BS, Rosenqvist M, Hanna M, Mohan P, Alexander JH, Diener HC, ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:503-511
Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Diener HC, Makaritsis K, Michel P. Nonvitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2012;43:3298-3304
Paciaroni M, Agnelli G. Should oral anticoagulants be restarted after warfarin-associated cerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation? Thromb Haemost 2014;111:14-18
Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjoth F, Gorst-Rasmussen A, Rasmussen LH, Lip GY. Restarting Anticoagulant Treatment After Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and the Impact on Recurrent Stroke, Mortality, and Bleeding: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Circulation 2015;132:517-525
Flaker GC, Gruber M, Connolly SJ, Goldman S, Chaparro S, Vahanian A, Halinen MO, Horrow J, Halperin JL. Risks and benefits of combining aspirin with anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: an exploratory analysis of stroke prevention using an oral thrombin inhibitor in atrial fibrillation (SPORTIF) trials. Am Heart J 2006;152:967-973
Yung D, Kapral MK, Asllani E, Fang J, Lee DS, Investigators of the Registry of the Canadian Stroke Network. Reinitiation of anticoagulation after warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage and mortality risk: the Best Practice ESC Guidelines
Boersma LV, Schmidt B, Betts TR, Sievert H, Tamburino C, Teiger E, Pokushalov E, Kische S, Schmitz T, Stein KM, Bergmann MW, EWOLUTION investigators. Implant success and safety of left atrial appendage closure with the WATCHMAN device: peri-procedural outcomes from the EWOLUTION registry. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2465-2474. 1678e for Reinitiating Anticoagulation
Therapy After Intracranial Bleeding (BRAIN) study. Can J Cardiol 2012;28:33-39
Roskell NS, Samuel M, Noack H, Monz BU. Major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving vitamin K antagonists: a systematic review of randomized and observational studies. Europace 2013;15:787-797
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Bohm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleight P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Zannad F, Redon J, Dominiczak A, Narkiewicz K, Nilsson PM, Burnier M, Viigimaa M, Ambrosioni E, Caufield M, Coca A, Olsen MH, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis C, van Borne P, Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Clement DL, Coca A, Gillebert TC, Tendera M, Rosei EA, Ambrosioni E, Anker SD, Bauersachs J, Hitij JB, Caulfield M, De Buyzere M, De Geest S, Derumeaux GA, Erdine S, Farsang C, Funck-Brentano C, Gerc V, Germano G, Gielen S, Haller H, Hoes AW, Jordan J, Kahan T, Komajda M, Lovic D, Mahrholdt H, Olsen MH, Ostergren J, Parati G, Perk J, Polonia J, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Ryden L, Sirenko Y, Stanton A, Struijker-Boudier H, Tsioufis C, van Borne P, Vlachopoulos C, Volpe M, Wood DA. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013;34:2159-2219
Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz M, Healey JS, Oldgren J, Yang S, Alings M, Kaatz S, Hohnloser SH, Diener HC, Franzosi MG, Huber K, Reilly P, Varrone J, Yusuf S. Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation 2011;123:2363-2372
Goodman SG, Wojdyla DM, Piccini JP, White HD, Paolini JF, Nessel CC, Berkowitz SD, Mahaffey KW, Patel MR, Sherwood MW, Becker RC, Halperin JL, Hacke W, Singer DE, Hankey GJ, Breithardt G, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCKETAF Investigators. Factors associated with major bleeding events: insights from the ROCKETAF trial (rivaroxaban once-daily oral direct factor Xa inhibition compared with vitamin K antagonism for prevention of stroke and embolism trial in atrial fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:891-900
Chang HY, Zhou M, Tang W, Alexander GC, Singh S. Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with oral anticoagulants: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2015;350:h1585
Abraham NS, Singh S, Alexander GC, Heien H, Haas LR, Crown W, Shah ND. Comparative risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin: population based cohort study. BMJ 2015;350:h1857
Björck F, Renlund H, Lip GYH,Wester P, Svensson PJ, Själander A. Outcomes in a Warfarin-Treated Population With Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA Cardiology 2016;1: 172-180
Jacobs LG, Billett HH, Freeman K, Dinglas C, Jumaquio L. Anticoagulation for stroke prevention in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation, including those with falls and/or early-stage dementia: a single-center, retrospective, observational study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2009;7:159-166
Banerjee A, Clementy N, Haguenoer K, Fauchier L, Lip GY. Prior history of falls and risk of outcomes in atrial fibrillation: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Am J Med 2014;127:972-978
Palareti G, Cosmi B. Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy-who is at risk, and how best to identify such patients. Thromb Haemost 2009;102:268-278
van Schie RM, Wadelius MI, Kamali F, Daly AK, Manolopoulos VG, Boer A, Barallon R, Verhoef TI, Kirchheiner J, Haschke-Becher E, Briz M, Rosendaal FR, Redekop WK, Pirmohamed M, Maitland Zee AH. Genotype-guided dosing of coumarin derivatives: the European pharmacogenetics of anticoagulant therapy (EU-PACT) trial design. Pharmacogenomics 2009;10:1687-1695
International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium, Klein TE, Altman RB, Eriksson N, Gage BF, Kimmel SE, Lee MT, Limdi NA, Page D, Roden DM, Wagner MJ, Caldwell MD, Johnson JA. Estimation of the warfarin dose with clinical and pharmacogenetic data. N Engl J Med 2009;360:753-764
Schwarz UI, Ritchie MD, Bradford Y, Li C, Dudek SM, Frye-Anderson A, Kim RB, Roden DM, Stein CM. Genetic determinants of response to warfarin during initial anticoagulation. N Engl J Med 2008;358:999-1008
Tang T, Liu J, Zuo K, Cheng J, Chen L, Lu C, Han S, Xu J, Jia Z, Ye M, Pei E, Zhang X, Li M. Genotype-Guided Dosing of Coumarin Anticoagulants: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2015;20:387-394
Douketis JD, Spyropoulos AC, Kaatz S, Becker RC, Caprini JA, Dunn AS, Garcia DA, Jacobson A, Jaffer AK, Kong DF, Schulman S, Turpie AG, Hasselblad V, Ortel TL, BRIDGE Investigators. Perioperative Bridging Anticoagulation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2015;373:823-833
Cuker A, Siegal DM, Crowther MA, Garcia DA. Laboratory measurement of the anticoagulant activity of the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:1128-1139
Niessner A, Tamargo J, Morais J, Koller L, Wassmann S, Husted SE, Torp-Pedersen C, Kjeldsen K, Lewis BS, Drexel H, Kaski JC, Atar D, Storey RF, Lip GY, Verheugt FW, Agewall S. Reversal strategies for non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: a critical appraisal of available evidence and recommendations for clinical management-A joint position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Eur Heart J;doi:10.1093/ eurheartj/ehv676. Published online ahead of print 24 December 2015
Parry-Jones AR, Di Napoli M, Goldstein JN, Schreuder FH, Tetri S, Tatlisumak T, Yan B, Nieuwenhuizen KM, Dequatre-Ponchelle N, Lee-Archer M, Horstmann S, Wilson D, Pomero F, Masotti L, Lerpiniere C, Godoy DA, Cohen AS, Houben R, Salman RA, Pennati P, Fenoglio L, Werring D, Veltkamp R, Wood E, Dewey HM, Cordonnier C, Klijn CJ, Meligeni F, Davis SM, Huhtakangas J, Staals J, Rosand J, Meretoja A. Reversal strategies for vitamin K antagonists in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 2015;78: 54-62
Goldstein JN, Refaai MA, Milling TJ Jr, Lewis B, Goldberg-Alberts R, Hug BA, Sarode R. Four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate versus plasma for rapid vitamin K antagonist reversal in patients needing urgent surgical or invasive interventions: a phase 3b, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised trial. Lancet 2015; 385:2077-2087
Siegal DM, Curnutte JT, Connolly SJ, Lu G, Conley PB, Wiens BL, Mathur VS, Castillo J, Bronson MD, Leeds JM, Mar FA, Gold A, Crowther MA. Andexanet Alfa for the Reversal of Factor Xa Inhibitor Activity. N Engl J Med 2015;373: 2413-2424
Crowther M, Crowther MA. Antidotes for novel oral anticoagulants: current status and future potential. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015;35:1736-1745
Staerk L, Lip GY, Olesen JB, Fosbol EL, Pallisgaard JL, Bonde AN, Gundlund A, Lindhardt TB, Hansen ML, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH. Stroke and recurrent haemorrhage associated with antithrombotic treatment after gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ 2015; 351:h5876
Felmeden DC, Lip GY. Antithrombotic therapy in hypertension: a Cochrane Systematic review. J Hum Hypertens 2005;19:185-196
Sharma M, Cornelius VR, Patel JP, Davies JG, Molokhia M. Efficacy and Harms of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in the Elderly for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Circulation 2015;132:194-204
Ruiz-Nodar JM, Marin F, Hurtado JA, Valencia J, Pinar E, Pineda J, Gimeno JR, Sogorb F, Valdes M, Lip GYH. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy use in 426 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation implications for bleeding risk and prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:818-825
Hansen ML, Sorensen R, Clausen MT, Fog-Petersen ML, Raunso J, Gadsboll N, Gislason GH, Folke F, Andersen SS, Schramm TK, Abildstrom SZ, Poulsen HE, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C. Risk of bleeding with single, dual, or triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel in patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1433-1441
Lamberts M, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, Hansen CM, Karasoy D, Kristensen SL, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH, Hansen ML. Bleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation 2012;126:1185-1193
Windecker S, Kolh P, Alfonso F, Collet JP, Cremer J, Falk V, Filippatos G, Hamm C, Head SJ, Juni P, Kappetein AP, Kastrati A, Knuuti J, Landmesser U, Laufer G, Neumann FJ, Richter DJ, Schauerte P, Sousa Uva M, Stefanini GG, Taggart DP, Torracca L, Valgimigli M, Wijns W, Witkowski A. 2014 ESC/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial revascularization: The Task Force on Myocardial Revascularization of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Developed with the special contribution of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2541-2619
Vandvik PO, Lincoff AM, Gore JM, Gutterman DD, Sonnenberg FA, Alonso-Coello P, Akl EA, Lansberg MG, Guyatt GH, Spencer FA, American College of Chest Physicians. Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141:e637S-668S. 1678f ESC Guidelines
Rubboli A, Faxon DP, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Schlitt A, Marin F, Bhatt DL, Lip GYH. The optimal management of patients on oral anticoagulation undergoing coronary artery stenting. The 10th Anniversary Overview. Thromb Haemost 2014;112: 1080-1087
Oldgren J,Wallentin L, Alexander JH, James S, Jonelid B, Steg G, Sundstrom J. New oral anticoagulants in addition to single or dual antiplatelet therapy after an acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2013;34: 1670-1680
Lip GY, Windecker S, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Marin F, Ten Berg JM, Haeusler KG, Boriani G, Capodanno D, Gilard M, Zeymer U, Lane D, Storey RF, Bueno H, Collet JP, Fauchier L, Halvorsen S, Lettino M, Morais J, Mueller C, Potpara TS, Rasmussen LH, Rubboli A, Tamargo J, Valgimigli M, Zamorano JL. Management of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergoing percutaneous coronary or valve interventions: a joint consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and European Association of Acute Cardiac Care (ACCA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS). Eur Heart J 2014;35:3155-3179
Mega JL, Braunwald E, Mohanavelu S, Burton P, Poulter R, Misselwitz F, Hricak V, Barnathan ES, Bordes P, Witkowski A, Markov V, Oppenheimer L, Gibson CM, ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46 study group. Rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ATLAS ACS-TIMI 46): a randomised, double-blind, phase II trial. Lancet 2009;374:29-38
Sarafoff N, Martischnig A,Wealer J, Mayer K, Mehilli J, Sibbing D, Kastrati A. Triple therapy with aspirin, prasugrel, and vitamin K antagonists in patients with drug-eluting stent implantation and an indication for oral anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2060-2066
Jackson LR, Ju C, Zettler M, Messenger JC, Cohen DJ, Stone GW, Baker BA, Effron M, Peterson ED, Wang TY. Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving an Oral Anticoagulant and Dual Antiplatelet Therapy: A Comparison of Clopidogrel Versus Prasugrel From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015;8: 1880-1889
Dewilde WJM, Oirbans T, Verheugt FWA, Kelder JC, De Smet BJGL, Herrman J-P, Adriaenssens T, Vrolix M, Heestermans AACM, Vis MM, Tijsen JGP, Hof AW, Berg JM. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013;381:1107-1115
Braun OÖ, Bico B, Chaudhry U, Wagner H, Koul S, Tyden P, Schersten F, Jovinge S, Svensson PJ, Gustav Smith J, van der Pals J. Concomitant use of warfarin and ticagrelor as an alternative to triple antithrombotic therapy after an acute coronary syndrome. Thromb Res 2015;135:26-30
Nikolaidou T, Channer KS. Chronic atrial fibrillation: a systematic review of medical heart rate control management. Postgrad Med J 2009;85:303-312
Tamariz LJ, Bass EB. Pharmacological rate control of atrial fibrillation. Cardiol Clin 2004;22:35-45
Segal JB, McNamara RL, Miller MR, Kim N, Goodman SN, Powe NR, Robinson K, Yu D, Bass EB. The evidence regarding the drugs used for ventricular rate control. In. J Fam Practice 2000; 49:47-59
Schreck DM, Rivera AR, Tricarico VJ. Emergency management of atrial fibrillation and flutter: intravenous diltiazem versus intravenous digoxin. Ann Emerg Med 1997;29:135-140
Siu CW, Lau CP, Lee WL, Lam KF, Tse HF. Intravenous diltiazem is superior to intravenous amiodarone or digoxin for achieving ventricular rate control in patients with acute uncomplicated atrial fibrillation. Crit Care Med 2009;37: 2174-2179; quiz 2180
Tisdale JE, Padhi ID, Goldberg AD, Silverman NA,Webb CR, Higgins RS, Paone G, Frank DM, Borzak S. A randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous diltiazem and digoxin for atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Am Heart J 1998;135:739-747
Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, Christenson J, Heslop C, Heilbron B, McGrath L, Innes G. Safety and efficiency of calcium channel blockers versus betablockers for rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation and no acute underlying medical illness. Acad Emerg Med 2013;20:222-230
Darby AE, Dimarco JP. Management of atrial fibrillation in patients with structural heart disease. Circulation 2012;125:945-957
Elkayam U. Calcium channel blockers in heart failure. Cardiology 1998;89:38-46
Goldstein RE, Boccuzzi SJ, Cruess D, Nattel S. Diltiazem increases late-onset congestive heart failure in postinfarction patients with early reduction in ejection fraction. The Adverse Experience Committee; and the Multicenter Diltiazem Postinfarction Research Group. Circulation 1991;83:52-60
Clemo HF,Wood MA, Gilligan DM, Ellenbogen KA. Intravenous amiodarone for acute heart rate control in the critically ill patient with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:594-598
Delle Karth G, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, Haumer M, Gschwandtner M, Siostrzonek P, Heinz G. Amiodarone versus diltiazem for rate control in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Crit Care Med 2001;29:1149-1153
Hou ZY, Chang MS, Chen CY, Tu MS, Lin SL, Chiang HT, Woosley RL. Acute treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation and flutter with a tailored dosing regimen of intravenous amiodarone. A randomized, digoxin-controlled study. Eur Heart J 1995;16:521-528
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Atrial fibrillation: management. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg180/ (5 May 2016)
Kotecha D, Manzano L, Krum H, Rosano G, Holmes J, Altman DG, Collins P, Packer M, Wikstrand J, Coats AJS, Cleland JGF, Kirchhof P, von Lueder TG, Rigby A, Andersson B, Lip GYH, van Veldhuisen DJ, Shibata MC, Wedel H, Böhm M, Flather MD, Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group. Effect of age and sex on efficacy and tolerability of b blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: individual patient data meta-analysis. BMJ 2016;353:i1855
Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Carlson J, Platonov PG, Pripp AH, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H, Gjesdal K, Tveit A. Comparison of four single-drug regimens on ventricular rate and arrhythmia-related symptoms in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2013;111:225-230
Ulimoen SR, Enger S, Pripp AH, Abdelnoor M, Arnesen H, Gjesdal K, Tveit A. Calcium channel blockers improve exercise capacity and reduce N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with beta-blockers in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2014;35:517-524
Goldberger ZD, Alexander GC. Digitalis use in contemporary clinical practice: refitting the foxglove. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:151-154
The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:525-533
Ahmed A, Rich MW, Fleg JL, Zile MR, Young JB, Kitzman DW, Love TE, Aronow WS, Adams KF Jr, Gheorghiade M. Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial. Circulation 2006;114:397-403
Hallberg P, Lindback J, Lindahl B, Stenestrand U, Melhus H. Digoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63: 959-971
Whitbeck MG, Charnigo RJ, Khairy P, Ziada K, Bailey AL, Zegarra MM, Shah J, Morales G, Macaulay T, Sorrell VL, Campbell CL, Gurley J, Anaya P, Nasr H, Bai R, Di Biase L, Booth DC, Jondeau G, Natale A, Roy D, Smyth S, Moliterno DJ, Elayi CS. Increased mortality among patients taking digoxin-analysis from the AFFIRM study. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1481-1488
