Abstract :
[en] This Chapter aims at delineating a proper ethical and legal response to the ‘dual-use dilemma’ of nuclear science and technologies. After assessing the different models of governance proposed so far for addressing the ‘dual-use’ feature of nuclear technologies, and based on precautionary, proactionary and cost/benefit approaches, it develops a framework based on the notion of ‘responsible stewardship’.
This framework is based on a comprehensive analysis – through the involvement and cooperation, as much as possible, of all the stakeholders in the field – of both the advantages and the risks of the nuclear area, considering social, ethical, legal, environmental and political values. The policies then adopted are periodically and constantly revised (according to a ‘step by step’ principle) and based on the proportional balance of interests, values and rights at stake. A multilevel framework of sources and actors is involved in such a responsible process. A specific attention is devoted to the balance between the freedom to research and the security needs at the individual and at the State level, in particular focusing on Article IV of the Treaty of Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
Concrete ways for applying such model are explained, in particular with regard to the control of materials, education of people, and control of information. Finally, the historical steps in the governance of nuclear technologies are explored and some examples provided for the suggested approach.
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