Spraying; Pesticide; CFD; Volume Of Fluid; Weber number
Abstract :
[en] The dynamic impact behaviour of water droplets on plant surfaces was investigated based on a multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The study was conducted using the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) approach. The static contact angle of water droplets on leaf surfaces of different plants (apple, pear, leek and cabbage) was measured and found to vary between 54.9 and 138.2°. Impact experiments were conducted by monitoring the flow and impact characteristics of water droplets on leaves in still air with a high speed camera. Droplets were generated by an agricultural flat fan spray nozzle moving across the leaf at constant speed. The nozzle produced droplets with diameters ranging from 20.6 up to 550.8 μm, and droplet velocity values near the impact between 0.03 and 13.2 m s(-1). The CFD model was capable of predicting the observed dynamic impact behaviour of droplets on the plant surfaces. The fate of the droplets after the impact process for adhesion, bouncing or splashing was accurately predicted for Weber numbers (We) in the range of 0.007 to 1096 and droplet Reynolds numbers (Re) between 5 to 8000. The process was highly dependent on the surface and droplet flow characteristics during the impact. Combinations of We, Re and Ohnesorge (Oh) numbers defined the droplet maximum spread factor, the number of secondary droplets generated as a result of the splashing process and the transition between the different impact outcomes. These criteria can then be used in field scale spray deposition and drift models to better understand agricultural spray operations.
P. Wagner R. Fürstner W. Barthlott C. Neinhuis J. Exp. Bot. 2003 54 1295 1303
A. L. Yarin Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2006 38 159 192
M. Massinon F. Lebeau Biotechnol., Agron., Soc. Environ. 2013 17 494 504
X. Dong H. Zhu X. Yang Pest Manage. Sci. 2014 71 302 308
G. J. Dorr D. M. Kempthorne L. C. Mayo W. A. Forster J. A. Zabkiewicz S. W. McCue J. A. Belward I. W. Turner J. Hanan Ecol. Modell. 2014 290 94 101
J. A. Tolk T. A. Howell J. L. Steiner D. R. Krieg A. D. Schneider Irrig. Sci. 1995 16 89 95
J. Uddin, R. Smith, N. Hancock and J. Foley, in Australian Irrigation Conference and Exibition 2010: One Water Many Futures, Sydney, Australia, 2010, pp. 1-10
C. Bassette F. Bussière Agric. For. Meteorol. 2008 148 991 1004
E. Baker G. M. G. Hunt New Phytol. 1986 102 161 173
H. Wang H. Shi Y. Li Y. Wang PLoS One 2014 9 e107062
I. K. Zwertvaegher M. Verhaeghe E. Brusselman P. Verboven F. Lebeau M. Massinon B. M. Nicolaï D. Nuyttens Biosyst. Eng. 2014 126 82 91
G. Mercer, W. L. Sweatman, A. Elvin, J. Caunce, G. Fulford, S. Harper and R. Pennifold, Proc. 2006 Math. Study Group., ed., G. Wake, 2007, pp. 57-85
Y. Kang Q. G. Wang H. J. Liu Agric. Water Manage. 2005 74 189 199
M. Massinon F. Lebeau Biosyst. Eng. 2012 112 56 64
G. Dorr J. Hanan S. Adkins A. Hewitt B. Noller Funct. Plant Biol. 2008 35 988 996
A. T. Duga D. Dekeyser K. Ruysen D. Bylemans D. Nuyttens B. M. Nicolai P. Verboven Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2015 157 517 535
T. Duga K. Ruysen D. Dekeyser D. Nuyttens D. Bylemans B. M. Nicolai P. Verboven Crop Prot. 2015 67 200 213
A. M. Endalew C. Debaer N. Rutten J. Vercammen M. A. Delele H. Ramon B. M. Nicolaï P. Verboven Agric. For. Meteorol. 2010 150 1383 1392
W. A. Forster M. O. Kimberley J. A. Zabkiewicz Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng. 2005 48 1321 1330
