Ocean acidification; Mediterranean Sea; Pelagic mesocosm; Plankton community; Oligotrophic area
Abstract :
[en] There is a growing international interest in studying the effects of ocean acidification on plankton communities that play a major role in the global carbon cycle and in the consumption of atmospheric CO2 via the so-called biological pump. Recently, several mesocosm experiments reported on the effect of ocean acidification on marine plankton communities, although the majority were performed in eutro- phic conditions or following nutrient addition. The objective of the present study was to perform two mesocosm experiments in the oligo- to meso-trophic Northwestern Mediterranean Sea during two seasons with contrasting environmental conditions: in summer 2012 in the Bay of Calvi (Corsica, France) and in winter 2013 in the Bay of Villefranche (France). This paper describes the objectives of these ex- periments, the study sites, the experimental set-up and the environmental and experimental conditions during the two experiments. The 20-day experiment in the Bay of Calvi was undoubtedly representative of summer conditions in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea with low nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations, warm waters and high surface solar irradiance. In contrast, the winter experiment, which was reduced to 12 days because of bad weather conditions, failed to reproduce the mesotrophic con- ditions typical of the wintertime in this area. Indeed, a rapid increase in phytoplankton biomass during the acidification phase led to a strong decrease in nitrate concentrations and an unrealistic N and P co- limitation at this period of the year. An overview of the 11 other papers related to this study and pub- lished in this special issue is provided.
Research center :
STARESO FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
Bay, D., A field-study of the growth dynamics and productivity of Posidonia oceanica (L) Delile in Calvi Bay, Corsica. Aquat. Bot. 20 (1984), 43–64.
Bethoux, J.P., Gentili, B., Morin, P., Nicolas, E., Pierre, C., Ruiz-Pino, D., The Mediterranean Sea: a miniature ocean for climatic and environmental studies and a key for the climatic functioning of the North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr. 44 (1999), 131–146.
Bonilla-Findji, O., Gattuso, J.P., Pizay, M.D., Weinbauer, M.G., Autotrophic and heterotrophic metabolism of microbial planktonic communities in an oligotrophic coastal marine ecosystem: seasonal dynamics and episodic events. Biogeosciences 7 (2010), 3491–3503.
Bosc, E., Bricaud, A., Antoine, D., Seasonal and interannual variability in algal biomass and primary production in the Mediterranean Sea, as derived from 4 years of SeaWiFS observations. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, 2004.
Bourdin, G., Gazeau, F., Kerros, M.-E., Marro, S., Pedrotti, M.-L., Dynamics of transparent exopolymeric particles and their precursors during a mesocosm experiment: impact of ocean acidification. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 112–124, 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.02.007.
Bustillos-Guzmán, J., Claustre, H., Marty, J.C., Specific phytoplankton signatures and their relationship to hydrographic conditions in the coastal Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 124 (1995), 247–258.
Celussi, M., Malfatti, F., Franzo, A., Gazeau, F., Giannakourou, A., Pitta, P., Tsiola, A., Del Negro, P., Ocean acidification effect on prokaryotic metabolism tested in two diverse trophic regimes in the Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 125–138, 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.08.015.
Champenois, W., Borges, A.V., Seasonal and interannual variations of community metabolism rates of a Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadow. Limnol. Oceanogr. 57 (2012), 347–361.
Ciais, P., Sabine, C., Bala, G., Bopp, L., Brovkin, V., Canadell, J., Chhabra, A., DeFries, R., Galloway, J., Heimann, M., Jones, C., Le Quéré, C., Myneni, R.B., Piao, S., Thornton, P., Carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., Midgley, P.M., (eds.) Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
CIESM, Impacts of Acidification on Biological, Chemical and Physical Systems in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. 2008 Menton (France).
Czerny, J., Schulz, K.G., Krug, S.A., Ludwig, A., Riebesell, U., Technical Note: the determination of enclosed water volume in large flexible-wall mesocosms “KOSMOS”. Biogeosciences 10 (2013), 1937–1941.
Czerny, J., Schulz, K.G., Ludwig, A., Riebesell, U., Technical Note: a simple method for air-sea gas exchange measurements in mesocosms and its application in carbon budgeting. Biogeosciences 10 (2013), 1379–1390.
D'Ortenzio, F., Ribera d'Alcalà, M., On the trophic regimes of the Mediterranean Sea: a satellite analysis. Biogeosciences 6 (2009), 139–148.
Delille, B., Harlay, J., Zondervan, I., Jacquet, S., Chou, L., Wollast, R., Bellerby, R.G.J., Frankignoulle, M., Borges, A.V., Riebesell, U., Gattuso, J.P., Response of primary production and calcification to changes of pCO2 during experimental blooms of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, 2005.
Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L., Christian, J.R., Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements, vol. 3, 2007, PICES Special Publication, 191.
Engel, A., Piontek, J., Grossart, H.P., Riebesell, U., Schulz, K.G., Sperling, M., Impact of CO2 enrichment on organic matter dynamics during nutrient induced coastal phytoplankton blooms. J. Plankton Res. 36 (2014), 641–657.
Engel, A., Zondervan, I., Aerts, K., Beaufort, L., Benthien, A., Chou, L., Delille, B., Gattuso, J.P., Harlay, J., Heemann, C., Hoffmann, L., Jacquet, S., Nejstgaard, J., Pizay, M.D., Rochelle-Newall, E., Schneider, U., Terbrueggen, A., Riebesell, U., Testing the direct effect of CO2 concentration on a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi in mesocosm experiments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50 (2005), 493–507.
Garcia-Comas, C., Stemmann, L., Ibanez, F., Berline, L., Mazzocchi, M.G., Gasparini, S., Picheral, M., Gorsky, G., Zooplankton long-term changes in the NW Mediterranean Sea: decadal periodicity forced by winter hydrographic conditions related to large-scale atmospheric changes?. J. Mar. Syst. 87 (2011), 216–226.
Gazeau, F., Sallon, A., Pitta, P., Pedrotti, M.-L., Marro, S., Guieu, C., Limited impact of ocean acidification on phytoplankton community structure in an oligotrophic environment: results from two mesocosm studies in the Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 72–88.
Gobert, S., Variations spatiale et temporelle de l'herbier à Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile (Baie de La Revellata-Calvi-Corse). 2002, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique, 207 http://hdl.handle.net/2268/62892.
Gobert, S., Chéry, A., Volpon, A., Pelaprat, C., Lejeune, P., The seascape as an indicator of environmental interest and quality of the Mediterranean benthos: the in situ development of a description index: the LIMA. Musard, O., (eds.) Underwater Seascape, Switzerland, 2014, Springer International, 273–287 http://hdl.handle.net/2268/162104.
Gobert, S., Kyramarios, M., Lepoint, G., Pergent-Martini, C., Bouquegneau, J.M., Variations at different spatial scales of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile beds: effects on the physico-chemical parameters of the sediment. Oceanol. Acta 26 (2003), 199–207.
Goffart, A., Hecq, J.H., Legendre, L., Changes in the development of the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom in the Bay of Calvi (NW Mediterranean) over the last two decades: a response to changing climate?. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 236 (2002), 45–60.
Grossart, H.P., Allgaier, M., Passow, U., Riebesell, U., Testing the effect of CO2 concentration on the dynamics of marine heterotrophic bacterioplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51 (2006), 1–11.
Guieu, C., Dulac, F., Ridame, C., Pondaven, P., Introduction to project DUNE, a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient, low chlorophyll Ecosystem. Biogeosciences 11 (2014), 425–442.
Hall-Spencer, J.M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S.M., Rowley, S.J., Tedesco, D., Buia, M.C., Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature 454 (2008), 96–99.
Hare, C.E., Leblanc, K., DiTullio, G.R., Kudela, R.M., Zhang, Y., Lee, P.A., Riseman, S., Hutchins, D.A., Consequences of increased temperature and CO2 for phytoplankton community structure in the Bering Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 352 (2007), 9–16.
Holmes, R.M., Aminot, A., Kérouel, R., Hooker, B.A., Peterson, B.J., A simple and precise method for measuring ammonium in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Can. J. Fish. Aqua. Sci. 56 (1999), 1801–1808.
Kim, J.H., Kim, K.Y., Kang, E.J., Lee, K., Kim, J.M., Park, K.T., Shin, K., Hyun, B., Jeong, H.J., Enhancement of photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency by phytoplankton in the future coastal ocean. Biogeosciences 10 (2013), 7525–7535.
Kim, J.M., Lee, K., Shin, K., Kang, J.H., Lee, H.W., Kim, M., Jang, P.G., Jang, M.C., The effect of seawater CO2 concentration on growth of a natural phytoplankton assemblage in a controlled mesocosm experiment. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51 (2006), 1629–1636.
Kim, J.M., Lee, K., Shin, K., Yang, E.J., Engel, A., Karl, D.M., Kim, H.C., Shifts in biogenic carbon flow from particulate to dissolved forms under high carbon dioxide and warm ocean conditions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, 2011.