Gheorghiade M, Fonarow GC, van Veldhuisen DJ, Cleland JG, Butler J, Epstein AE, Patel K, Aban IB, Aronow WS, Anker SD, Ahmed A. Lack of evidence of increased mortality among patients with atrial fibrillation taking digoxin: findings from post hoc propensity-matched analysis of the AFFIRM trial. Eur Heart J 2013;34: 1489-1497
Flory JH, Ky B, Haynes K, S MB, Munson J, Rowan C, Strom BL, Hennessy S. Observational cohort study of the safety of digoxin use in women with heart failure. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000888
Andrey JL, Romero S, Garcia-Egido A, Escobar MA, Corzo R, Garcia-Dominguez G, Lechuga V, Gomez F. Mortality and morbidity of heart failure treated with digoxin. A propensity-matched study. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65: 1250-1258
Allen LA, Fonarow GC, Simon DN, Thomas LE, Marzec LN, Pokorney SD, Gersh BJ, Go AS, Hylek EM, Kowey PR, Mahaffey KW, Chang P, Peterson ED, Piccini JP, ORBIT-AF Investigators. Digoxin Use and Subsequent Outcomes Among Patients in a Contemporary Atrial Fibrillation Cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2691-2698
Khand AU, Rankin AC, Martin W, Taylor J, Gemmell I, Cleland JG. Carvedilol alone or in combination with digoxin for the management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1944-1951
Farshi R, Kistner D, Sarma JS, Longmate JA, Singh BN. Ventricular rate control in chronic atrial fibrillation during daily activity and programmed exercise: a crossover open-label study of five drug regimens. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:304-310. ESC Guidelines
Ziff OJ, Kotecha D. Digoxin: The good and the bad. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 2016;26:585-595
Turakhia MP, Santangeli P, Winkelmayer WC, Xu X, Ullal AJ, Than CT, Schmitt S, Holmes TH, Frayne SM, Phibbs CS, Yang F, Hoang DD, Ho PM, Heidenreich PA. Increased mortality associated with digoxin in contemporary patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from the TREAT-AF study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64: 660-668. 1678g
Koh KK, Kwon KS, Park HB, Baik SH, Park SJ, Lee KH, Kim EJ, Kim SH, Cho SK, Kim SS. Efficacy and safety of digoxin alone and in combination with low-dose diltiazem or betaxolol to control ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:88-90
Lewis RV, McMurray J, McDevitt DG. Effects of atenolol, verapamil, and xamoterol on heart rate and exercise tolerance in digitalised patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989;13:1-6
Tsuneda T, Yamashita T, Fukunami M, Kumagai K, Niwano S, Okumura K, Inoue H. Rate control and quality of life in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: the Quality of Life and Atrial Fibrillation (QOLAF) Study. Circ J 2006;70:965-970
ClinicalTrials.gov. Rate Control Therapy Evaluation in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02391337 (5 May 2016)
Van Gelder IC, Groenveld HF, Crijns HJ, Tuininga YS, Tijssen JG, Alings AM, Hillege HL, Bergsma-Kadijk JA, Cornel JH, Kamp O, Tukkie R, Bosker HA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Van den Berg MP, RACE II Investigators. Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1363-1373
Groenveld HF, Crijns HJ, Van den Berg MP, Van Sonderen E, Alings AM, Tijssen JG, Hillege HL, Tuininga YS, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Ranchor AV, Van Gelder IC, RACE II Investigators. The effect of rate control on quality of life in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: data from the RACE II (Rate Control Efficacy in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation II) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:1795-1803
Van Gelder IC, Wyse DG, Chandler ML, Cooper HA, Olshansky B, Hagens VE, Crijns HJ, RACE and AFFIRM Investigators. Does intensity of rate-control influence outcome in atrial fibrillation? An analysis of pooled data from the RACE and AFFIRM studies. Europace 2006;8:935-942
Queiroga A, Marshall HJ, Clune M, Gammage MD. Ablate and pace revisited: long term survival and predictors of permanent atrial fibrillation. Heart 2003;89: 1035-1038
Lim KT, Davis MJ, Powell A, Arnolda L, Moulden K, Bulsara M, Weerasooriya R. Ablate and pace strategy for atrial fibrillation: long-term outcome of AIRCRAFT trial. Europace 2007;9:498-505
Geelen P, Brugada J, Andries E, Brugada P. Ventricular fibrillation and sudden death after radiofrequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20:343-348
Wang RX, Lee HC, Hodge DO, Cha YM, Friedman PA, Rea RF, Munger TM, Jahangir A, Srivathsan K, Shen WK. Effect of pacing method on risk of sudden death after atrioventricular node ablation and pacemaker implantation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:696-701
Chatterjee NA, Upadhyay GA, Ellenbogen KA, McAlister FA, Choudhry NK, Singh JP. Atrioventricular nodal ablation in atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis and systematic review. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012;5:68-76
Bradley DJ, Shen WK. Overview of management of atrial fibrillation in symptomatic elderly patients: pharmacologic therapy versus AV node ablation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;81:284-287
Wood MA, Brown-Mahoney C, Kay GN, Ellenbogen KA. Clinical outcomes after ablation and pacing therapy for atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis. Circulation 2000; 101:1138-1144
Ozcan C, Jahangir A, Friedman PA, Patel PJ, Munger TM, Rea RF, Lloyd MA, Packer DL, Hodge DO, Gersh BJ, Hammill SC, Shen WK. Long-term survival after ablation of the atrioventricular node and implantation of a permanent pacemaker in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1043-1051
Hess PL, Jackson KP, Hasselblad V, Al-Khatib SM. Is cardiac resynchronization therapy an antiarrhythmic therapy for atrial fibrillation? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Cardiol Rep 2013;15:330
Hoppe UC, Casares JM, Eiskjaer H, Hagemann A, Cleland JG, Freemantle N, Erdmann E. Effect of cardiac resynchronization on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe heart failure. Circulation 2006;114:18-25
Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, Cleland J, Deharo JC, Delgado V, Elliott PM, Gorenek B, Israel CW, Leclercq C, Linde C, Mont L, Padeletti L, Sutton R, Vardas PE, Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Kirchhof P, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Badano LP, Aliyev F, Bansch D, Baumgartner H, Bsata W, Buser P, Charron P, Daubert JC, Dobreanu D, Faerestrand S, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Le Heuzey JY, Mavrakis H, McDonagh T, Merino JL, Nawar MM, Nielsen JC, Pieske B, Poposka L, Ruschitzka F, Tendera M, Van Gelder IC, Wilson CM. 2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the Task Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Eur Heart J 2013;34:2281-2329
Chatterjee NA, Upadhyay GA, Ellenbogen KA, Hayes DL, Singh JP. Atrioventricular nodal ablation in atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis of biventricular vs. right ventricular pacing mode. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:661-667
Lewis RV, Irvine N, McDevitt DG. Relationships between heart rate, exercise tolerance and cardiac output in atrial fibrillation: the effects of treatment with digoxin, verapamil and diltiazem. Eur Heart J 1988;9:777-781
Mulder BA, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Crijns HJ, Tijssen JG, Hillege HL, Alings M, Rienstra M, Van den Berg MP, Van Gelder IC, RACE II Investigators. Digoxin in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: data from the RACE II study. Heart Rhythm 2014;11:1543-1550
Koh KK, Song JH, Kwon KS, Park HB, Baik SH, Park YS, In HH, Moon TH, Park GS, Cho SK, Kim SS. Comparative study of efficacy and safety of low-dose diltiazem or betaxolol in combination with digoxin to control ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation: randomized crossover study. Int J Cardiol 1995;52:167-174
Chatterjee S, Sardar P, Lichstein E, Mukherjee D, Aikat S. Pharmacologic rate versus rhythm-control strategies in atrial fibrillation: an updated comprehensive review and meta-analysis. PACE 2013;36:122-133
Denus S, Sanoski CA, Carlsson J, Opolski G, Spinler SA. Rate vs rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2005;165: 258-262
Lafuente-Lafuente C, Longas-Tejero MA, Bergmann JF, Belmin J. Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;5:CD005049
Roy D, Talajic M, Dorian P, Connolly S, Eisenberg MJ, Green M, Kus T, Lambert J, Dubuc M, Gagne P, Nattel S, Thibault B. Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:913-920
Roy D, Talajic M, Nattel S, Wyse DG, Dorian P, Lee KL, Bourassa MG, Arnold JM, Buxton AE, Camm AJ, Connolly SJ, Dubuc M, Ducharme A, Guerra PG, Hohnloser SH, Lambert J, Le Heuzey JY, O'Hara G, Pedersen OD, Rouleau JL, Singh BN, Stevenson LW, Stevenson WG, Thibault B,Waldo AL. Rhythm control versus rate control for atrial fibrillation and heart failure. N Engl J Med 2008;358: 2667-2677
Singh BN, Connolly SJ, Crijns HJ, Roy D, Kowey PR, Capucci A, Radzik D, Aliot EM, Hohnloser SH. Dronedarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation or flutter. N Engl J Med 2007;357:987-999
Kirchhof P, Andresen D, Bosch R, Borggrefe M, Meinertz T, Parade U, Ravens U, Samol A, Steinbeck G, Treszl A,Wegscheider K, Breithardt G. Short-term versus long-term antiarrhythmic drug treatment after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (Flec-SL): a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint assessment trial. Lancet 2012;380:238-246
Cosedis Nielsen J, Johannessen A, Raatikainen P, Hindricks G, Walfridsson H, Kongstad O, Pehrson S, Englund A, Hartikainen J, Mortensen LS, Hansen PS. Radiofrequency ablation as initial therapy in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1587-1595
Wilber DJ, Pappone C, Neuzil P, De Paola A, Marchlinski F, Natale A, Macle L, Daoud EG, Calkins H, Hall B, Reddy V, Augello G, Reynolds MR, Vinekar C, Liu CY, Berry SM, Berry DA, ThermoCool AF Trial Investigators. Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010; 303:333-340
Arbelo E, Brugada J, Hindricks G, Maggioni AP, Tavazzi L, Vardas P, Laroche C, Anselme F, Inama G, Jais P, Kalarus Z, Kautzner J, Lewalter T, Mairesse GH, Perez-Villacastin J, Riahi S, Taborsky M, Theodorakis G, Trines SA, Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Pilot Study Investigators. The atrial fibrillation ablation pilot study: a European Survey on Methodology and results of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation conducted by the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J 2014;35: 1466-1478
Hohnloser SH, Crijns HJ, van Eickels M, Gaudin C, Page RL, Torp-Pedersen C, Connolly SJ. Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009;360:668-678
Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, Domanski MJ, Rosenberg Y, Schron EB, Kellen JC, Greene HL, Mickel MC, Dalquist JE, Corley SD. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1825-1833
Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, Kingma JH, Kamp O, Kingma T, Said SA, Darmanata JI, Timmermans AJ, Tijssen JG, Crijns HJ, Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Study Group. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1834-1840
Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior DA, Szulc M,Wozakowska-Kaplon B, Kolodziej P, Achremczyk P, Investigators of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Study. Rate control vs rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: the results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study. Chest 2004;126:476-486. 1678h ESC Guidelines
Kong MH, Shaw LK, O'Connor C, Califf RM, Blazing MA, Al-Khatib SM. Is rhythmcontrol superior to rate-control in patients with atrial fibrillation and diastolic heart failure? Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2010;15:209-217
Kotecha D, Kirchhof P. Rate and rhythm control have comparable effects on mortality and stroke in atrial fibrillation but better data are needed. Evid Based Med 2014;19:222-223
ClinicalTrials.gov. Catheter Ablation vs Anti-arrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation Trial (CABANA). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00911508 (5 May 2016)
Khan IA. Oral loading single dose flecainide for pharmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2003;87:121-128
Chevalier P, Durand-Dubief A, Burri H, Cucherat M, Kirkorian G, Touboul P. Amiodarone versus placebo and class Ic drugs for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:255-262
Letelier LM, Udol K, Ena J,Weaver B, Guyatt GH. Effectiveness of amiodarone for conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:777-785
Khan IA, Mehta NJ, Gowda RM. Amiodarone for pharmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2003;89:239-248
Thomas SP, Guy D, Wallace E, Crampton R, Kijvanit P, Eipper V, Ross DL, Cooper MJ. Rapid loading of sotalol or amiodarone for management of recent onset symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized, digoxin-controlled trial. Am Heart J 2004;147:E3
Vijayalakshmi K, Whittaker VJ, Sutton A, Campbell P, Wright RA, Hall JA, Harcombe AA, Linker NJ, Stewart MJ, Davies A, de Belder MA. A randomized trial of prophylactic antiarrhythmic agents (amiodarone and sotalol) in patients with atrial fibrillation for whom direct current cardioversion is planned. Am Heart J 2006;151:863.e1-6
Singh BN, Singh SN, Reda DJ, Tang XC, Lopez B, Harris CL, Fletcher RD, Sharma SC, Atwood JE, Jacobson AK, Lewis HD Jr, Raisch DW, Ezekowitz MD. Amiodarone versus sotalol for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2005;352: 1861-1872
Roy D, Pratt CM, Torp-Pedersen C, Wyse DG, Toft E, Juul-Moller S, Nielsen T, Rasmussen SL, Stiell IG, Coutu B, Ip JH, Pritchett EL, Camm AJ. Vernakalant hydrochloride for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation: a phase 3, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. Circulation 2008;117:1518-1525
Kowey PR, Dorian P, Mitchell LB, Pratt CM, Roy D, Schwartz PJ, Sadowski J, Sobczyk D, Bochenek A, Toft E. Vernakalant hydrochloride for the rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:652-659
Camm AJ, Capucci A, Hohnloser SH, Torp-Pedersen C, Van Gelder IC, Mangal B, Beatch G. A randomized active-controlled study comparing the efficacy and safety of vernakalant to amiodarone in recent-onset atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:313-321
Bash LD, Buono JL, Davies GM, Martin A, Fahrbach K, Phatak H, Avetisyan R, Mwamburi M. Systematic reviewand meta-analysis of the efficacy of cardioversion by vernakalant and comparators in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012;26:167-179
Falk RH, Pollak A, Singh SN, Friedrich T. Intravenous dofetilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, for the termination of sustained atrial fibrillation or flutter. Intravenous Dofetilide Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:385-390
Dankner R, Shahar A, Novikov I, Agmon U, Ziv A, Hod H. Treatment of stable atrial fibrillation in the emergency department: a population-based comparison of electrical direct-current versus pharmacological cardioversion or conservative management. Cardiology 2009;112:270-278
Chen WS, Gao BR, Chen WQ, Li ZZ, Xu ZY, Zhang YH, Yang K, Guan XQ. Comparison of pharmacological and electrical cardioversion in permanent atrial fibrillation after prosthetic cardiac valve replacement: a prospective randomized trial. J Int Med Res 2013;41:1067-1073
Gitt AK, SmolkaW, Michailov G, Bernhardt A, Pittrow D, Lewalter T. Types and outcomes of cardioversion in patients admitted to hospital for atrial fibrillation: results of the German RHYTHM-AF Study. Clin Res Cardiol 2013;102:713-723
Cristoni L, Tampieri A, Mucci F, Iannone P, Venturi A, Cavazza M, Lenzi T. Cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation in the short observation unit: comparison of a protocol focused on electrical cardioversion with simple antiarrhythmic treatment. Emerg Med J 2011;28:932-937
Bellone A, Etteri M, Vettorello M, Bonetti C, Clerici D, Gini G, Maino C, Mariani M, Natalizi A, Nessi I, Rampoldi A, Colombo L. Cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation in the emergency department: a prospective randomised trial. Emerg Med J 2012;29:188-191
Crijns HJ, Weijs B, Fairley AM, Lewalter T, Maggioni AP, Martin A, Ponikowski P, Rosenqvist M, Sanders P, Scanavacca M, Bash LD, Chazelle F, Bernhardt A, Gitt AK, Lip GY, Le Heuzey JY. Contemporary real life cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: Results from the multinational RHYTHM-AF study. Int J Cardiol 2014;172: 588-594
Lip GY, Gitt AK, Le Heuzey JY, Bash LD, Morabito CJ, Bernhardt AA, Sisk CM, Chazelle F, Crijns HJ. Overtreatment and undertreatment with anticoagulation in relation to cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (the RHYTHM-AF study). Am J Cardiol 2014;113:480-484
Reisinger J, Gatterer E, LangW, Vanicek T, Eisserer G, Bachleitner T, Niemeth C, Aicher F, GranderW, Heinze G, Kuhn P, Siostrzonek P. Flecainide versus ibutilide for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation of recent onset. Eur Heart J 2004; 25:1318-1324
Stambler BS,Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA, Perry KT,Wakefield LK, VanderLugt JT. Efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous doses of ibutilide for rapid conversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation. Ibutilide Repeat Dose Study Investigators. Circulation 1996;94:1613-1621
Torp-Pedersen C, Camm AJ, Butterfield NN, Dickinson G, Beatch GN. Vernakalant: conversion of atrial fibrillation in patients with ischemic heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2013;166:147-151
Savelieva I, Graydon R, Camm AJ. Pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with vernakalant: evidence in support of the ESC Guidelines. Europace 2014; 16:162-173
Simon A, Niederdoeckl J, Skyllouriotis E, Schuetz N, Herkner H, Weiser C, Laggner AN, Domanovits H, Spiel AO. Vernakalant is superior to ibutilide for achieving sinus rhythm in patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial at the emergency department. Europace;doi:10.1093/europace/ euw052. Published online ahead of print 22 March 2016