V. Bergeron J. Y. Martin L. Vovelle Agro Food Ind. Hi-Tech 1999 10 21 23
W. C. Schou W. A. Forster G. N. Mercer M. E. Teske H. W. Thistle Trans. ASABE 2012 55 2059 2066
M. Massinon B. Dumont N. De Cock S. O. T. Salah F. Lebeau Crop Prot. 2015 78 63 71
C. Richard Glass K. F. A. Walters P. H. Gaskell Y. C. Lee H. M. Thompson D. R. Emerson X. J. Gu Pest Manage. Sci. 2010 66 2 9
P. R. Gunjal V. V. Ranade R. V. Chaudhari AIChE J. 2005 51 59 78
G. Strotos M. Gavaises A. Theodorakakos G. Bergeles Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 2008 51 4728 4742
I. Malgarinos N. Nikolopoulos M. Marengo C. Antonini M. Gavaises Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2014 212 1 20
S. F. Lunkad V. V. Buwa K. D. P. Nigam Chem. Eng. Sci. 2007 62 7214 7224
H. Fujimoto Y. Shiotani A. Y. Tong T. Hama H. Takuda Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2007 33 317 332
H.-C. Wu W.-S. Hwang H.-J. Lin Mater. Sci. Eng., A 2004 373 268 278
J. Y. Li Q. Han Y. J. Zhao X. F. Yuan Adv. Mater. Res. 2011 354-355 579 584
S. V. Minov F. Cointault J. Vangeyte J. G. Pieters D. Nuyttens Crop Prot. 2015 69 18 27
C. W. Visser P. E. Frommhold S. Wildeman R. Mettin D. Lohse C. Sun Soft Matter 2015 11 1708 1722
G. Lagubeau M. A. Fontelos C. Josserand A. Maurel V. Pagneux P. Petitjeans J. Fluid Mech. 2012 713 50 60
T. Mao D. Kuhn H. Tran AIChE J. 1997 43 2169 2179
J. Fukai Y. Shiiba T. Yamamoto O. Miyatake D. Poulikakos C. M. Megaridis Z. Zhao Phys. Fluids 1995 7 236 247
D. W. Scheller B. L. Bousfield AIChE J. 1995 41 1357 1367
A. Asai M. Shioya S. Hirasawa T. Okazaki J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 1993 37 205 207
C. Mundo M. Sommerfeld C. Tropea Int. J. Multiphase Flow 1995 21 151 173
S. S. Yoon P. E. Desjardin C. Presser J. C. Hewson C. T. Avedisian Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2006 32 132 157
R. L. Vander Wal G. M. Berger S. D. Mozes Exp. Fluids 2006 40 53 59
J. U. Brackbill D. B. Kothe C. Zamach J. Comput. Phys. 1992 100 335 354
J. Eggers M. a. Fontelos C. Josserand S. Zaleski Phys. Fluids 2010 22 062101
R. Rioboo M. Marengo C. Tropea Exp. Fluids 2002 33 112 124
S. T. Thoroddsen T. G. Etoh K. Takehara N. Ootsuka Y. Hatsuki J. Fluid Mech. 2005 545 203 212
W. Bouwhuis R. C. A. Van Der Veen T. Tran D. L. Keij K. G. Winkels I. R. Peters D. Van Der Meer C. Sun J. H. Snoeijer D. Lohse Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012 109 2 5
R. C. A. van der Veen M. H. W. Hendrix T. Tran C. Sun P. A. Tsai D. Lohse Soft Matter 2014 10 3703 3707
S. Mandre M. Mani M. P. Brenner Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009 102 4 7
M. Mani S. Mandre M. P. Brenner J. Fluid Mech. 2010 647 163 185
L. Xu W. W. Zhang S. R. Nagel Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005 94 1 4
E. Villermaux B. Bossa J. Fluid Mech. 2011 668 412 435
S. Šikalo H.-D. Wilhelm I. V. Roisman S. Jakirlić C. Tropea Phys. Fluids 2005 17 062103
D. G. K. Aboud A.-M. Kietzig Langmuir 2015 31 10100 10111
C. Clanet C. Béguin D. Richard D. Quéré J. Fluid Mech. 2004 517 199 208
M. Bussmann S. Chandra J. Mostaghimi Phys. Fluids 2000 12 3121 3132
H. Marmanis S. T. Thoroddsen Phys. Fluids 1996 8 1344 1346
D. Quéré Phys. A 2002 313 32 46
R. N. Wenzel Ind. Eng. Chem. 1936 28 988 994
A. S. Ellis F. T. Smith A. H. White Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 2011 64 107 139
H. B. Parizi L. Rosenzweig J. Mostaghimi S. Chandra T. Coyle H. Salimi L. Pershin A. McDonald C. Moreau J. Therm. Spray Technol. 2007 16 713 721
L. Courbin J. C. Bird M. Reyssat H. A. Stone J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2009 21 1 13