Kim, J.M., Shin, K., Lee, K., Park, B.K., In situ ecosystem-based carbon dioxide perturbation experiments: design and performance evaluation of a mesocosm facility. Limnol. Oceanogr.Methods 6 (2008), 208–217.
Kroeker, K.J., Kordas, R.L., Crim, R., Hendriks, I.E., Ramajo, L., Singh, G.S., Duarte, C.M., Gattuso, J.P., Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming. Glob. Change Biol. 19 (2013), 1884–1896.
Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.P., Andres, R.J., Andrew, R.M., Boden, T.A., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P., Houghton, R.A., Marland, G., Moriarty, R., Sitch, S., Tans, P., Arneth, A., Arvanitis, A., Bakker, D.C.E., Bopp, L., Canadell, J.G., Chini, L.P., Doney, S.C., Harper, A., Harris, I., House, J.I., Jain, A.K., Jones, S.D., Kato, E., Keeling, R.F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Körtzinger, A., Koven, C., Lefèvre, N., Maignan, F., Omar, A., Ono, T., Park, G.H., Pfeil, B., Poulter, B., Raupach, M.R., Regnier, P., Rödenbeck, C., Saito, S., Schwinger, J., Segschneider, J., Stocker, B.D., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., van Heuven, S., Viovy, N., Wanninkhof, R., Wiltshire, A., Zaehle, S., Global carbon budget 2013. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 6 (2014), 235–263.
Lepoint, G., Millet, S., Dauby, P., Gobert, S., Bouquegneau, J.M., Annual nitrogen budget of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica as determined by in situ uptake experiments. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 237 (2002), 87–96.
Longhurst, A., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T., Caverhill, C., An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data. J. Plankton Res. 17 (1995), 1245–1271.
Louis, J., Guieu, C., Gazeau, F., Nutrient dynamics under different ocean acidification scenarios in a low nutrient low chlorophyll system: the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 30–44, 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.015.
Maugendre, L., Gattuso, J.-P., de Kluijver, A., Soetaert, K., van Oevelen, D., Middelburg, J.J., Gazeau, F., Carbon-13 labelling shows no effect of ocean acidification on carbon transfer in Mediterranean plankton communities. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 100–111, 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.018.
Maugendre, L., Gattuso, J.-P., Guieu, C., Gazeau, F., Impacts of ocean acidification on plankton communities, a synthesis of MedSeA mesocosm experiments and a meta-analysis. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 2016 (in preparation).
Maugendre, L., Gattuso, J.-P., Poulton, A.J., Dellisanti, W., Gaubert, M., Guieu, C., Gazeau, F., No detectable effect of ocean acidification on plankton metabolism in the NW oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: results from two mesocosm studies. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 89–99, 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.03.009.
Nival, P., Corre, M.C., Annual variation of surface hydrology in Bay of Villefranche-sur-mer. Ann. De. L'Institut Océanogr. 52 (1976), 57–78.
Oviedo, A., Ziveri, P., Gazeau, F., Coccolithophore community response to increasing pCO2 in Mediterranean oligotrophic waters. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 58–71, 10.1016/j.ecss.2015.12.007.
Paul, A.J., Bach, L.T., Schulz, K.G., Boxhammer, T., Czerny, J., Achterberg, E.P., Hellemann, D., Trense, Y., Nausch, M., Sswat, M., Riebesell, U., Effect of elevated CO2 on organic matter pools and fluxes in a summer Baltic Sea plankton community. Biogeosciences 12 (2015), 6181–6203.
Polovina, J.J., Howell, E.A., Abecassis, M., Ocean's least productive waters are expanding. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 2008.
Ras, J., Claustre, H., Uitz, J., Spatial variability of phytoplankton pigment distributions in the Subtropical South Pacific Ocean: comparison between in situ and predicted data. Biogeosciences 5 (2008), 353–369.
Rees, A.P., Turk-Kubo, K., Al-Moosawi, L., Alliouane, S., Gazeau, F., Hogan, M., Zehr, J.P., Ocean acidification impacts on nitrogen fixation in the coastal western Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 45–57, 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.020.
Richir, J., Gobert, S., A reassessment of the use of Posidonia oceanica and Mytilus galloprovincialis to biomonitor the coastal pollution of trace elements: new tools and tips. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 89 (2014), 390–406.
Riebesell, U., Bellerby, R.G.J., Grossart, H.P., Thingstad, F., Mesocosm CO2 perturbation studies: from organism to community level. Biogeosciences 5 (2008), 1157–1164.
