[en] This study has been conducted in order to define the guidelines of a permanent forest inventory methodology that could applied to heterogenous forests located in the southern part of Belgium. Different types of sampling units generally used in European national inventories have been compared: fixed area sampling units (based upon 3 concentric circles), non fixed-area sampling units (Bitterlich plots using basal area factor of 2 and 4) and sampling units based upon a minimum number of trees (including nearly 15 measurable trees). In true conditions of application 259 sampling points have been selected according to a systematic rectangular grid (1.000 m x 500 m). Taking into account different criteria such as precision, cost and ease of use, the fixed-area sampling unit looks like the most adequate among the four types investigated. [fr] L'étude a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une recherche destinée à mettre au point une méthodologie d'inventaire forestier permanent adaptée aux forêts hétérogènes rencontrées dans la partie sud de la Belgique. Elle a porté sur la comparaison de différents types d'unités d'échantillonnage utilisés par les principaux inventaires nationaux européens : triple placette concentrique à surface définie, placettes à surface non définie basées sur des facteurs de surface terrière égaux à 2 et à 4, et placette à nombre de bois minimum (environ 15). Nous avons testé ces unités dans les conditions réelles d'utilisation au sein d'une zone pilote comportant 259 points de sondage répartis selon une grille à maille rectangulaire de 1.000 m x 500 m. Si l'on prend en considération différents critères liés à la précision, au coût, à la facilité d'emploi, à la précision des instruments de mesure, l'unité d'échantillonnage définie par trois placettes concentriques apparaît comme la plus intéressante.
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