Reisinger J, Gatterer E, Heinze G, Wiesinger K, Zeindlhofer E, Gattermeier M, Poelzl G, Kratzer H, Ebner A, HohenwallnerW, Lenz K, Slany J, Kuhn P. Prospective comparison of flecainide versus sotalol for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:1450-1454
Alboni P, Botto GL, Baldi N, Luzi M, Russo V, Gianfranchi L, Marchi P, Calzolari M, Solano A, Baroffio R, Gaggioli G. Outpatient treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with the "pill-in-The-pocket" approach. N Engl J Med 2004;351: 2384-2391
Saborido CM, Hockenhull J, Bagust A, Boland A, Dickson R, Todd D. Systematic review and cost-effectiveness evaluation of 'pill-in-The-pocket' strategy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation compared to episodic in-hospital treatment or continuous antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Health Technol Assess 2010;14:3-4, 1-75
Khan IA. Single oral loading dose of propafenone for pharmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:542-547
Stroobandt R, Stiels B, Hoebrechts R. Propafenone for conversion and prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation. Propafenone Atrial Fibrillation Trial Investigators. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:418-423
Hughes C, Sunderji R, Gin K. Oral propafenone for rapid conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation-A review. Can J Cardiol 1997;13:839-842
Zhang N, Guo JH, Zhang H, Li XB, Zhang P, Xn Y. Comparison of intravenous ibutilide vs. propafenone for rapid termination of recent onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Clin Pract 2005;59:1395-1400
Mittal S, Ayati S, Stein KM, Schwartzman D, Cavlovich D, Tchou PJ, Markowitz SM, Slotwiner DJ, Scheiner MA, Lerman BB. Transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: comparison of rectilinear biphasic versus damped sine wave monophasic shocks. Circulation 2000;101:1282-1287
Kirchhof P, Eckardt L, Loh P, Weber K, Fischer RJ, Seidl KH, Böcker D, Breithardt G, Haverkamp W, Borggrefe M. Anterior-posterior versus anteriorlateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002;360:1275-1279
Kirchhof P, Monnig G,Wasmer K, Heinecke A, Breithardt G, Eckardt L, Bocker D. A trial of self-adhesive patch electrodes and hand-held paddle electrodes for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (MOBIPAPA). Eur Heart J 2005;26: 1292-1297
Furniss SS, Sneyd JR. Safe sedation in modern cardiological practice. Heart 2015; 101:1526-1530
Alp N, Rahman S, Bell J, Shahi M. Randomised comparison of antero-lateral versus antero-posterior paddle positions for DC cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2000;75:211-216
Singh SN, Tang XC, Reda D, Singh BN. Systematic electrocardioversion for atrial fibrillation and role of antiarrhythmic drugs: a substudy of the SAFE-T trial. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:152-155
Channer KS, Birchall A, Steeds RP,Walters SJ, YeoWW,West JN, Muthusamy R, Rhoden WE, Saeed BT, Batin P, Brooksby WP, Wilson I, Grant S. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of pre-treatment and short-or long-term maintenance therapy with amiodarone supporting DC cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2004;25:144-150
Oral H, Souza JJ, Michaud GF, Knight BP, Goyal R, Strickberger SA, Morady F. Facilitating transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with ibutilide pretreatment. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1849-1854
Mussigbrodt A, John S, Kosiuk J, Richter S, Hindricks G, Bollmann A. Vernakalantfacilitated electrical cardioversion: comparison of intravenous vernakalant and amiodarone for drug-enhanced electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation after failed electrical cardioversion. Europace 2016;18:51-56
Bianconi L, Mennuni M, Lukic V, Castro A, Chieffi M, Santini M. Effects of oral propafenone administration before electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation: a placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:700-706
Nergardh AK, Rosenqvist M, Nordlander R, Frick M. Maintenance of sinus rhythm with metoprolol CR initiated before cardioversion and repeated cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1351-1357
Hemels ME, Van Noord T, Crijns HJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Veeger NJ, Bosker HA, Wiesfeld AC, Van den Berg MP, Ranchor AV, Van Gelder IC. Verapamil versus digoxin and acute versus routine serial cardioversion for the improvement of rhythm control for persistent atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48: 1001-1009
Villani GQ, Piepoli MF, Terracciano C, Capucci A. Effects of diltiazem pretreatment on direct-current cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: a single-blind, randomized, controlled study. Am Heart J 2000;140:e12
De Simone A, Stabile G, Vitale DF, Turco P, Di Stasio M, Petrazzuoli F, Gasparini M, De Matteis C, Rotunno R, Di Napoli T. Pretreatment with verapamil in patients with persistent or chronic atrial fibrillation who underwent electrical cardioversion. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:810-814
The Digitalis in Acute Atrial Fibrillation (DAAF) Trial Group. Intravenous digoxin in acute atrial fibrillation. Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled multicentre trial in 239 patients. Eur Heart J 1997;18:649-654
Atarashi H, Inoue H, Fukunami M, Sugi K, Hamada C, Origasa H. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aprindine and digoxin for the prevention of symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Circ J 2002;66:553-556
Airaksinen KE, Gronberg T, Nuotio I, Nikkinen M, Ylitalo A, Biancari F, Hartikainen JE. Thromboembolic complications after cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation: the FinCV (Finnish CardioVersion) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62: 1187-1192
Hansen ML, Jepsen RM, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, Karasoy D, Gislason GH, Hansen J, Kober L, Husted S, Torp-Pedersen C. Thromboembolic risk in 16 274 atrial fibrillation patients undergoing direct current cardioversion with and without oral anticoagulant therapy. Europace 2015;17:18-23
Schadlich PK, Schmidt-Lucke C, Huppertz E, Lehmacher W, Nixdorff U, Stellbrink C, Brecht JG. Economic evaluation of enoxaparin for anticoagulation in early cardioversion of persisting nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a statutory health insurance perspective from Germany. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2007;7:199-217
Schmidt-Lucke C, Paar WD, Stellbrink C, Nixdorff U, Hofmann T, Meurer J, Grewe R, Daniel WG, Hanrath P, Mugge A, Klein HU, Schmidt-Lucke JA. Quality of anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin plus phenprocoumon for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in cardioversion for non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Sub-analysis from the Anticoagulation in Cardioversion using Enoxaparin (ACE) trial. Thromb Res 2007;119:27-34
Stellbrink C, Nixdorff U, Hofmann T, Lehmacher W, Daniel WG, Hanrath P, Geller C, Mugge A, Sehnert W, Schmidt-Lucke C, Schmidt-Lucke JA. Safety and efficacy of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin and oral anticoagulants for prevention of thromboembolic complications in cardioversion of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the Anticoagulation in Cardioversion using Enoxaparin (ACE) trial. Circulation 2004;109:997-1003
Nuotio I, Hartikainen JE, Gronberg T, Biancari F, Airaksinen KE. Time to cardioversion for acute atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic complications. JAMA 2014;312:647-649
Klein AL, Grimm RA, Murray RD, Apperson-Hansen C, Asinger RW, Black IW, Davidoff R, Erbel R, Halperin JL, Orsinelli DA, Porter TR, Stoddard MF. Use of transesophageal echocardiography to guide cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1411-1420
Cappato R, Ezekowitz MD, Klein AL, Camm AJ, Ma CS, Le Heuzey JY, Talajic M, Scanavacca M, Vardas PE, Kirchhof P, Hemmrich M, Lanius V, Meng IL, Wildgoose P, van Eickels M, Hohnloser SH, Investigators XV. Rivaroxaban vs. vitamin K antagonists for cardioversion in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2014;35: 3346-3355
Darkner S, Chen X, Hansen J, Pehrson S, Johannessen A, Nielsen JB, Svendsen JH. Recurrence of arrhythmia following short-term oral AMIOdarone after CATheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (AMIO-CAT trial). Eur Heart J 2014;35:3356-3364
Singh SN, Fletcher RD, Fisher SG, Singh BN, Lewis HD, Deedwania PC, Massie BM, Colling C, Lazzeri D. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 1995;333:77-82
Kirchhof P, Franz MR, Bardai A, Wilde AM. Giant T-U waves precede torsades de pointes in long QT syndrome: a systematic electrocardiographic analysis in patients with acquired and congenital QT prolongation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54: 143-149
Goldschlager N, Epstein AE, Naccarelli GV, Olshansky B, Singh B, Collard HR, Murphy E. A practical guide for clinicians who treat patients with amiodarone: 2007. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:1250-1259
Wolkove N, Baltzan M. Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Can Respir J 2009;16: 43-48
Ahmed S, Rienstra M, Crijns HJ, Links TP, Wiesfeld AC, Hillege HL, Bosker HA, Lok DJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Van Gelder IC. Continuous vs episodic prophylactic treatment with amiodarone for the prevention of atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 2008;300:1784-1792
Davy JM, Herold M, Hoglund C, Timmermans A, Alings A, Radzik D, Van Kempen L. Dronedarone for the control of ventricular rate in permanent atrial fibrillation: the Efficacy and safety of dRonedArone for the cOntrol of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation (ERATO) study. Am Heart J 2008;156:527-9
Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, McMurray JJ, Gotzsche O, Levy S, Crijns H, Amlie J, Carlsen J, Dronedarone Study Group. Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2678-2687
Connolly SJ, Camm AJ, Halperin JL, Joyner C, Alings M, Amerena J, Atar D, Avezum A, Blomstrom P, Borggrefe M, Budaj A, Chen SA, Ching CK, Commerford P, Dans A, Davy JM, Delacretaz E, Di Pasquale G, Diaz R, Dorian P, Flaker G, Golitsyn S, Gonzalez-Hermosillo A, Granger CB, Heidbuchel H, Kautzner J, Kim JS, Lanas F, Lewis BS, Merino JL, Morillo C, Murin J, Narasimhan C, Paolasso E, Parkhomenko A, Peters NS, Sim KH, Stiles MK, Tanomsup S, Toivonen L, Tomcsanyi J, Torp-Pedersen C, Tse HF, Vardas P, Vinereanu D, Xavier D, Zhu J, Zhu JR, Baret-Cormel L, Weinling E, Staiger C, Yusuf S, Chrolavicius S, Afzal R, Hohnloser SH. Dronedarone in highrisk permanent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2268-2276
Tschuppert Y, Buclin T, Rothuizen LE, Decosterd LA, Galleyrand J, Gaud C, Biollaz J. Effect of dronedarone on renal function in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;64:785-791
The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989;321: 406-412
Freemantle N, Lafuente-Lafuente C, Mitchell S, Eckert L, Reynolds M. Mixed treatment comparison of dronedarone, amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide, and propafenone, for the management of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2011;13:329-345
Sherrid MV, Barac I, McKenna WJ, Elliott PM, Dickie S, Chojnowska L, Casey S, Maron BJ. Multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of disopyramide in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1251-1258
Sirak TE, Sherrid MV. Oral disopyramide for the acute treatment of severe outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the ICU setting. Chest 2008; 133:1243-1246
Sherrid MV, Shetty A, Winson G, Kim B, Musat D, Alviar CL, Homel P, Balaram SK, Swistel DG. Treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms and gradient resistant to first-line therapy with beta-blockade or verapamil. Circ Heart Fail 2013;6:694-702
Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, Friedman PL, MacNeil DJ, Pauls JF, Pitt B, Pratt CM, Schwartz PJ, Veltri EP. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. The SWORD Investigators. Survival With Oral d-Sotalol. Lancet 1996;348:7-12
Pedersen OD, Bagger H, Keller N, Marchant B, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C. Efficacy of dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function: a Danish investigations of arrhythmia and mortality on dofetilide (diamond) substudy. Circulation 2001;104:292-296
Shamiss Y, Khaykin Y, Oosthuizen R, Tunney D, Sarak B, Beardsall M, Seabrook C, Frost L, Wulffhart Z, Tsang B, Verma A. Dofetilide is safe and effective in preventing atrial fibrillation recurrences in patients accepted for catheter ablation. Europace 2009;11:1448-1455
Haverkamp W, Breithardt G, Camm AJ, Janse MJ, Rosen MR, Antzelevitch C, Escande D, Franz M, Malik M, Moss A, Shah R. The potential for QT prolongation and pro-arrhythmia by non-anti-arrhythmic drugs: clinical and regulatory implications. Report on a Policy Conference of the European Society of Cardiology. Cardiovasc Res 2000;47:219-233
Kääb S, Hinterseer M, Näbauer M, Steinbeck G. Sotalol testing unmasks altered repolarization in patients with suspected acquired long-QT-syndrome-A casecontrol pilot study using i.v. sotalol. Eur Heart J 2003;24:649-657
Fabritz L, Kirchhof P. Predictable and less predictable unwanted cardiac drugs effects: individual pre-disposition and transient precipitating factors. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010;106:263-268
Choy AM, Darbar D, Dell'Orto S, Roden DM. Exaggerated QT prolongation after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:396-401
Patten M, Maas R, Bauer P, Luderitz B, Sonntag F, Dluzniewski M, Hatala R, Opolski G, Muller HW, Meinertz T. Suppression of paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias-results of the SOPAT trial. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1395-1404. 1678j ESC Guidelines
Burashnikov A, Barajas-Martinez H, Hu D, Nof E, Blazek J, Antzelevitch C. Atrialselective prolongation of refractory period with AVE0118 is due principally to inhibition of sodium channel activity. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012;59:539-546
Ford J, Milnes J,Wettwer E, Christ T, Rogers M, Sutton K, Madge D, Virag L, Jost N, Horvath Z, Matschke K, Varro A, Ravens U. Human electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of XEN-D0101: a novel atrial-selective Kv1.5/IKur inhibitor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013;61:408-415
Loose S, Mueller J,Wettwer E, Knaut M, Ford J, Milnes J, Ravens U. Effects of IKur blocker MK-0448 on human right atrial action potentials from patients in sinus rhythm and in permanent atrial fibrillation. Front Pharmacol 2014;5:26
Schram G, Zhang L, Derakhchan K, Ehrlich JR, Belardinelli L, Nattel S. Ranolazine: ion-channel-blocking actions and in vivo electrophysiological effects. Br J Pharmacol 2004;142:1300-1308
McCormack JG, Barr RL,Wolff AA, Lopaschuk GD. Ranolazine stimulates glucose oxidation in normoxic, ischemic, and reperfused ischemic rat hearts. Circulation 1996;93:135-142
Scirica BM, Morrow DA, Hod H, Murphy SA, Belardinelli L, Hedgepeth CM, Molhoek P, Verheugt FW, Gersh BJ, McCabe CH, Braunwald E. Effect of ranolazine, an antianginal agent with novel electrophysiological properties, on the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with non ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: results from the Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 36 (MERLIN-TIMI 36) randomized controlled trial. Circulation 2007; 116:1647-1652
Scirica BM, Belardinelli L, Chaitman BR, Waks JW, Volo S, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Murphy SA, Cheng ML, Braunwald E, Morrow DA. Effect of ranolazine on atrial fibrillation in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial. Europace 2015;17:32-37
Reiffel JA, Camm AJ, Belardinelli L, Zeng D, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Olmsted A, ZarebaW, Rosero S, Kowey P, HARMONY Investigators. The HARMONY Trial: Combined Ranolazine and Dronedarone in the Management of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Synergism. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:1048-1056
Fragakis N, Koskinas KC, Katritsis DG, Pagourelias ED, Zografos T, Geleris P. Comparison of effectiveness of ranolazine plus amiodarone versus amiodarone alone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2012;110: 673-677
Simopoulos V, Tagarakis GI, Daskalopoulou SS, Daskalopoulos ME, Lenos A, Chryssagis K, Skoularingis I, Molyvdas PA, Tsilimingas NB, Aidonidis I. Ranolazine enhances the antiarrhythmic activity of amiodarone by accelerating conversion of new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Angiology 2014;65:294-297
Koskinas KC, Fragakis N, Katritsis D, Skeberis V, Vassilikos V. Ranolazine enhances the efficacy of amiodarone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Europace 2014;16:973-979
De Ferrari GM, Maier LS, Mont L, Schwartz PJ, Simonis G, Leschke M, Gronda E, Boriani G, Darius H, GuillamonToran, Savelieva L, Dusi I, Marchionni V, Quintana N, Rendon M, Schumacher K, Tonini G, Melani L, Giannelli S, Alberto Maggi C, Camm AJ, RAFFAELLO Investigators. Ranolazine in the treatment of atrial fibrillation: Results of the dose-ranging RAFFAELLO (Ranolazine in Atrial Fibrillation Following An ELectricaL CardiOversion) study. Heart Rhythm 2015;12: 872-878
Martin RI, Pogoryelova O, Koref MS, Bourke JP, Teare MD, Keavney BD. Atrial fibrillation associated with ivabradine treatment: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart 2014;100:1506-1510
Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, Harris KE, Jern S, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Edelman JM, Hille DA, Dahlof B. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased incidence of newonset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension. JAMA 2006;296:1242-1248
