comets: individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko; comets: general
Abstract :
[en] On 19 Feb. 2016 nine Rosetta instruments serendipitously observed an outburst of gas and dust from the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Among these instruments were cameras and spectrometers ranging from UV over visible to microwave wavelengths, in-situ gas, dust and plasma instruments, and one dust collector. At 9:40 a dust cloud developed at the edge of an image in the shadowed region of the nucleus. Over the next two hours the instruments recorded a signature of the outburst that significantly exceeded the background. The enhancement ranged from 50% of the neutral gas density at Rosetta to factors >100 of the brightness of the coma near the nucleus. Dust related phenomena (dust counts or brightness due to illuminated dust) showed the strongest enhancements (factors >10). However, even the electron density at Rosetta increased by a factor 3 and consequently the spacecraft potential changed from ˜-16 V to -20 V during the outburst. A clear sequence of events was observed at the distance of Rosetta (34 km from the nucleus): within 15 minutes the Star Tracker camera detected fast particles (˜25 m s[SUP]-1[/SUP]) while 100 μm radius particles were detected by the GIADA dust instrument ˜1 hour later at a speed of ~6 m s[SUP]-1[/SUP]. The slowest were individual mm to cm sized grains observed by the OSIRIS cameras. Although the outburst originated just outside the FOV of the instruments, the source region and the magnitude of the outburst could be determined.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Grün, E.; Max-Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69127 Heidelberg, Germany ; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Dr, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
Lee, S.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Mannel, T.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria
Morales, E.; Jaicoa Observatory, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, U.S.A.
Mousis, O.; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France
Muller, M; Université de Liège > Département des sciences de la vie > GIGA-R : Biologie et génétique moléculaire
Opitom, Cyrielle ; Université de Liège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Origines Cosmologiques et Astrophysiques (OrCa)
Rotundi, A.; IAPS/INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, 00133, Italy ; Dip. di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, CDN IC4, I-80143 Naples, Italy
Schmied, R.; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstraße 6, 8042 Graz, Austria ; Institute of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
Schmidt, F.; Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Kührt, E.; Institute of Planetary Research, DLR, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
Küppers, M.; European Space Agency (ESA), Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain
Lamy, Philippe L.; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326 CNRS & Aix-Marseille Université, 38 rue Fédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13, France.
Lara, L. M.; Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomia, 18008 Granada, Spain
Lazzarin, M.; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
Lòpez-Moreno, J. J.; Instituto de Astrofìsica de Andalucìa (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomìa s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
Manfroid, Jean ; Université de Liège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Epifani, E. Mazzotta; INAF-OAR, Via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), 00078, Italy
Marzari, F.; Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, Vic. Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
Naletto, G.; Centro di Ateneo di Studi ed Attivitá Spaziali "Giuseppe Colombo" (CISAS), University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy ; Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
Palumbo, P.; IAPS/INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, 00133, Italy ; Dip. di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, CDN IC4, I-80143 Naples, Italy
Parker, J. Wm; Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
Rickman, H.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden ; PAS Space Research Center, Bartycka 18A, 00716 Warszawa, Poland
Rodrigo, R.; European Space Agency (ESA), Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain ; International Space Science Institute, Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Rodrìguez, J.; Instituto de Astrofìsica de Andalucìa (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomìa s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
Schindhelm, E.; Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
Weaver, H. A.; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD
Weissman, P.; Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
Zakharov, V. V.; LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France ; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France
Taylor, M. G. G. T.; European Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, NL 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands)
A'Hearn M. F., Schleicher D. G., Millis R. L., Feldman P. D., Thompson D. T., 1984, AJ, 89, 579
Balsiger H. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 745
Bentley M. S. et al., 2016, Nature, 537, 73
Bieler A. et al., 2015, AandA, 583, A7
Boehnhardt H. et al., 2016, MNRAS, in press
Buemi M., Landi A., Procopio D., 2000, ESA Spec. Publ., 425, 279
Burch J. L., Goldstein R., Cravens T. E.,GibsonW. C., Lundin R. N., Pollock C. J., Winningham J. D., Young D. T., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 697
Carr C. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 629
Colangeli L. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 803
Della Corte V. et al., 2014, J. Astron. Instrum., 03, 1350011
Della Corte V. et al., 2015, AandA, 583, A13
Della Corte V. et al., 2016a, Acta Astron., 126, 205
Della Corte V. et al., 2016b, MNRAS, in press
Eriksson A. I. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 729
Feaga L. M. et al., 2015, AandA, 583, A27
Feldman P. D. et al., 2015, AandA, 583, A8
Ferrari M., Della Corte V., Rotundi A., Rietmeijer F. J. M., 2014, Planet. Space Sci., 101, 53
Fulle M. et al., 2015, ApJ, 802, L12
Fulle M., Altobelli N., Buratti B., Choukroun M., Fulchignoni M., Grün E., Taylor M. G. G. T., Weissman P., 2016, MNRAS, 462, S2
Geiger B., Barthelemy, 2016, ROSETTA ORBITER NAVCAM EXT1-MTP026, RO-C-NAVCAM-2-EXT1-MTP026-V1.0, ESA Planetary Science Archive and NASA Planetary Data System
Glassmeier K.-H., Boehnhardt H., Koschny D., Kührt E., Richter I., 2007a, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 1
Glassmeier K.-H. et al., 2007b, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 649
Gulkis S. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 561
Hässig M. et al., 2015, Science, 347, aaa0276
Jehin E. et al., 2011, The Messenger, 145, 2
Keller H. U. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 433
Marcus J. N., 2007, International Comet Quarterly, 29, 39
Mousis O. et al., 2015, ApJ, 814, L5
Müller M., 1998, ESOC Report RO-ESC-TA-5501.
Opitom C., Jehin E., Manfroid J., Hutseḿekers D., Gillon M., Magain P., 2015, AandA, 584, A121
Riedler W. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 869
Rotundi A. et al., 2015, Science, 347, aaa3905
Schleicher D. G., Millis R. L., Birch P. V., 1998, Icarus, 132, 397
Sierks H. et al., 2015, Science, 347, aaa1044
Stern S. A. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 507
Stern S. A. et al., 2015, Icarus, 256, 117
Trotignon J. G. et al., 2007, Space Sci. Rev., 128, 713
