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Poster (Scientific congresses and symposiums)
Extremophile plants as source of biopesticides against European damageable plant pathogens
Ben Kaab, Sofiène; Parisi, Olivier; De Clerck, Caroline et al.
2016XIV Meeting of the IOBC-WPRS Working Group Biological Control of Fungal and Bacterial Plant Pathogens
 

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Keywords :
essential oils,; biopesticides; pathogens; polyphenols; fungistatic activity
Abstract :
[en] The use of plant-derived products in postharvest disease management may be a valid alternative to conventional chemical treatments (Pane et al., 2016). Unfavorable environmental conditions (such as salt and drought) increase production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, extremophile plants have developed adaptive responses including the synthesis of specific bioactive molecules used for medical and nutritional purposes (Ksouri et al., 2012). In that context, the main objective of the present study was the identification of effective plant extracts and essential oils from extremophile plants against the most important plant pathogens in Europe (in term of loss, treatment necessity and/or cost). The study began with the selection of four endemic medicinal species suspected to be antimicrobial due to their wealth of phenolic and terpene compounds, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins (Ksouri et al., 2012). Each of the aerial plant materials was grounded and macerated with solvent (methanol or chloroform) for 24 h. The solvent was then eliminated along rotavapor. The yield of plant extract varied between 1.56 and 6.7%. Kinetics of growth of the 3 pathogens cultivable in liquid medium was determined before testing the impact of plant extracts and essential oils. Methanolic and chloroform plant extracts (EM1, EM2, EC1 and EC2) and essential oils (EO1, EO2) were compared for their antifungal potential. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts was analyzed by GC/MS. Yield of essential oil varied between 0.7 and 1.2%. Therefore, antifungal activity of plant extracts and essential oils was evaluated using ELISA microplates with a blocked randomized design, as described previously (Parisi et al., 2013). The results obtained showed that EM2 at 7 mg/ml has a very high fungistatic activity against Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum and Penicillium italicum. It was characterized with a high amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins. Statistical analysis showed that the efficiency of methanol extracts significantly differed from those of the chloroform extracts. In addition, essential oils significantly reduced spores germination in a dose-dependent manner. Their fungistatic activity reached 100% at 6000 ppm. In conclusion, this work allowed us to open new perspectives on the application of extremophile plant extracts as novel biocontrol strategy against plant pathogens.
Disciplines :
Biotechnology
Author, co-author :
Ben Kaab, Sofiène  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology laboratory, Gembloux, Belgium
Parisi, Olivier ;  Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Phytopathologie
De Clerck, Caroline  ;  Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Phytopathologie
ksouri, riadh;  Biotechnology Center at the Technopole of Borj-Cedria Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia > Laboratory Aromatic and medicinal plants,
Jijakli, Haissam  ;  Université de Liège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Phytopathologie
Language :
English
Title :
Extremophile plants as source of biopesticides against European damageable plant pathogens
Publication date :
14 September 2016
Event name :
XIV Meeting of the IOBC-WPRS Working Group Biological Control of Fungal and Bacterial Plant Pathogens
Event place :
Berlin, Germany
Event date :
du 12 septembre 2016 au 15 septembre 2016
Audience :
International
Available on ORBi :
since 21 September 2016

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