Savelieva I, Kakouros N, Kourliouros A, Camm AJ. Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation: review of clinical evidence and implications for European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Part II: secondary prevention. Europace 2011; 13:610-625
Kuhlkamp V, Schirdewan A, Stangl K, Homberg M, Ploch M, Beck OA. Use of metoprolol CR/XL to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion from persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:139-146
Kuhn EW, Liakopoulos OJ, Stange S, Deppe AC, Slottosch I, Choi YH,Wahlers T. Preoperative statin therapy in cardiac surgery a meta-analysis of 90,000 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;45:17-26; discussion 26
Zheng Z, Jayaram R, Jiang L, Emberson J, Zhao Y, Li Q, Du J, Guarguagli S, Hill M, Chen Z, Collins R, Casadei B. Perioperative Rosuvastatin in Cardiac Surgery. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1744-1753
Rahimi K, Emberson J, McGale P, Majoni W, Merhi A, Asselbergs FW, Krane V, Macfarlane PW, PROSPER Executive. Effect of statins on atrial fibrillation: collaborative meta-analysis of published and unpublished evidence from randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;342:d1250
Pinho-Gomes AC, Reilly S, Brandes RP, Casadei B. Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation: role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase inhibition with statins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014;20:1268-1285
Bianconi L, Calo L, Mennuni M, Santini L, Morosetti P, Azzolini P, Barbato G, Biscione F, Romano P, Santini M. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of arrhythmia recurrence after electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent atrial fibrillation: a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study. Europace 2011; 13:174-181
Kowey PR, Reiffel JA, Ellenbogen KA, Naccarelli GV, Pratt CM. Efficacy and safety of prescription omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2010;304:2363-2372
Mozaffarian D, Marchioli R, Macchia A, SillettaMG, Ferrazzi P, Gardner TJ, Latini R, Libby P, Lombardi F, O'Gara PT, Page RL, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G, OPERA Investigators. Fish oil and postoperative atrial fibrillation: the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) randomized trial. JAMA 2012;308:2001-2011
Yamashita T, Inoue H, Okumura K, Kodama I, Aizawa Y, Atarashi H, Ohe T, Ohtsu H, Kato T, Kamakura S, Kumagai K, Kurachi Y, Koretsune Y, Saikawa T, Sakurai M, Sato T, Sugi K, Nakaya H, Hirai M, Hirayama A, Fukatani M, Mitamura H, Yamazaki T,Watanabe E, Ogawa S, J-RHYTHM II Investigators. Randomized trial of angiotensin II-receptor blocker vs. dihydropiridine calcium channel blocker in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with hypertension (J-RHYTHM II study). Europace 2011;13:473-479
Macchia A, Grancelli H, Varini S, Nul D, Laffaye N, Mariani J, Ferrante D, Badra R, Figal J, Ramos S, Tognoni G, Doval HC, GESICA Investigators. Omega-3 fatty acids for the prevention of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation: results of the FORWARD (Randomized Trial to Assess Efficacy of PUFA for the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61: 463-468
Dabrowski R, Borowiec A, Smolis-Bak E, Kowalik I, Sosnowski C, Kraska A, Kazimierska B, Wozniak J, Zareba W, Szwed H. Effect of combined spironolactone-b-blocker+enalapril treatment on occurrence of symptomatic atrial fibrillation episodes in patients with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (SPIR-AF study). Am J Cardiol 2010;106:1609-1614
Ito Y, Yamasaki H, Naruse Y, Yoshida K, Kaneshiro T, Murakoshi N, Igarashi M, Kuroki K, Machino T, Xu D, Kunugita F, Sekiguchi Y, Sato A, Tada H, Aonuma K. Effect of eplerenone on maintenance of sinus rhythm after catheter ablation in patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2013;111:1012-1018
Swedberg K, Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, van Veldhuisen DJ, Shi H, Vincent J, Pitt B, EMPHASIS-Hf Study Investigators. Eplerenone and atrial fibrillation in mild systolic heart failure: results from the EMPHASIS-HF (Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization And SurvIval Study in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1598-1603
Coll-Vinent B, Sala X, Fernandez C, Bragulat E, Espinosa G, Miro O, Milla J, Sanchez M. Sedation for cardioversion in the emergency department: analysis of effectiveness in four protocols. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:767-772
del Arco C, Martin A, Laguna P, Gargantilla P. Analysis of current management of atrial fibrillation in the acute setting: GEFAUR-1 study. Ann Emerg Med 2005;46: 424-430
Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Heilbron B, Innes G. Emergency department management and 1-year outcomes of patients with atrial flutter. Ann Emerg Med 2011; 57:564-571.e2
Goldner BG, Baker J, Accordino A, Sabatino L, DiGiulio M, Kalenderian D, Lin D, Zambrotta V, Stechel J, Maccaro P, Jadonath R. Electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter with conscious sedation in the age of cost containment. Am Heart J 1998;136:961-964
Martinez-Marcos FJ, Garcia-Garmendia JL, Ortega-Carpio A, Fernandez-Gomez JM, Santos JM, Camacho C. Comparison of intravenous flecainide, propafenone, and amiodarone for conversion of acute atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:950-953
Buccelletti F, Iacomini P, Botta G, Marsiliani D, Carroccia A, Gentiloni Silveri N, Franceschi F. Efficacy and safety of vernakalant in recent-onset atrial fibrillation after the European medicines agency approval: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52:1872-1878
Cappato R, Ezekowitz MD, Klein AL, Camm AJ, Ma CS, Le Heuzey JY, Talajic M, Scanavacca M, Vardas PE, Kirchhof P, Hemmrich M, Lanius V, Meng IL, Wildgoose P, van Eickels M, Hohnloser SH, X-VeRT Investigators. Rivaroxaban vs. vitamin K antagonists for cardioversion in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2014;35: 3346-3355
Nagarakanti R, Ezekowitz MD, Oldgren J, Yang S, Chernick M, Aikens TH, Flaker G, Brugada J, Kamensky G, Parekh A, Reilly PA, Yusuf S, Connolly SJ. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis of patients undergoing cardioversion. Circulation 2011;123:131-136
Steinberg JS, Sadaniantz A, Kron J, Krahn A, Denny DM, Daubert J, Campbell WB, Havranek E, Murray K, Olshansky B, O'Neill G, Sami M, Schmidt S, Storm R, Zabalgoitia M, Miller J, Chandler M, Nasco EM, Greene HL. Analysis of causespecific mortality in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study. Circulation 2004;109:1973-1980
Andersen HR, Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Thuesen L, Mortensen PT, Vesterlund T, Pedersen AK. Long-term follow-up of patients from a randomised trial of atrial versus ventricular pacing for sick-sinus syndrome. Lancet 1997;350:1210-1216
Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, Gent M, Roberts RS, Yusuf S, Gillis AM, Sami MH, Talajic M, Tang AS, Klein GJ, Lau C, Newman DM. Effects of physiologic pacing versus ventricular pacing on the risk of stroke and death due to cardiovascular causes. Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1385-1391
Calkins H, Reynolds MR, Spector P, Sondhi M, Xu Y, Martin A, Williams CJ, Sledge I. Treatment of atrial fibrillation with antiarrhythmic drugs or radiofrequency ablation: two systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:349-361
Schmieder RE, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, McInnes GT, Zanchetti A, Hua TA. Reduced incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation with angiotensin II receptor blockade: the VALUE trial. J Hypertens 2008;26:403-411
Calkins H, Kuck KH, Cappato R, Brugada J, Camm AJ, Chen SA, Crijns HJ, Damiano RJ Jr, Davies DW, DiMarco J, Edgerton J, Ellenbogen K, Ezekowitz MD, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Hindricks G, Iesaka Y, Jackman W, Jalife J, Jais P, Kalman J, Keane D, Kim YH, Kirchhof P, Klein G, Kottkamp H, Kumagai K, Lindsay BD, Mansour M, Marchlinski FE, McCarthy PM, Mont JL, Morady F, Nademanee K, Nakagawa H, Natale A, Nattel S, Packer DL, Pappone C, Prystowsky E, Raviele A, Reddy V, Ruskin JN, Shemin RJ, Tsao HM, Wilber D. 2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design. Europace 2012;14:528-606
Kuck KH, Hoffmann BA, Ernst S,Wegscheider K, Treszl A, Metzner A, Eckardt L, Lewalter T, Breithardt G, Willems S, Gap-AF-AFNET 1 Investigators. Impact of Complete Versus Incomplete Circumferential Lines Around the Pulmonary Veins During Catheter Ablation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Results From the Gap-Atrial Fibrillation-German Atrial Fibrillation Competence Network 1 Trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016;9:e003337
Mont L, Bisbal F, Hernandez-Madrid A, Perez-Castellano N, Vinolas X, Arenal A, Arribas F, Fernandez-Lozano I, Bodegas A, Cobos A, Matia R, Perez-Villacastin J, Guerra JM, Avila P, Lopez-Gil M, Castro V, Arana JI, Brugada J, SARA investigators. Catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation: a multicentre, randomized, controlled trial (SARA study). Eur Heart J 2014;35: 501-507
Schreiber D, Rostock T, Frohlich M, Sultan A, Servatius H, Hoffmann BA, Luker J, Berner I, Schaffer B, Wegscheider K, Lezius S, Willems S, Steven D. Five-year follow-up after catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation using the stepwise approach and prognostic factors for success. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8: 308-317
Scherr D, Khairy P, Miyazaki S, Aurillac-Lavignolle V, Pascale P, Wilton SB, Ramoul K, Komatsu Y, Roten L, Jadidi A, Linton N, Pedersen M, Daly M, O'Neill M, Knecht S, Weerasooriya R, Rostock T, Manninger M, Cochet H, Shah AJ, Yeim S, Denis A, Derval N, Hocini M, Sacher F, Haissaguerre M, Jais P. Five-year outcome of catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation using termination of atrial fibrillation as a procedural endpoint. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:18-24
Al Halabi S, Qintar M, Hussein A, Alraies MC, Jones DG,Wong T, MacDonald MR, Petrie MC, Cantillon D, Tarakji KG, Kanj M, Bhargava M, Varma N, Baranowski B, Wilkoff BL,Wazni O, Callahan T, SalibaW, Chung MK. Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2015;1:200-209
Hakalahti A, Biancari F, Nielsen JC, Raatikainen MJ. Radiofrequency ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy as first line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 2015;17:370-378
Morillo CA, Verma A, Connolly SJ, Kuck KH, Nair GM, Champagne J, Sterns LD, Beresh H, Healey JS, Natale A, RAAFT-2 Investigators. Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (RAAFT-2): a randomized trial. JAMA 2014;311:692-700
Wazni OM, Marrouche NF, Martin DO, Verma A, Bhargava M, SalibaW, Bash D, Schweikert R, Brachmann J, Gunther J, Gutleben K, Pisano E, Potenza D, Fanelli R, Raviele A, Themistoclakis S, Rossillo A, Bonso A, Natale A. Radiofrequency ablation vs antiarrhythmic drugs as first-line treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 2005;293:2634-2640
Oral H, Pappone C, Chugh A, Good E, Bogun F, Pelosi F Jr, Bates ER, Lehmann MH, Vicedomini G, Augello G, Agricola E, Sala S, Santinelli V, Morady F. Circumferential pulmonary-vein ablation for chronic atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2006;354:934-941
Stabile G, Bertaglia E, Senatore G, De Simone A, Zoppo F, Donnici G, Turco P, Pascotto P, Fazzari M, Vitale DF. Catheter ablation treatment in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation: a prospective, multi-centre, randomized, controlled study (Catheter Ablation For The Cure Of Atrial Fibrillation Study). Eur Heart J 2006;27:216-221
Forleo GB, Mantica M, De Luca L, Leo R, Santini L, Panigada S, De Sanctis V, Pappalardo A, Laurenzi F, Avella A, Casella M, Dello Russo A, Romeo F, Pelargonio G, Tondo C. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2: results from a randomized study comparing pulmonary vein isolation versus antiarrhythmic drug therapy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009;20: 22-28
Cappato R, Calkins H, Chen SA, Davies W, Iesaka Y, Kalman J, Kim YH, Klein G, Natale A, Packer D, Skanes A, Ambrogi F, Biganzoli E. Updated worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:32-38
Ganesan AN, Shipp NJ, Brooks AG, Kuklik P, Lau DH, Lim HS, Sullivan T, Roberts-Thomson KC, Sanders P. Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e004549
McLellan AJ, Ling LH, Azzopardi S, Lee GA, Lee G, Kumar S, Wong MC, Walters TE, Lee JM, Looi KL, Halloran K, Stiles MK, Lever NA, Fynn SP, Heck PM, Sanders P, Morton JB, Kalman JM, Kistler PM. A minimal or maximal ablation strategy to achieve pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a prospective multi-centre randomized controlled trial (the Minimax study). Eur Heart J 2015;36:1812-1821
Verma A, Sanders P, Macle L, Deisenhofer I, Morillo CA, Chen J, Jiang CY, Ernst S, Mantovan R. Substrate and Trigger Ablation for Reduction of Atrial Fibrillation Trial-Part II (STAR AF II): design and rationale. Am Heart J 2012;164:1-6.e6
Schmidt M, Dorwarth U, Andresen D, Brachmann J, Kuck KH, Kuniss M, Lewalter T, Spitzer S, Willems S, Senges J, Junger C, Hoffmann E. Cryoballoon versus RF ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: results from the German Ablation Registry. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2014;25:1-7
Kuck KH, Brugada J, Furnkranz A, Metzner A, Ouyang F, Chun KR, Elvan A, Arentz T, Bestehorn K, Pocock SJ, Albenque JP, Tondo C, FIRE AND ICE Investigators. Cryoballoon or Radiofrequency Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2016;374:2235-2245
Verma A, Jiang CY, Betts TR, Chen J, Deisenhofer I, Mantovan R, Macle L, Morillo CA, Haverkamp W, Weerasooriya R, Albenque JP, Nardi S, Menardi E, Novak P, Sanders P, STAR AF II Investigators. Approaches to catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1812-1822
Dong JZ, Sang CH, Yu RH, Long DY, Tang RB, Jiang CX, Ning M, Liu N, Liu XP, Du X, Tse HF, Ma CS. Prospective randomized comparison between a fixed '2C3L' approach vs. stepwise approach for catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015;17:1798-1806
Hunter RJ, McCready J, Diab I, Page SP, Finlay M, Richmond L, French A, Earley MJ, Sporton S, Jones M, Joseph JP, Bashir Y, Betts TR, Thomas G, Staniforth A, Lee G, Kistler P, Rajappan K, Chow A, Schilling RJ. Maintenance of sinus rhythm with an ablation strategy in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with a lower risk of stroke and death. Heart 2012;98:48-53
Providencia R, Lambiase PD, Srinivasan N, Ganesh Babu G, Bronis K, Ahsan S, Khan FZ, Chow AW, Rowland E, Lowe M, Segal OR. Is There Still a Role for Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrogram Ablation in Addition to Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation? Meta-Analysis of 1415 Patients. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:1017-1029. ESC Guidelines
Nery PB, Belliveau D, Nair GM, Bernick J, Redpath CJ, Szczotka A, Sadek MM, Green MS,Wells G, Birnie DH. Relationship Between Pulmonary Vein Recon-JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2016;2: 474-483. nection and Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence
Luik A, Radzewitz A, Kieser M, Walter M, Bramlage P, Hormann P, Schmidt K, Horn N, Brinkmeier-Theofanopoulou M, Kunzmann K, Riexinger T, Schymik G, Merkel M, Schmitt C. Cryoballoon Versus Open Irrigated Radiofrequency Circulation 2015;132: 1311-1319. Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority FreezeAF Study. Ablation in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The Prospective
Mohanty S, Gianni C, Mohanty P, Halbfass P, Metz T, Trivedi C, Deneke T, Tomassoni G, Bai R, Al-Ahmad A, Bailey S, Burkhardt JD, Gallinghouse GJ, Horton R, Hranitzky PM, Sanchez JE, Di Biase L, Natale A. Impact of Rotor Ablation in Non-Paroxysmal AF Patients: Results from a Randomized Trial (OASIS). J Am Coll Cardio l 2016;68:274-282. 1678l
Rolf S, Kircher S, Arya A, Eitel C, Sommer P, Richter S, Gaspar T, Bollmann A, Altmann D, Piedra C, Hindricks G, Piorkowski C. Tailored atrial substrate modification based on low-voltage areas in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:825-833
Shah AJ, Pascale P, Miyazaki S, Liu X, Roten L, Derval N, Jadidi AS, Scherr D, Wilton SB, Pedersen M, Knecht S, Sacher F, Jais P, Haissaguerre M, Hocini M. Prevalence and types of pitfall in the assessment of mitral isthmus linear conduction block. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012;5:957-967
Macle L, Khairy P, Weerasooriya R, Novak P, Verma A, Willems S, Arentz T, Deisenhofer I, Veenhuyzen G, Scavee C, Jais P, Puererfellner H, Levesque S, Andrade JG, Rivard L, Guerra PG, Dubuc M, Thibault B, Talajic M, Roy D, Nattel S, ADVICE trial investigators. Adenosine-guided pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: an international, multicentre, randomised superiority trial. Lancet 2015;386:672-679
Kobori A, Shizuta S, Inoue K, Kaitani K, Morimoto T, Nakazawa Y, Ozawa T, Kurotobi T, Morishima I, Miura F, Watanabe T, Masuda M, Naito M, Fujimoto H, Nishida T, Furukawa Y, Shirayama T, Tanaka M, Okajima K, Yao T, Egami Y, Satomi K, Noda T, Miyamoto K, Haruna T, Kawaji T, Yoshizawa T, Toyota T, Yahata M, Nakai K, Sugiyama H, Higashi Y, Ito M, Horie M, Kusano KF, Shimizu W, Kamakura S, Kimura T, UNDER-ATP Trial Investigators. Adenosine triphosphate-guided pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: the UNmasking Dormant Electrical Reconduction by Adenosine TriPhosphate (UNDER-ATP) trial. Eur Heart J 2015;36:3276-3287
Lee G, Sparks PB, Morton JB, Kistler PM, Vohra JK, Medi C, Rosso R, Teh A, Halloran K, Kalman JM. Low risk of major complications associated with pulmonary vein antral isolation for atrial fibrillation: results of 500 consecutive ablation procedures in patients with low prevalence of structural heart disease from a single center. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:163-168
Wynn GJ, Das M, Bonnett LJ, Panikker S, Wong T, Gupta D. Efficacy of catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:841-852
Seaburg L, Hess EP, Coylewright M, Ting HH, McLeod CJ, Montori VM. Shared decision making in atrial fibrillation: where we are and where we should be going. Circulation 2014;129:704-710