Riebesell, U., Czerny, J., von Brockel, K., Boxhammer, T., Budenbender, J., Deckelnick, M., Fischer, M., Hoffmann, D., Krug, S.A., Lentz, U., Ludwig, A., Muche, R., Schulz, K.G., Technical Note: A mobile sea-going mesocosm system - new opportunities for ocean change research. Biogeosciences 10 (2013), 1835–1847.
Riebesell, U., Gattuso, J.P., Thingstad, T.F., Middelburg, J.J., Arctic ocean acidification: pelagic ecosystem and biogeochemical responses during a mesocosm study. Pref. Biogeosci. 10 (2013), 5619–5626.
Riebesell, U., Schulz, K.G., Bellerby, R.G.J., Botros, M., Fritsche, P., Meyerhofer, M., Neill, C., Nondal, G., Oschlies, A., Wohlers, J., Zollner, E., Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2 ocean. Nature, 450, 2007 545–U510.
Riebesell, U., Tortell, P.D., Effects of ocean acidification on pelagic organisms and ecosystems. Gattuso, J.-P., Hansson, L., (eds.) Ocean Acidification, 2011, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 99–121.
Schwier, A.N., Rose, C., Asmi, E., Ebling, A.M., Landing, W.M., Marro, S., Pedrotti, M.L., Sallon, A., Iuculano, F., Agusti, S., Tsiola, A., Pitta, P., Louis, J., Guieu, C., Gazeau, F., Sellegri, K., Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll a from a mesocosm study. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15 (2015), 7961–7976.
Sheldon, R.W., Rassoulzadegan, F., Azam, F., Berman, T., Bezanson, D.S., Bianchi, M., Bonin, D., Hagstrom, A., Lavalpeuto, M., Neveux, J., Raimbault, P., Rivier, A., Sherr, B., Sherr, E., Vanwambeke, F., Wikner, J., Wood, A.M., Yentsch, C.M., Nanoplankton and picoplankton growth and production in the bay of Villefranche-sur-mer (NW Mediterranean). Hydrobiologia 241 (1992), 91–106.
Skliris, N., Elkalay, K., Goffart, A., Frangoulis, C., Hecq, J.H., One-dimensional modelling of the plankton ecosystem of the north-western Corsican coastal area in relation to meteorological constraints. J. Mar. Syst. 27 (2001), 337–362.
Stewart, R.I.A., Dossena, M., Bohan, D.A., Jeppesen, E., Kordas, R.L., Ledger, M.E., Meerhoff, M., Moss, B., Mulder, C., Shurin, J.B., Suttle, B., Thompson, R., Trimmer, M., Woodward, G., Mesocosm experiments as a tool for ecological climate-change research. Woodward, G., Ogorman, E.J., (eds.) Advances in Ecological Research: Global Change in Multispecies Systems, 2013, 71–181 Pt 3.
Taillandier, V., D'Ortenzio, F., Antoine, D., Carbon fluxes in the mixed layer of the Mediterranean Sea in the 1980s and the 2000s. Deep-Sea Res. Part Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 65 (2012), 73–84.
The Mermex group, Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean. Prog. Oceanogr. 91 (2011), 97–166.
Tsiola, A., Pitta, P., Giannakourou, A., Bourdin, G., Marro, S., Maugendre, L., Pedrotti, M.-L., Gazeau, F., Ocean acidification and viral replication cycles: frequency of lytically infected and lysogenic cells during a mesocosm experiment in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 186 (2017), 139–151, 10.1016/j.ecss.2016.05.003.
Upstill-Goddard, R.C., Rees, A.P., Owens, N.J.P., Simultaneous high-precision measurements of methane and nitrous oxide in water and seawater by single phase equilibration gas chromatography. Deep-Sea Res. Part Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 43 (1996), 1669–1682.
Vandromme, P., Stemmann, L., Berline, L., Gasparini, S., Mousseau, L., Prejger, F., Passafiume, O., Guarini, J.M., Gorsky, G., Inter-annual fluctuations of zooplankton communities in the Bay of Villefranche-sur-mer from 1995 to 2005 (Northern Ligurian Sea, France). Biogeosciences 8 (2011), 3143–3158.
Wanninkhof, R., Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 97 (1992), 7373–7382.
Weiss, R.F., Determinations of carbon-dioxide and methane by dual catalyst flame ionization chromatography and nitrous-oxide by electron-capture chromatography. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 19 (1981), 611–616.
Weiss, R.F., Price, B.A., Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Mar. Chem. 8 (1980), 347–359.
Zervoudaki, S., Krasakopoulou, E., Moutsopoulos, T., Protopapa, M., Marro, S., Gazeau, F., Copepod response to ocean acidification in a low nutrient-low chlorophyll environment in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 2016 (submitted).
