Les protéines de choc thermique (heat shock proteins). II Les protéines de choc thermique (heat shock proteins). II. Hsp70, biomarqueur, bioprotecteur.
[fr] The exposure of any organism to high temperature induces rapid and transient cellular overexpression of specific proteins, the heat shock proteins (Hsps). This response, called heat shock response, was initially discovered in Drosophila. The genes hsps were among the first eukaryotic genes to be cloned and whose regulation, which involves activation of heat shock factor (HSF), was elucidated. More recently, study of Hsp functions, particularly Hsp70, started. Their protective role, related to their molecular chaperon function, was inferred from experiments showing that Hsp70 expression, induced by a first stress, results in a cellular tolerance to second stress. Better understanding of the heat shock response had led to the development of two search fields on Hsp70 expression : (1) its use as biomarker of cellular stress and (2) the exploitation of its cytoprotective functions against various insults. This review includes historic of the research on the heat shock response, description of regulation mechanism of Hsp70 expression, and the interesting perspectives allocated to Hsp70 as biomarker and therapeutic tool. ----------- L’exposition de tout organisme à des températures élevées induit l'expression cellulaire rapide et transitoire de protéines spécifiques, les protéines de choc thermique (Hsps pour " heat shock proteins "). Cette réponse des cellules au choc thermique ou " heat shock response " a été initialement découverte chez la drosophile. Les gènes hsps furent parmi les premiers gènes eucaryotes à être clonés et utilisés comme paradigme dans l'étude des mécanismes de régulation transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir l'activation d'un ou plusieurs " heat shock factors" (HSFs). C'est plus récemment que l'étude des fonctions des Hsps, particulièrement Hsp70, a débuté. Le rôle protecteur de celle-ci, lié à sa fonction de " chaperon " protéique, a été déduit d'expériences montrant que l'induction de l'expression de Hsp70 lors d'un stress était associée au développement d'une tolérance cellulaire vis-à-vis d'un stress ultérieur. En plus d'un intérêt fondamental pour la compréhension de la "réponse au choc thermique", deux axes de recherche appliquée se sont développés visant à investiguer la possibilité d'utiliser l'expression de Hsp70 comme biomarqueur de souffrance cellulaire d'une part et, d'autre part, d'exploiter ses fonctions comme moyen de protection des cellules contre divers types d'agressions. Cette revue décrit l'historique des découvertes sur la " réponse au choc thermique ", le mécanisme régulant l'expression de Hsp70 ainsi que les perspectives intéressantes s'ouvrant à l'utilisation de l'expression de Hsp70 en tant que biomarqueur et outil thérapeutique.
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Wirth, Delphine
Gustin, Pascal ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de sciences fonctionnelles > Pharmacologie, pharmacothérapie et toxicologie
Drion, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Services généraux (Faculté de médecine vétérinaire) > Méth. expér. des anim. de labo et éthique en expér. animale
Dessy, Cécile ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Services généraux (Faculté de médecine vétérinaire) > Relations académiques et scientifiques (Méd. vétérinaire)
Christiaens, E.
Language :
French
Title :
Les protéines de choc thermique (heat shock proteins). II Les protéines de choc thermique (heat shock proteins). II. Hsp70, biomarqueur, bioprotecteur.
Alternative titles :
[en] The heat shock proteins (Hsps). II. Hsp70: biomarker and actor of cellular stress
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