Dagres N, Hindricks G, Kottkamp H, Sommer P, Gaspar T, Bode K, Arya A, Husser D, Rallidis LS, Kremastinos DT, Piorkowski C. Complications of atrial fibrillation ablation in a high-volume center in 1,000 procedures: still cause for concern? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009;20:1014-1019
Deneke T, Jais P, Scaglione M, Schmitt R, Christopoulos G, Schade A, Mugge A, Bansmann M, Nentwich K, Muller P, Krug J, Roos M, Halbfass P, Natale A, Gaita F, Haines D. Silent cerebral events/lesions related to atrial fibrillation ablation: a clinical review. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015;26:455-463
Gupta A, Perera T, Ganesan A, Sullivan T, Lau DH, Roberts-Thomson KC, Brooks AG, Sanders P. Complications of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013;6:1082-1088
Cappato R, Calkins H, Chen SA, Davies W, Iesaka Y, Kalman J, Kim YH, Klein G, Natale A, Packer D, Ricci C, Skanes A, Ranucci M. Delayed cardiac tamponade after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a worldwide report. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:2696-2697
Haeusler KG, Kirchhof P, Endres M. Left atrial catheter ablation and ischemic stroke. Stroke 2012;43:265-270
Kosiuk J, Kornej J, Bollmann A, Piorkowski C, Myrda K, Arya A, Sommer P, Richter S, Rolf S, Husser D, Gaspar T, Lip GY, Hindricks G. Early cerebral thromboembolic complications after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: incidence, characteristics, and risk factors. Heart Rhythm 2014;11: 1934-1940
Gaita F, Leclercq JF, Schumacher B, Scaglione M, Toso E, Halimi F, Schade A, Froehner S, Ziegler V, Sergi D, Cesarani F, Blandino A. Incidence of silent cerebral thromboembolic lesions after atrial fibrillation ablation may change according to technology used: comparison of irrigated radiofrequency, multipolar nonirrigated catheter and cryoballoon. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:961-968
Hsu LF, Jais P, Hocini M, Sanders P, Scavee C, Sacher F, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Pasquie JL, Clementy J, Haissaguerre M. Incidence and prevention of cardiac tamponade complicating ablation for atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005; 28:S106-109
Michowitz Y, Rahkovich M, Oral H, Zado ES, Tilz R, John S, Denis A, Di Biase L, Winkle RA, Mikhaylov EN, Ruskin JN, Yao Y, Josephson ME, Tanner H, Miller JM, Champagne J, Della Bella P, Kumagai K, Defaye P, Luria D, Lebedev DS, Natale A, Jais P, Hindricks G, Kuck KH, Marchlinski FE, Morady F, Belhassen B. Effects of sex on the incidence of cardiac tamponade after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: results from a worldwide survey in 34 943 atrial fibrillation ablation procedures. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:274-280
Nair KK, Shurrab M, Skanes A, Danon A, Birnie D, Morillo C, Chauhan V, Mangat I, Ayala-Paredes F, Champagne J, Nault I, Tang A, Verma A, Lashevsky I, Singh SM, Crystal E. The prevalence and risk factors for atrioesophageal fistula after percutaneous radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: the Canadian experience. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2014;39:139-144
Shah RU, Freeman JV, Shilane D,Wang PJ, Go AS, Hlatky MA. Procedural complications, rehospitalizations, and repeat procedures after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:143-149
Straube F, Dorwarth U, Schmidt M, Wankerl M, Ebersberger U, Hoffmann E. Comparison of the first and second cryoballoon: high-volume single-center safety and efficacy analysis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:293-299
Di Biase L, Burkhardt JD, Santangeli P, Mohanty P, Sanchez JE, Horton R, Gallinghouse GJ, Themistoclakis S, Rossillo A, Lakkireddy D, Reddy M, Hao S, Hongo R, Beheiry S, Zagrodzky J, Rong B, Mohanty S, Elayi CS, Forleo G, Pelargonio G, Narducci ML, Dello Russo A, Casella M, Fassini G, Tondo C, Schweikert RA, Natale A. Periprocedural Stroke and Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation With Different Anticoagulation Management: Results From the Role of Coumadin in Preventing Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation (COMPARE) Randomized Trial. Circulation 2014;129:2638-2644
Di Biase L, Lakkireddy D, Trivedi C, Deneke T, Martinek M, Mohanty S, Mohanty P, Prakash S, Bai R, Reddy M, Gianni C, Horton R, Bailey S, Sigmund E, Derndorfer M, Schade A, Mueller P, Szoelloes A, Sanchez J, Al-Ahmad A, Hranitzky P, Gallinghouse GJ, Hongo RH, Beheiry S, Purerfellner H, Burkhardt JD, Natale A. Feasibility and safety of uninterrupted periprocedural apixaban administration in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: Results from a multicenter study. Heart Rhythm 2015;12:1162-1168
Hohnloser SH, Camm AJ. Safety and efficacy of dabigatran etexilate during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis of the literature. Europace 2013; 15:1407-1411
Lakkireddy D, Reddy YM, Di Biase L, Vallakati A, Mansour MC, Santangeli P, Gangireddy S, Swarup V, Chalhoub F, Atkins D, Bommana S, Verma A, Sanchez JE, Burkhardt JD, Barrett CD, Baheiry S, Ruskin J, Reddy V, Natale A. Feasibility and safety of uninterrupted rivaroxaban for periprocedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: results from a multicenter prospective registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:982-988
Providencia R, Marijon E, Albenque JP, Combes S, Combes N, Jourda F, Hireche H, Morais J, Boveda S. Rivaroxaban and dabigatran in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Europace 2014;16:1137-1144
Stepanyan G, Badhwar N, Lee RJ, Marcus GM, Lee BK, Tseng ZH, Vedantham V, Olgin J, Scheinman M, Gerstenfeld EP. Safety of new oral anticoagulants for patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2014;40: 33-38
Aryal MR, Ukaigwe A, Pandit A, Karmacharya P, Pradhan R, Mainali NR, Pathak R, Jalota L, Bhandari Y, Donato A. Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with warfarin or dabigatran in patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2014;114:577-582
Kaess BM, Ammar S, Reents T, Dillier R, Lennerz C, Semmler V, Grebmer C, Bourier F, Buiatti A, Kolb C, Deisenhofer I, Hessling G. Comparison of safety of left atrial catheter ablation procedures for atrial arrhythmias under continuous anticoagulation with apixaban versus phenprocoumon. Am J Cardiol 2015;115: 47-51
Cappato R, Marchlinski FE, Hohnloser SH, Naccarelli GV, Xiang J, Wilber DJ, Ma CS, Hess S, Wells DS, Juang G, Vijgen J, Hugl BJ, Balasubramaniam R, De Chillou C, DaviesDW, Fields LE, Natale A, VENTURE-AF Investigators. Uninterrupted rivaroxaban vs. uninterrupted vitamin K antagonists for catheter ablation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1805-1811
Wu S, Yang YM, Zhu J, Wan HB, Wang J, Zhang H, Shao XH. Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of New Oral Anticoagulants Compared With Uninterrupted Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2016;117:926-934
Santarpia G, De Rosa S, Polimeni A, Giampa S, Micieli M, Curcio A, Indolfi C. Efficacy and Safety of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants versus Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015;10:e0126512
Karasoy D, Gislason GH, Hansen J, Johannessen A, Kober L, Hvidtfeldt M, Ozcan C, Torp-Pedersen C, Hansen ML. Oral anticoagulation therapy after radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and the risk of thromboembolism and serious bleeding: long-term follow-up in nationwide cohort of Denmark. Eur Heart J 2015;36:307-314
Themistoclakis S, Corrado A, Marchlinski FE, Jais P, Zado E, Rossillo A, Di Biase L, Schweikert RA, Saliba WI, Horton R, Mohanty P, Patel D, Burkhardt DJ, Wazni OM, Bonso A, Callans DJ, Haissaguerre M, Raviele A, Natale A. The risk ESC Guidelines
Berntsen RF, Haland TF, Skardal R, Holm T. Focal impulse and rotor modulation as a stand-alone procedure for treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. A withinpatient controlled study with implanted cardiac monitoring. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:1768-1774. 1678m of thromboembolism and need for oral anticoagulation after successful atrial fibrillation ablation
J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:735-743
Bunch TJ, May HT, Bair TL, Weiss JP, Crandall BG, Osborn JS, Mallender C, Anderson JL, Muhlestein BJ, Lappe DL, Day JD. Atrial fibrillation ablation patients have long-term stroke rates similar to patients without atrial fibrillation regardless of CHADS2 score. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:1272-1277
Nedios S, Kornej J, Koutalas E, Bertagnolli L, Kosiuk J, Rolf S, Arya A, Sommer P, Husser D, Hindricks G, Bollmann A. Left atrial appendage morphology and thromboembolic risk after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2014;11:2239-2246
Reynolds MR, Gunnarsson CL, Hunter TD, Ladapo JA, March JL, Zhang M, Hao SC. Health outcomes with catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy in atrial fibrillation: results of a propensity-matched analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2012;5:171-181
Gallo C, Battaglia A, Anselmino M, Bianchi F, Grossi S, Nangeroni G, Toso E, Gaido L, Scaglione M, Ferraris F, Gaita F. Long-term events following atrial fibrillation rate control or transcatheter ablation: a multicenter observational study. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2016;17:187-193
Di Biase L, Mohanty P, Mohanty S, Santangeli P, Trivedi C, Lakkireddy D, Reddy M, Jais P, Themistoclakis S, Dello Russo A, Casella M, Pelargonio G, Narducci ML, Schweikert R, Neuzil P, Sanchez J, Horton R, Beheiry S, Hongo R, Hao S, Rossillo A, Forleo G, Tondo C, Burkhardt JD, Haissaguerre M, Natale A. Ablation vs. Amiodarone for Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and an Implanted Device: Results From the AATAC Multicenter Randomized Trial. Circulation;doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 115.019406. Published online ahead of print 30 March 2016
Hunter RJ, Berriman TJ, Diab I, Kamdar R, Richmond L, Baker V, Goromonzi F, Sawhney V, Duncan E, Page SP, Ullah W, Unsworth B, Mayet J, Dhinoja M, Earley MJ, Sporton S, Schilling RJ. A randomized controlled trial of catheter ablation versus medical treatment of atrial fibrillation in heart failure (the CAMTAF trial). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:31-38
MacDonald MR, Connelly DT, Hawkins NM, Steedman T, Payne J, Shaw M, Denvir M, Bhagra S, Small S, Martin W, McMurray JJ, Petrie MC. Radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with advanced heart failure and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a randomised controlled trial. Heart 2011;97:740-747
Dagres N, Varounis C, Gaspar T, Piorkowski C, Eitel C, Iliodromitis EK, Lekakis JP, Flevari P, Simeonidou E, Rallidis LS, Tsougos E, Hindricks G, Sommer P, Anastasiou-Nana M. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Fail 2011;17:964-970
Piorkowski C, Kottkamp H, Tanner H, Kobza R, Nielsen JC, Arya A, Hindricks G. Value of different follow-up strategies to assess the efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for the curative treatment of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16:1286-1292
Verma A, Champagne J, Sapp J, Essebag V, Novak P, Skanes A, Morillo CA, Khaykin Y, Birnie D. Discerning the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of atrial fibrillation before and after catheter ablation (DISCERN AF): a prospective, multicenter study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:149-156
Cox JL, Schuessler RB, D'Agostino HJ Jr, Stone CM, Chang BC, Cain ME, Corr PB, Boineau JP. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:569-583
Stulak JM, Suri RM, Burkhart HM, Daly RC, Dearani JA, Greason KL, Joyce LD, Park SJ, Schaff HV. Surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation for two decades: are the results of new techniques equivalent to the Cox maze III procedure? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147:1478-1486
Basu S, Nagendran M, Maruthappu M. How effective is bipolar radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation during concomitant cardiac surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;15:741-748
Lin Z, Shan ZG, Liao CX, Chen LW. The effect of microwave and bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation during valve surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;59:460-464
McCarthy PM, Kruse J, Shalli S, Ilkhanoff L, Goldberger JJ, Kadish AH, Arora R, Lee R. Where does atrial fibrillation surgery fail? Implications for increasing effectiveness of ablation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:860-867
Abreu Filho CA, Lisboa LA, Dallan LA, Spina GS, Grinberg M, Scanavacca M, Sosa EA, Ramires JA, Oliveira SA. Effectiveness of the maze procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic mitral valve disease. Circulation 2005;112:I20-25
Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Johansson B, Berglin E, Nilsson L, Jensen SM, Thelin S, Holmgren A, Edvardsson N, Kallner G, Blomstrom P. A randomized double-blind study of epicardial left atrial cryoablation for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: the SWEDish Multicentre Atrial Fibrillation study (SWEDMAF). Eur Heart J 2007;28:2902-2908
Chevalier P, Leizorovicz A, Maureira P, Carteaux JP, Corbineau H, Caus T, DeBreyne B, Mabot P, Dechillou C, Deharo JC, Barry S, Touboul P, Villemot JP, Obadia JF. Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery: a prospective randomized multicentre study (SAFIR). Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2009;102: 769-775
Deneke T, Khargi K, Grewe PH, Laczkovics A, von Dryander S, Lawo T, Muller KM, Lemke B. Efficacy of an additional MAZE procedure using cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve disease. A randomized, prospective trial. Eur Heart J 2002;23:558-566
Doukas G, Samani NJ, Alexiou C, Oc M, Chin DT, Stafford PG, Ng LL, Spyt TJ. Left atrial radiofrequency ablation during mitral valve surgery for continuous atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:2323-2329
Schuetz A, Schulze CJ, Sarvanakis KK, Mair H, Plazer H, Kilger E, Reichart B, Wildhirt SM. Surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation using microwave energy ablation: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;24:475-480; discussion 480
Liu X, Tan HW,Wang XH, Shi HF, Li YZ, Li F, Zhou L, Gu JN. Efficacy of catheter ablation and surgical CryoMaze procedure in patients with long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J 2010; 31:2633-2641
Cheng DC, Ad N, Martin J, Berglin EE, Chang BC, Doukas G, Gammie JS, Nitta T, Wolf RK, Puskas JD. Surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery a meta-analysis and systematic review. Innovations (Phila) 2010;5:84-96
Barnett SD, Ad N. Surgical ablation as treatment for the elimination of atrial fibrillation a meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;131:1029-1035
Ad N, Henry L, Massimiano P, Pritchard G, Holmes SD. The state of surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral valve disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2013;28:170-180
Gammie JS, Haddad M, Milford-Beland S,Welke KF, Ferguson TB Jr, O'Brien SM, Griffith BP, Peterson ED. Atrial fibrillation correction surgery: lessons from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85:909-914
Chen MC, Chang JP, Chang HW. Preoperative atrial size predicts the success of radiofrequency maze procedure for permanent atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery. Chest 2004;125:2129-2134
Sunderland N, Maruthappu M, Nagendran M. What size of left atrium significantly impairs the success of maze surgery for atrial fibrillation? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2011;13:332-338
Chaiyaroj S, Ngarmukos T, Lertsithichai P. Predictors of sinus rhythm after radiofrequency maze and mitral valve surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2008;16: 292-297
Gillinov AM, Bhavani S, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, Svensson LG, Navia JL, Pettersson BG, Sabik JF, Smedira NG, Mihaljevic T, McCarthy PM, Shewchik J, Natale A. Surgery for permanent atrial fibrillation: impact of patient factors and lesion set. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:502-513; discussion 513-504
Beukema WP, Sie HT, Misier AR, Delnoy PP,Wellens HJ, Elvan A. Predictive factors of sustained sinus rhythm and recurrent atrial fibrillation after a radiofrequency modified Maze procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:771-775
Gillinov AM, Bakaeen F, McCarthy PM, Blackstone EH, Rajeswaran J, Pettersson G, Sabik JF, Najam F, Hill KM, Svensson LG, Cosgrove DM, Marrouche N, Natale A. Surgery for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the setting of mitral valve disease: a role for pulmonary vein isolation? Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:19-26; discussion 27-18
Onorati F, Mariscalco G, Rubino AS, Serraino F, Santini F, Musazzi A, Klersy C, Sala A, Renzulli A. Impact of lesion sets on mid-term results of surgical ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:931-940
Saint LL, Bailey MS, Prasad S, Guthrie TJ, Bell J, Moon MR, Lawton JS, Munfakh NA, Schuessler RB, Damiano RJ Jr, Maniar HS. Cox-Maze IV results for patients with lone atrial fibrillation versus concomitant mitral disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;93: 789-794; discussion 794-785
Lawrance CP, Henn MC, Miller JR, Sinn LA, Schuessler RB, Maniar HS, Damiano RJ Jr. A minimally invasive Cox maze IV procedure is as effective as sternotomy while decreasing major morbidity and hospital stay. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148: 955-961; discussion 962-952
Edgerton JR, BrinkmanWT,Weaver T, Prince SL, Culica D, Herbert MA, Mack MJ. Pulmonary vein isolation and autonomic denervation for the management of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by a minimally invasive surgical approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:823-828
McClelland JH, Duke D, Reddy R. Preliminary results of a limited thoracotomy: new approach to treat atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18: 1289-1295
Castella M, Pereda D, Mestres CA, Gomez F, Quintana E, Mulet J. Thoracoscopic pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation and failed percutaneous ablation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:633-638. 1678n ESC Guidelines
Krul SP, Driessen AH, van Boven WJ, Linnenbank AC, Geuzebroek GS, Jackman WM, Wilde AA, de Bakker JM, de Groot JR. Thoracoscopic video-assisted pulmonary vein antrum isolation, ganglionated plexus ablation, and periprocedural confirmation of ablation lesions: first results of a hybrid surgical-electrophysiological approach for atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:262-270
La Meir M, Gelsomino S, Lorusso R, Luca F, Pison L, Parise O, Wellens F, Gensini GF, Maessen J. The hybrid approach for the surgical treatment of lone atrial fibrillation: one-year results employing a monopolar radiofrequency source. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012;7:71
Wang S, Liu L, Zou C. Comparative study of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery ablation and radiofrequency catheter ablation on treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized, controlled short-term trial. Chin Med J (Engl) 2014;127: 2567-2570
Phan K, Phan S, Thiagalingam A, Medi C, Yan TD. Thoracoscopic surgical ablation versus catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016;49: 1044-1051
Hu QM, Li Y, Xu CL, Han J, Zhang HB, HanW, Meng X. Analysis of risk factors for recurrence after video-assisted pulmonary vein isolation of lone atrial fibrillationresults of 5 years of follow-up. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:2174-2180
Edgerton JR, Edgerton ZJ,Weaver T, Reed K, Prince S, Herbert MA, Mack MJ. Minimally invasive pulmonary vein isolation and partial autonomic denervation for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:35-38; discussion 39
Wang J, Li Y, Shi J, Han J, Xu C, Ma C, Meng X. Minimally invasive surgical versus catheter ablation for the long-lasting persistent atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2011;6: e22122
Wang JG, Xin M, Han J, Li Y, Luo TG,Wang J, Meng F, Meng X. Ablation in selective patients with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: medium-term results of the Dallas lesion set. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;46:213-220
Sirak JH, Schwartzman D. Interim results of the 5-box thoracoscopic maze procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:1880-1884
Kasirajan V, Spradlin EA, Mormando TE, Medina AE, Ovadia P, Schwartzman DS, Gaines TE, Mumtaz MA, Downing SW, Ellenbogen KA. Minimally invasive surgery using bipolar radiofrequency energy is effective treatment for refractory atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;93:1456-1461
Weimar T, Vosseler M, Czesla M, Boscheinen M, Hemmer WB, Doll KN. Approaching a paradigm shift: endoscopic ablation of lone atrial fibrillation on the beating heart. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:1886-1892
La Meir M, Gelsomino S, Luca F, Pison L, Parise O, Colella A, Gensini GF, Crijns H, Wellens F, Maessen JG. Minimally invasive surgical treatment of lone atrial fibrillation: early results of hybrid versus standard minimally invasive approach employing radiofrequency sources. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:1469-1475
Gelsomino S, Van Breugel HN, Pison L, Parise O, Crijns HJ, Wellens F, Maessen JG, La Meir M. Hybrid thoracoscopic and transvenous catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;45:401-407
Pison L, La Meir M, van Opstal J, Blaauw Y, Maessen J, Crijns HJ. Hybrid thoracoscopic surgical and transvenous catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:54-61
De Maat GE, Van Gelder IC, Rienstra M, Quast AF, Tan ES, Wiesfeld AC, Pozzoli A, Mariani MA. Surgical vs. transcatheter pulmonary vein isolation as first invasive treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation: a matched group comparison. Europace 2014;16:33-39
Stulak JM, Dearani JA, Daly RC, Zehr KJ, Sundt TM 3rd, Schaff HV. Left ventricular dysfunction in atrial fibrillation: restoration of sinus rhythm by the Cox-maze procedure significantly improves systolic function and functional status. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:494-501
Chen YW, Bai R, Lin T, Salim M, Sang CH, Long DY, Yu RH, Tang RB, Guo XY, Yan XL, Nie JG, Du X, Dong JZ, Ma CS. Pacing or ablation: which is better for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation-related tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2014;37:403-411
Khaykin Y, Marrouche NF, Martin DO, Saliba W, Schweikert R, Wexman M, Strunk B, Beheiry S, Saad E, Bhargava M, Burkhardt JD, Joseph G, Tchou P, Natale A. Pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic sinus bradycardia or pauses. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2004;15:784-789
Ad N, Henry L, Hunt S. Current role for surgery in treatment of lone atrial fibrillation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;24:42-50
Weimar T, Schena S, Bailey MS, Maniar HS, Schuessler RB, Cox JL, Damiano RJ Jr. The cox-maze procedure for lone atrial fibrillation: a single-center experience over 2 decades. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2012;5:8-14
Ad N, Henry L, Hunt S, Holmes SD. Do we increase the operative risk by adding the Cox Maze III procedure to aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass surgery? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;143:936-944
Prakash A, Saksena S, Krol RB, Filipecki A, Philip G. Catheter ablation of inducible atrial flutter, in combination with atrial pacing and antiarrhythmic drugs ("hybrid therapy") improves rhythm control in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2002;6:165-172
Tai CT, Chiang CE, Lee SH, Chen YJ, Yu WC, Feng AN, Ding YA, Chang MS, Chen SA. Persistent atrial flutter in patients treated for atrial fibrillation with amiodarone and propafenone: electrophysiologic characteristics, radiofrequency catheter ablation, and risk prediction. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1999;10: 1180-1187
Stabile G, De Simone A, Turco P, La Rocca V, Nocerino P, Astarita C, Maresca F, De Matteis C, Di Napoli T, Stabile E, Vitale DF. Response to flecainide infusion predicts long-term success of hybrid pharmacologic and ablation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:1639-1644
Anastasio N, Frankel DS, Deyell MW, Zado E, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Cooper J, Lin D, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Nearly uniform failure of atrial flutter ablation and continuation of antiarrhythmic agents (hybrid therapy) for the long-term control of atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2012;35:57-61
Garcia Seara J, Raposeiras Roubin S, Gude Sampedro F, Balboa Barreiro V, Martinez Sande JL, Rodriguez Manero M, Gonzalez Juanatey JR. Failure of hybrid therapy for the prevention of long-term recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2014;176:74-79
Saksena S, Prakash A, Ziegler P, Hummel JD, Friedman P, Plumb VJ, Wyse DG, Johnson E, Fitts S, Mehra R. Improved suppression of recurrent atrial fibrillation with dual-site right atrial pacing and antiarrhythmic drug therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1140-1150; discussion 1151-1142
Wharton JM, Sorrentino RA, Campbell P, Gonzalez-Zuelgaray J, Keating E, Curtis A, Grill C, Hafley G, Lee K. Effect of pacing modality on atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence in the tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome: preliminary results of the Pacemaker Atrial Tachycardia Trial. Circulation 1998;98:I-494
Marinigh R, Lip GY, Fiotti N, Giansante C, Lane DA. Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: implications for thromboprophylaxis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:827-837
Gage BF, Boechler M, Doggette AL, Fortune G, Flaker GC, RichMW, Radford MJ. Adverse outcomes and predictors of underuse of antithrombotic therapy in medicare beneficiaries with chronic atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2000;31:822-827
Andreotti F, Rocca B, Husted S, Ajjan RA, Ten Berg J, Cattaneo M, Collet JP, De Caterina R, Fox KA, Halvorsen S, Huber K, Hylek EM, Lip GY, Montalescot G, Morais J, Patrono C, Verheugt FW, Wallentin L, Weiss TW, Storey RF, ESC ThrombosisWorking Group. Antithrombotic therapy in the elderly: expert position paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis. Eur Heart J 2015;36:3238-3249
Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, Blom N, Borggrefe M, Camm J, Elliott PM, Fitzsimons D, Hatala R, Hindricks G, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen K, Kuck KH, Hernandez-Madrid A, Nikolaou N, Norekval TM, Spaulding C, Van Veldhuisen DJ. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2015;36:2793-2867
Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, Borger MA, Borggrefe M, Cecchi F, Charron P, Hagege AA, Lafont A, Limongelli G, Mahrholdt H, McKenna WJ, Mogensen J, Nihoyannopoulos P, Nistri S, Pieper PG, Pieske B, Rapezzi C, Rutten FH, Tillmanns C, Watkins H. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2014;35:2733-2779
Johnson JN, Tester DJ, Perry J, Salisbury BA, Reed CR, Ackerman MJ. Prevalence of early-onset atrial fibrillation in congenital long QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:704-709
Kirchhof P, Eckardt L, Franz MR, Monnig G, Loh P,Wedekind H, Schulze-Bahr E, Breithardt G, HaverkampW. Prolonged atrial action potential durations and polymorphic atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with long QT syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003;14:1027-1033
Zellerhoff S, Pistulli R, Monnig G, Hinterseer M, Beckmann BM, Kobe J, Steinbeck G, Kaab S, Haverkamp W, Fabritz L, Gradaus R, Breithardt G, Schulze-Bahr E, Bocker D, Kirchhof P. Atrial Arrhythmias in long-QT syndrome under daily life conditions: a nested case control study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009;20:401-407
Moss AJ, Zareba W, Benhorin J, Locati EH, Hall WJ, Robinson JL, Schwartz PJ, Towbin JA, Vincent GM, Lehmann MH. ECG T-wave patterns in genetically distinct forms of the hereditary long QT syndrome. Circulation 1995;92:2929-2934
Schwartz PJ, Priori SG, Spazzolini C, Moss AJ, Vincent GM, Napolitano C, Denjoy I, Guicheney P, Breithardt G, Keating MT, Towbin JA, Beggs AH, Brink P, Wilde AA, Toivonen L, Zareba W, Robinson JL, Timothy KW, Corfield V, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Corbett C, Haverkamp W, Schulze-Bahr E, Lehmann MH, Schwartz K, Coumel P, Bloise R. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the long-QT syndrome: gene-specific triggers for life-threatening arrhythmias. Circulation 2001;103:89-95
Eckardt L, Kirchhof P, Loh P, Schulze-Bahr E, Johna R, Wichter T, Breithardt G, Haverkamp W, Borggrefe M. Brugada syndrome and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a novel association? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001;12:680-685
Kaufman ES. Mechanisms and clinical management of inherited channelopathies: long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and short QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:S51-55
Antzelevitch C, Pollevick GD, Cordeiro JM, Casis O, Sanguinetti MC, Aizawa Y, Guerchicoff A, Pfeiffer R, Oliva A, Wollnik B, Gelber P, Bonaros EP Jr, Burashnikov E, Wu Y, Sargent JD, Schickel S, Oberheiden R, Bhatia A, Hsu LF, Haissaguerre M, Schimpf R, Borggrefe M,Wolpert C. Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2007;115:442-449
London B, Michalec M, Mehdi H, Zhu X, Kerchner L, Sanyal S, Viswanathan PC, Pfahnl AE, Shang LL, Madhusudanan M, Baty CJ, Lagana S, Aleong R, Gutmann R, Ackerman MJ, McNamara DM, Weiss R, Dudley SC Jr. Mutation in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) decreases cardiac Na+ current and causes inherited arrhythmias. Circulation 2007;116:2260-2268
Watanabe H, Koopmann TT, Le Scouarnec S, Yang T, Ingram CR, Schott JJ, Demolombe S, Probst V, Anselme F, Escande D, Wiesfeld AC, Pfeufer A, Kaab S, Wichmann HE, Hasdemir C, Aizawa Y, Wilde AA, Roden DM, Bezzina CR. Sodium channel beta1 subunit mutations associated with Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease in humans. J Clin Invest 2008;118: 2260-2268
Brugada R, Hong K, Dumaine R, Cordeiro J, Gaita F, Borggrefe M, Menendez TM, Brugada J, Pollevick GD, Wolpert C, Burashnikov E, Matsuo K, Wu YS, Guerchicoff A, Bianchi F, Giustetto C, Schimpf R, Brugada P, Antzelevitch C. Sudden death associated with short-QT syndrome linked to mutations in HERG. Circulation 2004;109:30-35
Gaita F, Giustetto C, Bianchi F, Wolpert C, Schimpf R, Riccardi R, Grossi S, Richiardi E, Borggrefe M. Short QT Syndrome: a familial cause of sudden death. Circulation 2003;108:965-970
Giustetto C, Di Monte F,Wolpert C, Borggrefe M, Schimpf R, Sbragia P, Leone G, Maury P, Anttonen O, Haissaguerre M, Gaita F. Short QT syndrome: clinical findings and diagnostic-therapeutic implications. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2440-2447
Bhuiyan ZA, van den Berg MP, van Tintelen JP, Bink-Boelkens MT, Wiesfeld AC, Alders M, Postma AV, van Langen I, Mannens MM, Wilde AA. Expanding spectrum of human RYR2-related disease: new electrocardiographic, structural, and genetic features. Circulation 2007;116:1569-1576
Napolitano C, Priori SG. Diagnosis and treatment of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:675-678
Mohamed U, Napolitano C, Priori SG. Molecular and electrophysiological bases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18:791-797
Lee CH, Liu PY, Lin LJ, Chen JH, Tsai LM. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Taiwan-A tertiary center experience. Clin Cardiol 2007;30:177-182
Losi MA, Betocchi S, Aversa M, Lombardi R, Miranda M, D'Alessandro G, Cacace A, Tocchetti CG, Barbati G, Chiariello M. Determinants of atrial fibrillation development in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2004;94:895-900
Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Bellone P, Conte MR, Cecchi F, Flygenring BP, Casey SA, Gohman TE, Bongioanni S, Spirito P. Clinical profile of stroke in 900 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:301-307
Gollob MH, Seger JJ, Gollob TN, Tapscott T, Gonzales O, Bachinski L, Roberts R. Novel PRKAG2 mutation responsible for the genetic syndrome of ventricular preexcitation and conduction system disease with childhood onset and absence of cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation 2001;104:3030-3033
Postma AV, van Meerakker JB, Mathijssen IB, Barnett P, Christoffels VM, Ilgun A, Lam J, Wilde AA, Lekanne Deprez RH, Moorman AF. A gain-of-function TBX5 mutation is associated with atypical Holt-Oram syndrome and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circ Res 2008;102:1433-1442
Marcus FI, Edson S, Towbin JA. Genetics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: a practical guide for physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61: 1945-1948
Chu AF, Zado E, Marchlinski FE. Atrial arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia and ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 2010;106:720-722
Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, Alpert JS, Calkins H, Camm AJ, Campbell WB, Haines DE, Kuck KH, Lerman BB, Miller DD, Shaeffer CW, Stevenson WG, Tomaselli GF, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Alpert JS, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Gregoratos G, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK, Russell RO Jr, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Burgos EF, Cowie M, Deckers JW, Garcia MA, Klein WW, Lekakis J, Lindahl B, Mazzotta G, Morais JC, Oto A, Smiseth O, Trappe HJ, European Society of Cardiology Committee, NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias-executive summary. a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the European society of cardiology committee for practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42: 1493-1531
Tischenko A, Fox DJ, Yee R, Krahn AD, Skanes AC, Gula LJ, Klein GJ. When should we recommend catheter ablation for patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? Curr Opin Cardiol 2008;23:32-37
Kibos A, Deharo JC, Adoubi A, Assouan X, Djianeb P. [Clinical and electrophysiological study of asymptomaticWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2007;56:237-240
Pappone C, Santinelli V, Manguso F, Augello G, Santinelli O, Vicedomini G, Gulletta S, Mazzone P, Tortoriello V, Pappone A, Dicandia C, Rosanio S. A randomized study of prophylactic catheter ablation in asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1803-1811
Boahene KA, Klein GJ, Yee R, Sharma AD, Fujimura O. Termination of acute atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome by procainamide and propafenone: importance of atrial fibrillatory cycle length. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;16: 1408-1414
O'Nunain S, Garratt CJ, Linker NJ, Gill J, Ward DE, Camm AJ. A comparison of intravenous propafenone and flecainide in the treatment of tachycardias associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1991;14:2028-2034
Manolis AS, Estes NA. Supraventricular tachycardia. Mechanisms and therapy. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:1706-1716
Simonian SM, Lotfipour S, Wall C, Langdorf MI. Challenging the superiority of amiodarone for rate control in Wolff-Parkinson-White and atrial fibrillation. Intern Emerg Med 2010;5:421-426
Guttmann OP, Rahman MS, O'Mahony C, Anastasakis A, Elliott PM. Atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review. Heart 2014;100:465-472
Olivotto I, Cecchi F, Casey SA, Dolara A, Traverse JH, Maron BJ. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the clinical course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2001;104:2517-2524
Cecchi F, Olivotto I, Montereggi A, Squillatini G, Dolara A, Maron BJ. Prognostic value of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and the potential role of amiodarone treatment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment in an unselected nonreferral based patient population. Heart 1998;79:331-336
Bunch TJ, Munger TM, Friedman PA, Asirvatham SJ, Brady PA, Cha YM, Rea RF, Shen WK, Powell BD, Ommen SR, Monahan KH, Haroldson JM, Packer DL. Substrate and procedural predictors of outcomes after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008;19:1009-1014
Di Donna P, Olivotto I, Delcre SD, Caponi D, Scaglione M, Nault I, Montefusco A, Girolami F, Cecchi F, Haissaguerre M, Gaita F. Efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: impact of age, atrial remodelling, and disease progression. Europace 2010;12:347-355
Gaita F, Di Donna P, Olivotto I, Scaglione M, Ferrero I, Montefusco A, Caponi D, Conte MR, Nistri S, Cecchi F. Usefulness and safety of transcatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:1575-1581
Kilicaslan F, Verma A, Saad E, Themistoclakis S, Bonso A, Raviele A, Bozbas H, Andrews MW, Beheiry S, Hao S, Cummings JE, Marrouche NF, Lakkireddy D, Wazni O, Yamaji H, Saenz LC, SalibaW, Schweikert RA, Natale A. Efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:275-280
McCready JW, Smedley T, Lambiase PD, Ahsan SY, Segal OR, Rowland E, Lowe MD, Chow AW. Predictors of recurrence following radiofrequency ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2011;13:355-361
Ritchie MD, Rowan S, Kucera G, Stubblefield T, Blair M, Carter S, Roden DM, Darbar D. Chromosome 4q25 variants are genetic modifiers of rare ion channel mutations associated with familial atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60: 1173-1181
Mann SA, Otway R, Guo G, Soka M, Karlsdotter L, Trivedi G, Ohanian M, Zodgekar P, Smith RA, Wouters MA, Subbiah R, Walker B, Kuchar D, Griffiths L, Vandenberg JI, Fatkin D. Epistatic effects of potassium channel variation on cardiac repolarization and atrial fibrillation risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1017-1025
Giustetto C, Cerrato N, Gribaudo E, Scrocco C, Castagno D, Richiardi E, Giachino D, Bianchi F, Barbonaglia L, Ferraro A. Atrial fibrillation in a large population with Brugada electrocardiographic pattern: prevalence, management, and correlation with prognosis. Heart Rhythm 2014;11:259-265
Darbar D, Kannankeril PJ, Donahue BS, Kucera G, Stubblefield T, Haines JL, George AL Jr, Roden DM. Cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) variants associated with atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2008;117:1927-1935
Olson TM, Michels VV, Ballew JD, Reyna SP, Karst ML, Herron KJ, Horton SC, Rodeheffer RJ, Anderson JL. Sodium channel mutations and susceptibility to heart failure and atrial fibrillation. JAMA 2005;293:447-454
Ellinor PT, Moore RK, Patton KK, Ruskin JN, Pollak MR, Macrae CA. Mutations in the long QT gene, KCNQ1, are an uncommon cause of atrial fibrillation. Heart 2004;90:1487-1488
Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M, Cho Y, Behr ER, Berul C, Blom N, Brugada J, Chiang CE, Huikuri H, Kannankeril P, Krahn A, Leenhardt A, Moss A, Schwartz PJ, Shimizu W, Tomaselli G, Tracy C, Ackerman M, Belhassen B, Estes NA, Fatkin D, Kalman J, Kaufman E, Kirchhof P, Schulze-Bahr E, Wolpert C, Vohra J, Refaat M, Etheridge SP, Campbell RM, Martin ET, Quek SC. Executive summary: HRS/EHRA/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes. Europace 2013;15:1389-1406
Antz M,Weiss C, Volkmer M, Hebe J, Ernst S, Ouyang F, Kuck KH. Risk of sudden death after successful accessory atrioventricular pathway ablation in resuscitated patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2002; 13:231-236
Timmermans C, Smeets JL, Rodriguez LM, Vrouchos G, van den Dool A, Wellens HJ. Aborted sudden death in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:492-494
Bromberg BI, Lindsay BD, Cain ME, Cox JL. Impact of clinical history and electrophysiologic characterization of accessory pathways on management strategies to reduce sudden death among children with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:690-695
Al-Khatib SM, Arshad A, Balk EM, Das SR, Hsu JC, Joglar JA, Page RL. Risk stratification for arrhythmic events in patients with asymptomatic pre-excitation: A systematic review for the 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 2016;13:e222-237
Maron BJ, Ommen SR, Semsarian C, Spirito P, Olivotto I, Maron MS. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:83-99
Robinson K, Frenneaux MP, Stockins B, Karatasakis G, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ. Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:1279-1285
Mozaffarian D, Furberg CD, Psaty BM, Siscovick D. Physical activity and incidence of atrial fibrillation in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. Circulation 2008; 118:800-807
Elosua R, Arquer A, Mont L, Sambola A, Molina L, Garcia-Moran E, Brugada J, Marrugat J. Sport practice and the risk of lone atrial fibrillation: a case-control study. Int J Cardiol 2006;108:332-337
Mont L, Sambola A, Brugada J, Vacca M, Marrugat J, Elosua R, Pare C, Azqueta M, Sanz G. Long-lasting sport practice and lone atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2002;23: 477-482
Abdulla J, Nielsen JR. Is the risk of atrial fibrillation higher in athletes than in the general population? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 2009;11: 1156-1159
Thelle DS, Selmer R, Gjesdal K, Sakshaug S, Jugessur A, Graff-Iversen S, Tverdal A, NystadW. Resting heart rate and physical activity as risk factors for lone atrial fibrillation: a prospective study of 309,540 men and women. Heart 2013;99: 1755-1760
Wilhelm M, Roten L, Tanner H, Wilhelm I, Schmid JP, Saner H. Atrial remodeling, autonomic tone, and lifetime training hours in nonelite athletes. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:580-585
Guasch E, Benito B, Qi X, Cifelli C, Naud P, Shi Y, Mighiu A, Tardif JC, Tadevosyan A, Chen Y, Gillis MA, Iwasaki YK, Dobrev D, Mont L, Heximer S, Nattel S. Atrial fibrillation promotion by endurance exercise: demonstration and mechanistic exploration in an animal model. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:68-77
Andersen K, Farahmand B, Ahlbom A, Held C, Ljunghall S, Michaelsson K, Sundstrom J. Risk of arrhythmias in 52 755 long-distance cross-country skiers: a cohort study. Eur Heart J 2013;34:3624-3631
Biffi A, Maron BJ, Culasso F, Verdile L, Fernando F, Di Giacinto B, Di Paolo FM, Spataro A, Delise P, Pelliccia A. Patterns of ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with training, deconditioning and retraining in elite athletes without cardiovascular abnormalities. Am J Cardiol 2011;107:697-703
Calvo N, Mont L, Tamborero D, Berruezo A, Viola G, Guasch E, Nadal M, Andreu D, Vidal B, Sitges M, Brugada J. Efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation of atrial fibrillation in endurance athletes. Europace 2010;12:30-36
Koopman P, Nuyens D, Garweg C, La Gerche A, De Buck S, Van Casteren L, Alzand B, Willems R, Heidbuchel H. Efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation in athletes with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2011;13:1386-1393
Heidbuchel H, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Corrado D, Hoffmann E, Biffi A, Delise P, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Vanhees L, Ivarhoff P, Dorwarth U, Pelliccia A. Recommendations for participation in leisure-time physical activity and competitive sports in patients with arrhythmias and potentially arrhythmogenic conditions Part I: Supraventricular arrhythmias and pacemakers. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:475-484
Silversides CK, Harris L, Haberer K, Sermer M, Colman JM, Siu SC. Recurrence rates of arrhythmias during pregnancy in women with previous tachyarrhythmia and impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:1206-1212
Salam AM, Ertekin E, van Hagen IM, Al Suwaidi J, Ruys TPE, Johnson MR, Gumbiene L, Frogoudaki AA, Sorour KA, Iserin L, Ladouceur M, van Oppen ACC, Hall R, Roos-Hesselink JW. Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter During Pregnancy in Patients With Structural Heart Disease: Data From the ROPAC (Registry on Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease). JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2015;1: 284-292
Baumgartner H, Bonhoeffer P, De Groot NM, de Haan F, Deanfield JE, Galie N, Gatzoulis MA, Gohlke-Baerwolf C, Kaemmerer H, Kilner P, Meijboom F, Mulder BJ, Oechslin E, Oliver JM, Serraf A, Szatmari A, Thaulow E, Vouhe PR, Walma E. ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010). Eur Heart J 2010;31:2915-2957
Page RL. Treatment of arrhythmias during pregnancy. Am Heart J 1995;130: 871-876
Magee LA, Duley L. Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;3:CD002863
Mitani GM, Steinberg I, Lien EJ, Harrison EC, Elkayam U. The pharmacokinetics of antiarrhythmic agents in pregnancy and lactation. Clin Pharmacokinet 1987;12: 253-291
Gowda RM, Khan IA, Mehta NJ, Vasavada BC, Sacchi TJ. Cardiac arrhythmias in pregnancy: clinical and therapeutic considerations. Int J Cardiol 2003;88:129-133
Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary (online). http://www .medicinescomplete.com (2 December 2014)
Bartalena L, Bogazzi F, Braverman LE, Martino E. Effects of amiodarone administration during pregnancy on neonatal thyroid function and subsequent neurodevelopment. J Endocrinol Invest 2001;24:116-130
Jaeggi ET, Carvalho JS, De Groot E, Api O, Clur SA, Rammeloo L, McCrindle BW, Ryan G, Manlhiot C, Blom NA. Comparison of transplacental treatment of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with digoxin, flecainide, and sotalol: results of a nonrandomized multicenter study. Circulation 2011;124:1747-1754
Ghosh N, Luk A, Derzko C, Dorian P, Chow CM. The acute treatment of maternal supraventricular tachycardias during pregnancy: a review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2011;33:17-23
Bates SM, Greer IA, Middeldorp S, Veenstra DL, Prabulos AM, Vandvik PO, American College of Chest Physicians. VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012;141:e691S-736S
Ahlsson AJ, Bodin L, Lundblad OH, Englund AG. Postoperative atrial fibrillation is not correlated to C-reactive protein. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:1332-1337
Arsenault KA, Yusuf AM, Crystal E, Healey JS, Morillo CA, Nair GM, Whitlock RP. Interventions for preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing heart surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1:Cd003611
Mathew JP, Fontes ML, Tudor IC, Ramsay J, Duke P, Mazer CD, Barash PG, Hsu PH, Mangano DT. A multicenter risk index for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. JAMA 2004;291:1720-1729
Steinberg BA, Zhao Y, He X, Hernandez AF, Fullerton DA, Thomas KL, Mills R, Klaskala W, Peterson ED, Piccini JP. Management of postoperative atrial fibrillation and subsequent outcomes in contemporary patients undergoing cardiac surgery: insights from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons CAPS-Care Atrial Fibrillation Registry. Clin Cardiol 2014;37:7-13
Khan MF, Wendel CS, Movahed MR. Prevention of post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) atrial fibrillation: efficacy of prophylactic beta-blockers in the modern era a meta-analysis of latest randomized controlled trials. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2013;18:58-68
Burgess DC, Kilborn MJ, Keech AC. Interventions for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2846-2857
Chatterjee S, Sardar P, Mukherjee D, Lichstein E, Aikat S. Timing and route of amiodarone for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a network regression meta-analysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013;36: 1017-1023
Zhu J,Wang C, Gao D, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Gao Y. Meta-analysis of amiodarone versus beta-blocker as a prophylactic therapy against atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery. Intern Med J 2012;42:1078-1087
Fauchier L, Clementy N, Babuty D. Statin therapy and atrial fibrillation: systematic review and updated meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials. Curr Opin Cardiol 2013;28:7-18
Zheng H, Xue S, Hu ZL, Shan JG, Yang WG. The use of statins to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting a meta-analysis of 12 studies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014;64:285-292
Zheng Z, Jayaram R, Jiang L, Emberson J, Zhao Y, Li Q, Du J, Guarguagli S, Hill M, Chen Z, Collins R, Casadei B. Perioperative Rosuvastatin in Cardiac Surgery. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1744-1753
Cook RC, Yamashita MH, Kearns M, Ramanathan K, Gin K, Humphries KH. Prophylactic magnesium does not prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;95:533-541
De Oliveira GS Jr, Knautz JS, Sherwani S, McCarthy RJ. Systemic magnesium to reduce postoperative arrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26:643-650
Costanzo S, di Niro V, Di Castelnuovo A, Gianfagna F, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in open heart surgery patients by preoperative supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: an updated meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;146:906-911
Farquharson AL, Metcalf RG, Sanders P, Stuklis R, Edwards JR, Gibson RA, Cleland LG, Sullivan TR, James MJ, Young GD. Effect of dietary fish oil on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol 2011;108:851-856
Heidarsdottir R, Arnar DO, Skuladottir GV, Torfason B, Edvardsson V, Gottskalksson G, Palsson R, Indridason OS. Does treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery? Europace 2010;12:356-363
Mariani J, Doval HC, Nul D, Varini S, Grancelli H, Ferrante D, Tognoni G, Macchia A. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent atrial fibrillation: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e005033
Rodrigo R, Korantzopoulos P, Cereceda M, Asenjo R, Zamorano J, Villalabeitia E, Baeza C, Aguayo R, Castillo R, Carrasco R, Gormaz JG. A randomized controlled trial to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1457-1465
Saravanan P, Bridgewater B, West AL, O'Neill SC, Calder PC, Davidson NC. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not reduce risk of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:46-53
Wu JH, Marchioli R, Silletta MG, Macchia A, Song X, Siscovick DS, Harris WS, Masson S, Latini R, Albert C, Brown NJ, Lamarra M, Favaloro RR, Mozaffarian D. Plasma phospholipid omega-3 fatty acids and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the OPERA trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e000397
Xin W, Wei W, Lin Z, Zhang X, Yang H, Zhang T, Li B, Mi S. Fish oil and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2013;8:e72913
Zhang B, Zhen Y, Tao A, Bao Z, Zhang G. Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiol 2014;63:53-59
Imazio M, Brucato A, Ferrazzi P, Pullara A, Adler Y, Barosi A, Caforio AL, Cemin R, Chirillo F, Comoglio C, Cugola D, Cumetti D, Dyrda O, Ferrua S, Finkelstein Y, Flocco R, Gandino A, Hoit B, Innocente F, Maestroni S, Musumeci F, Oh J, Pergolini A, Polizzi V, Ristic A, Simon C, Spodick DH, Tarzia V, Trimboli S, Valenti A, Belli R, Gaita F, COPPS-2 Investigators. Colchicine for prevention of postpericardiotomy syndrome and postoperative atrial fibrillation: the COPPS-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014;312:1016-1023
Cappabianca G, Rotunno C, Tupputi Schinosa L, Ranieri VM, Paparella D. Protective effects of steroids in cardiac surgery a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2011;25:156-165
Viviano A, Kanagasabay R, Zakkar M. Is perioperative corticosteroid administration associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation in adult cardiac surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014;18:225-229
Kaleda VI, McCormack DJ, Shipolini AR. Does posterior pericardiotomy reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2012;14:384-389
Dunning J, Treasure T, Versteegh M, Nashef SA. Guidelines on the prevention and management of de novo atrial fibrillation after cardiac and thoracic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;30:852-872
LaPar DJ, Speir AM, Crosby IK, Fonner E Jr, Brown M, Rich JB, Quader M, Kern JA, Kron IL, Ailawadi G, Investigators for the Virginia Cardiac Surgery Quality Initiative. Postoperative atrial fibrillation significantly increases mortality, hospital readmission, and hospital costs. Ann Thorac Surg 2014;98:527-533; discussion 533
Saxena A, Dinh DT, Smith JA, Shardey GC, Reid CM, Newcomb AE. Usefulness of postoperative atrial fibrillation as an independent predictor for worse early and late outcomes after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (multicenter Australian study of 19,497 patients). Am J Cardiol 2012;109:219-225
Gialdini G, Nearing K, Bhave PD, Bonuccelli U, Iadecola C, Healey JS, Kamel H. Perioperative atrial fibrillation and the long-term risk of ischemic stroke. JAMA 2014;312:616-622
Ahlsson A, Bodin L, Fengsrud E, Englund A. Patients with postoperative atrial fibrillation have a doubled cardiovascular mortality. Scand Cardiovasc J 2009;43: 330-336
Ahlsson A, Fengsrud E, Bodin L, Englund A. Postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery carries an eightfold risk of future atrial fibrillation and a doubled cardiovascular mortality. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:1353-1359
Mariscalco G, Klersy C, Zanobini M, Banach M, Ferrarese S, Borsani P, Cantore C, Biglioli P, Sala A. Atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary surgery affects late survival. Circulation 2008;118:1612-1618
Villareal RP, Hariharan R, Liu BC, Kar B, Lee VV, Elayda M, Lopez JA, Rasekh A, Wilson JM, Massumi A. Postoperative atrial fibrillation and mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:742-748
Phan K, Ha HS, Phan S, Medi C, Thomas SP, Yan TD. New-onset atrial fibrillation following coronary bypass surgery predicts long-term mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015;48:817-824
El-Chami MF, Kilgo P, Thourani V, Lattouf OM, Delurgio DB, Guyton RA, Leon AR, Puskas JD. New-onset atrial fibrillation predicts long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1370-1376
Anderson E, Dyke C, Levy JH. Anticoagulation strategies for the management of postoperative atrial fibrillation. Clin Lab Med 2014;34:537-561
Heldal M, Atar D. Pharmacological conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Scand Cardiovasc J Suppl 2013;47:2-10
Gillinov AM, Bagiella E, Moskowitz AJ, Raiten JM, Groh MA, Bowdish ME, Ailawadi G, Kirkwood KA, Perrault LP, Parides MK, Smith RL, Kern JA, Dussault G, Hackmann AE, Jeffries NO, Miller MA, Taddei-Peters WC, Rose EA, Weisel RD, Williams DL, Mangusan RF, Argenziano M, Moquete EG, O'Sullivan KL, Pellerin M, Shah KJ, Gammie JS, Mayer ML, Voisine P, Gelijns AC, O'Gara PT, Mack MJ, CTSN. Rate Control versus Rhythm Control for Atrial Fibrillation after Cardiac Surgery. N Engl J Med 2016;374:1911-1921
Triedman JK. Arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart 2002;87: 383-389
Ammash NM, Phillips SD, Hodge DO, Connolly HM, Grogan MA, Friedman PA, Warnes CA, Asirvatham SJ. Outcome of direct current cardioversion for atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiol 2012;154:270-274
Greason KL, Dearani JA, Theodoro DA, Porter CB, Warnes CA, Danielson GK. Surgical management of atrial tachyarrhythmias associated with congenital cardiac anomalies: Mayo Clinic experience. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2003;6:59-71
Payne L, Zeigler VL, Gillette PC. Acute cardiac arrhythmias following surgery for congenital heart disease: mechanisms, diagnostic tools, and management. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2011;23:255-272
Koyak Z, Harris L, de Groot JR, Silversides CK, Oechslin EN, Bouma BJ, BudtsW, Zwinderman AH, Van Gelder IC, Mulder BJ. Sudden cardiac death in adult congenital heart disease. Circulation 2012;126:1944-1954
Jensen AS, Idorn L, Norager B, Vejlstrup N, Sondergaard L. Anticoagulation in adults with congenital heart disease: The who, the when and the how? Heart 2014;101:424-429
Fujita S, Takahashi K, Takeuchi D, Manaka T, Shoda M, Hagiwara N, Kurosawa H, Nakanishi T. Management of late atrial tachyarrhythmia long after Fontan operation. J Cardiol 2009;53:410-416
Feltes TF, Friedman RA. Transesophageal echocardiographic detection of atrial thrombi in patients with nonfibrillation atrial tachyarrhythmias and congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1365-1370. 1678r ESC Guidelines
Nagao K, Tsuchihashi K, Tanaka S, Iimura O. [Studies on atrial arrhythmias in atrial septal defect. The influences of aging on atrial fibrillation]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 1995;32:27-32
Giamberti A, Chessa M, Abella R, Butera G, Negura D, Foresti S, Carminati M, Cappato R, Frigiola A. Surgical treatment of arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart defects. Int J Cardiol 2008;129:37-41
Roos-Hesselink JW, Meijboom FJ, Spitaels SE, van Domburg R, van Rijen EH, Utens EM, Bogers AJ, Simoons ML. Excellent survival and low incidence of arrhythmias, stroke and heart failure long-term after surgical ASD closure at young age. A prospective follow-up study of 21-33 years. Eur Heart J 2003;24:190-197
Yamada T, McElderry HT, Muto M, Murakami Y, Kay GN. Pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation after direct suture closure of congenital atrial septal defect. Circ J 2007;71:1989-1992
Van Bruaene A, Delcroix M, Pasquet A, Backer J, Paelinck B, Morissens M, BudtsW. The importance of pulmonary artery pressures on late atrial arrhythmia in transcatheter and surgically closed ASD type secundum. Int J Cardiol 2011;152: 192-195
de Salle P, Goenen M, Lecron J, Jaumin P, Tremouroux J. [Rhythm disorders occurring after surgical closure of the interatrial communication]. Acta Cardiol 1975; 30:239-249
Scaglione M, Caponi D, Ebrille E, Di Donna P, Di Clemente F, Battaglia A, Raimondo C, Appendino M, Gaita F. Very long-term results of electroanatomicguided radiofrequency ablation of atrial arrhythmias in patients with surgically corrected atrial septal defect. Europace 2014;16:1800-1807
Kanter RJ, Garson A Jr. Atrial arrhythmias during chronic follow-up of surgery for complex congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20:502-511
Porter CJ, Garson A. Incidence and management of dysrhythmias after Fontan procedure. Herz 1993;18:318-327
Gelatt M, Hamilton RM, McCrindle BW, Gow RM, Williams WG, Trusler GA, Freedom RM. Risk factors for atrial tachyarrhythmias after the Fontan operation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1735-1741
Peters NS, Somerville J. Arrhythmias after the Fontan procedure. Br Heart J 1992; 68:199-204
Kwak JG, Kim WH, Lee JR, Kim YJ. Surgical therapy of arrhythmias in singleventricle patients undergoing Fontan or Fontan conversion. J Card Surg 2009; 24:738-741
Backer CL, Tsao S, Deal BJ, Mavroudis C. Maze procedure in single ventricle patients. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2008;11:44-48
Deal BJ, Mavroudis C, Backer CL. The role of concomitant arrhythmia surgery in patients undergoing repair of congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008;31:S13-16
Gandhi SK. Atrial arrhythmia surgery in congenital heart disease. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2007;20:119-125
Correa R, Sherwin ED, Kovach J, Mah DY, Alexander ME, Cecchin F, Walsh EP, Triedman JK, Abrams DJ. Mechanism and ablation of arrhythmia following total cavopulmonary connection. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:318-325
Khairy P, Aboulhosn J, Gurvitz MZ, Opotowsky AR, Mongeon FP, Kay J, Valente AM, Earing MG, Lui G, Gersony DR, Cook S, Ting JG, Nickolaus MJ, Webb G, Landzberg MJ, Broberg CS, Alliance for Adult Research in Congenital Cardiology. Arrhythmia burden in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a multi-institutional study. Circulation 2010;122:868-875
Kobayashi J, Yamamoto F, Nakano K, Sasako Y, Kitamura S, Kosakai Y. Maze procedure for atrial fibrillation associated with atrial septal defect. Circulation 1998;98: II399-402
Shim H, Yang JH, Park PW, Jeong DS, Jun TG. Efficacy of the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation associated with atrial septal defect. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;46:98-103
Gutierrez SD, Earing MG, Singh AK, Tweddell JS, Bartz PJ. Atrial tachyarrhythmias and the Cox-maze procedure in congenital heart disease. Congenit Heart Dis 2013; 8:434-439
Sherwin ED, Triedman JK,Walsh EP. Update on interventional electrophysiology in congenital heart disease: evolving solutions for complex hearts. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013;6:1032-1040
Wellens HJ. Contemporary management of atrial flutter. Circulation 2002;106: 649-652
Bertaglia E, Zoppo F, Bonso A, Proclemer A, Verlato R, Coro L, Mantovan R, D'Este D, Zerbo F, Pascotto P. Long term follow up of radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter: clinical course and predictors of atrial fibrillation occurrence. Heart 2004;90:59-63
Seara JG, Roubin SR, Gude Sampedro F, Barreiro VB, Sande JM, Manero MR, Grandio PC, Alvarez B, Juanatey JG. Risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke, and death after radiofrequency catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter. Clin Res Cardiol 2014;103:543-552
Brembilla-Perrot B, Girerd N, Sellal JM, Olivier A, Manenti V, Villemin T, Beurrier D, de Chillou C, Louis P, Selton O, Chaise AT. Risk of atrial fibrillation after atrial flutter ablation: impact of AF history, gender, and antiarrhythmic drug medication. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2014;25:813-820
Bronis K, Metaxa S, Koulouris S, Manolis AS. Vernakalant: review of a novel atrial selective antiarrhythmic agent and its place in current treatment of atrial fibrillation. Hosp Chronicles 2012;7:171-181
Nair M, George LK, Koshy SK. Safety and efficacy of ibutilide in cardioversion of atrial flutter and fibrillation. J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24:86-92
Reisinger J, Gstrein C, Winter T, Zeindlhofer E, Hollinger K, Mori M, Schiller A, Winter A, Geiger H, Siostrzonek P. Optimization of initial energy for cardioversion of atrial tachyarrhythmias with biphasic shocks. Am J Emerg Med 2010;28: 159-165
Pinski SL, Sgarbossa EB, Ching E, Trohman RG. A comparison of 50-J versus 100-J shocks for direct-current cardioversion of atrial flutter. Am Heart J 1999;137: 439-442
Manolis AS, Dragazis I, Kapelakis I, Papadimitriou P, Sakellaris N. Transesophageal overdrive pacing: A simple and versatile tool. Hosp Chronicles 2013;8: 143-145
Spector P, Reynolds MR, Calkins H, Sondhi M, Xu Y, Martin A, Williams CJ, Sledge I. Meta-analysis of ablation of atrial flutter and supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:671-677
Schmieder S, Ndrepepa G, Dong J, Zrenner B, Schreieck J, Schneider MA, Karch MR, Schmitt C. Acute and long-term results of radiofrequency ablation of common atrial flutter and the influence of the right atrial isthmus ablation on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2003;24:956-962
Bandini A, Golia P, Caroli E, Biancoli S, Galvani M. Atrial fibrillation after typical atrial flutter ablation: a long-term follow-up. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2011; 12:110-115
Dewland TA, Glidden DV, Marcus GM. Healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes after catheter ablation of atrial flutter. PLoS One 2014;9:e100509
Esato M, Hindricks G, Sommer P, Arya A, Gaspar T, Bode K, Bollmann A, Wetzel U, Hilbert S, Kircher S, Eitel C, Piorkowski C. Color-coded threedimensional entrainment mapping for analysis and treatment of atrial macroreentrant tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2009;6:349-358
Huo Y, Schoenbauer R, Richter S, Rolf S, Sommer P, Arya A, Rastan A, Doll N, Mohr FW, Hindricks G, Piorkowski C, Gaspar T. Atrial Arrhythmias Following Surgical AF Ablation: Electrophysiological Findings, Ablation Strategies, and Clinical Outcome. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2014;25:725-738
Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001
Bodenheimer T,Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness. JAMA 2002;288:1775-1779
Hibbard JH, Greene J. What the evidence shows about patient activation: better health outcomes and care experiences; fewer data on costs. Health Aff (Millwood) 2013;32:207-214
McCabe PJ. Self-management of atrial fibrillation: a new frontier for nursing research. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs 2008;23:37-40
Lip GY, Kamath S, Jafri M, Mohammed A, Bareford D. Ethnic differences in patient perceptions of atrial fibrillation and anticoagulation therapy: the West Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Project. Stroke 2002;33:238-242
Clarkesmith DE, Pattison HM, Lane DA. Educational and behavioural interventions for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;6:Cd008600
Clarkesmith DE, Pattison HM, Lip GY, Lane DA. Educational intervention improves anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients: the TREAT randomised trial. PLoS One 2013;8:e74037
Smith DE, Xuereb CB, Pattison HM, Lip GY, Lane DA. TRial of an Educational intervention on patients' knowledge of Atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant therapy, INR control, and outcome of Treatment with warfarin (TREAT). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2010;10:21
Smith MB, Christensen N,Wang S, Strohecker J, Day JD,Weiss JP, Crandall BG, Osborn JS, Anderson JL, Horne BD, Muhlestein JB, Lappe DL, Moss H, Oliver J, Viau K, Bunch TJ.Warfarin knowledge in patients with atrial fibrillation: implications for safety, efficacy, and education strategies. Cardiology 2010;116:61-69
Aliot E, Breithardt G, Brugada J, Camm J, Lip GY, Vardas PE, Wagner M, Atrial Fibrillation AWareness and Risk Education group [comprising the Atrial Fibrillation Association (AFA), the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Stroke Alliance for Europe (SAFE), and the World Heart Federation (WHF)]. An international survey of physician and patient understanding, perception, and attitudes to atrial fibrillation and its contribution to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Europace 2010;12:626-633
Hendriks JM, Crijns HJ, Tieleman RG, Vrijhoef HJ. The atrial fibrillation knowledge scale: development, validation and results. Int J Cardiol 2013;168: 1422-1428
McCabe PJ. What patients want and need to know about atrial fibrillation. J Multidiscip Healthc 2011;4:413-419
Lorig KR, Holman H. Self-management education: history, definition, outcomes, and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med 2003;26:1-7
Stiggelbout AM, Van der Weijden T, De Wit MP, Frosch D, Legare F, Montori VM, Trevena L, Elwyn G. Shared decision making: really putting patients at the centre of healthcare. BMJ 2012;344:e256
Stacey D, Legare F, Col NF, Bennett CL, Barry MJ, Eden KB, Holmes-Rovner M, Llewellyn-Thomas H, Lyddiatt A, Thomson R, Trevena L, Wu JH. Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;1:CD001431
Elwyn G, Frosch D, Thomson R, Joseph-Williams N, Lloyd A, Kinnersley P, Cording E, Tomson D, Dodd C, Rollnick S, Edwards A, Barry M. Shared decision making: a model for clinical practice. J Gen Intern Med 2012;27:1361-1367
VanWagoner DR, Piccini JP, Albert CM, Anderson ME, Benjamin EJ, Brundel B, Califf RM, Calkins H, Chen PS, Chiamvimonvat N, Darbar D, Eckhardt LL, Ellinor PT, Exner DV, Fogel RI, Gillis AM, Healey J, Hohnloser SH, Kamel H, Lathrop DA, Lip GY, Mehra R, Narayan SM, Olgin J, Packer D, Peters NS, Roden DM, Ross HM, Sheldon R,Wehrens XH. Progress toward the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation: A summary of the Heart Rhythm Society Research Forum on the Treatment and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation, Washington, DC, December 9-10, 2013. Heart Rhythm 2015;12:e5-e29
Nieuwenhuizen KM, van derWorp HB, Algra A, Kappelle LJ, Rinkel GJ, van Gelder IC, Schutgens RE, Klijn CJ, APACHE-AF Investigators. Apixaban versus Antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotic drugs after anticoagulation-associated intraCerebral HaEmorrhage in patients with Atrial Fibrillation (APACHE-AF): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015;16:393
Gronberg T, Nuotio I, Nikkinen M, Ylitalo A, Vasankari T, Hartikainen JE, Airaksinen KE. Arrhythmic complications after electrical cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation: the FinCV study. Europace 2013;15:1432-1435
Tse HF, Lau CP. Does sinus rhythm beget sinus rhythm? Effects of prompt cardioversion on the frequency and persistence of recurrent atrial fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Rev 2003;7:359-365
Van Gelder IC, Hemels ME. The progressive nature of atrial fibrillation: a rationale for early restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm. Europace 2006;8: 943-949
Liu ZJ, Fu WG, Guo ZY, Shen LG, Shi ZY, Li JH. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing carotid artery stenting and carotid endarterectomy in the treatment of carotid stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:576-590
Taylor DW, Barnett HJM, Haynes RB, Ferguson GG, Sackett DL, Thorpe KE, Simard D, Silver FL, Hachinski V, Clagett GP, barnes R, Spence JD, ASA and Carotid Endarterectomy (ACE) trial collaborators. Low-dose and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:2179-2184
Watanabe M, Chaudhry SA, Adil MM, Alqadri SL, Majidi S, Semaan E, Qureshi AI. The effect of atrial fibrillation on outcomes in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or stent placement in general practice. J Vasc Surg 2015;61: 927-932
Breithardt G, Baumgartner H, Berkowitz SD, Hellkamp AS, Piccini JP, Stevens SR, Lokhnygina Y, Patel MR, Halperin JL, Singer DE, Hankey GJ, Hacke W, Becker RC, Nessel CC, Mahaffey KW, Fox KA, Califf RM, ROCHET AF Steering Committee &Investigators. Clinical characteristics and outcomes with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation but underlying native mitral and aortic valve disease participating in the ROCKET AF trial. Eur Heart J 2014;35:3377-3385
Philippart R, Brunet-Bernard A, Clementy N, Bourguignon T, Mirza A, Babuty D, Angoulvant D, Lip GY, Fauchier L. Prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score in patients with 'non-valvular atrial fibrillation' and valvular heart disease: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1822-1830
Breithardt G, Baumgartner H. Valvular heart disease among non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a misnomer, in search of a new term. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1794-1797
Wolf RK, Schneeberger EW, Osterday R, Miller D, Merrill W, Flege JB Jr, Gillinov AM. Video-assisted bilateral pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;130: 797-802
Yilmaz A, Van Putte BP, Van Boven WJ. Completely thoracoscopic bilateral pulmonary vein isolation and left atrial appendage exclusion for atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;136:521-522
Salzberg SP, Plass A, Emmert MY, Desbiolles L, Alkadhi H, Grunenfelder J, Genoni M. Left atrial appendage clip occlusion: early clinical results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:1269-1274
Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. A randomised controlled trial to investigate the clinical and cost effectiveness of adding an ablation device-based maze procedure as a routine adjunct to elective cardiac surgery for patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN82731440 (5 May 2016)
Amit G, Nyong J, Morillo CA, Casas JP, Adler AJ, Owolabi OO, Perel P, Prieto-Merino D, Lambiase P. Efficacy and safety of ablation for patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; 8: CD012088. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012088.pub2
Huffman MD, Karmali KN, Berendsen MA, Andrei A-C, Kruse J, McCarthy PM, Malaisrie CS. Concomitant atrial fibrillation surgery for people undergoing cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016; 8: CD011814. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011814.pub2
Allen V, Banerjee A, SHah AD, Patel R, Denaxas S, Casas J-P, Hemingway H. Net clinical benefit of warfarin in individuals with atrial fibrillation across stroke risk and acros primary and secondary care. Heart, http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309910
Kirchhof P, Calkins H. Catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2016;doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw260
