Social entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurial team; Hybridity; Institutional logics
Abstract :
[en] This chapter examines the composition of teams involved in social entrepreneurship and more particularly their heterogeneity in terms of “institutional logics”. It proposes that when social welfare and market logics are integrated within founding teams, such hybridity is likely to infuse the whole entrepreneurial process to ultimately lead to the creation of a social enterprise as a “hybrid” organization. To theorize this process, a model is proposed that examines the implications of entrepreneurial team heterogeneity in social entrepreneurship. It makes clear that complexity and dynamism, in particular with regard to individuals’ social network structure, as well as interactions between team members, are necessary to understand the impact of team composition on the entrepreneurial process. An illustrative case study is presented to demonstrate the practical relevance of the model.
Research Center/Unit :
CES - Centre d'Économie Sociale - ULiège
Disciplines :
General management, entrepreneurship & organizational theory Social economics Strategy & innovation
Author, co-author :
Dufays, Frédéric ; Université de Liège > HEC-Ecole de gestion : UER > Management en économie sociale
Huybrechts, Benjamin ; Université de Liège > HEC-Ecole de gestion : UER > Management en économie sociale
Language :
English
Title :
Entrepreneurial teams in social entrepreneurship: When team heterogeneity facilitates organizational hybridity
Publication date :
2017
Main work title :
Research handbook on entrepreneurial teams: Theory and practice
Editor :
Ben-Hafaïedh, Cyrine
Cooney, Thomas
Publisher :
Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
ISBN/EAN :
978-178471-319-5
Pages :
273-287
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Name of the research project :
IAP-SOCENT
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique BELSPO - SPP Politique scientifique - Service Public Fédéral de Programmation Politique scientifique
Almandoz, J. (2012), 'Arriving at the starting line: The impact of community and financial logics on new banking ventures', Academy of Management Journal, 55 (6), 1381-406.
Battilana, J. and M. Lee (2014), 'Advancing research on hybrid organizing-Insights from the study of social enterprises', The Academy of Management Annals, 8 (1), 397-441.
Beckman, C.M. (2006), 'The influence of founding team company affiliations on firm behavior', Academy of Management Journal, 49 (4), 741-58.
Beckman, C.M., M.D. Burton and C. O'Reilly (2007), 'Early teams: The impact of team demography on VC financing and going public', Journal of Business Venturing, 22 (2), 147-73.
Ben Hafaïedh-Dridi, C. (2010), 'Entrepreneurial team formation: Any rationality?', Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 30 (10), accessed 22 March 2013 at http://digitalknowledge.babson.edu/fer/vol30/iss10/1.
Ben Hafaïedh, C. (2014), 'Entrepreneurial team formation: Taking into consideration the mutuality of the decision-making process', paper presented at RENT XXVIII conference-Research in Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Luxemburg, 19-21 November, 2014.
Berger, P. and T. Luckmann (1966 [1991]), The Social Construction of Reality. A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge, New York: Penguin Books.
Breiger, R.L. and J.W. Mohr (2004), 'Institutional logics from the aggregation of organizational networks: Operational procedures for the analysis of counted data', Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory, 10 (1), 17-43.
Bukowski, W.M., M. Brendgen and F. Vitaro (2007), 'Peers and socialization: Effects on externalizing and internalizing problems', in J.E. Grusec and P.D. Hastings (eds), Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research, New York: The Guilford Press, pp. 355-81.
Burt, R.S. (2004), 'Structural holes and good ideas', American Journal of Sociology, 110 (2), 349-99.
Condor, R. and D. Chabaud (2012), 'La formation de l'équipe entrepreneuriale autour du projet de création d'entreprise: Constats et enjeux' [Entrepreneurial team formation round the enterprise creation project: Acknowledgments and challenges], Revue de l'Entrepreneuriat, 11 (2), 31-52.
Cooney, T.M. (2005), 'Editorial: What is an entrepreneurial team?', International Small Business Journal, 23 (3), 226-35.
Corner, P.D. and M. Ho (2010), 'How opportunities develop in social entrepreneurship', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34 (4), 635-59.
Defourny, J. and P. Develtere (1999), 'The social economy: The worldwide making of a third sector', in J. Defourny, P. Develtere and B. Fonteneau (eds), L'économie sociale au Nord et au Sud, Bruxelles: De Boeck, pp. 25-56.
Degenne, A. and M. Forsé (1999), Introducing Social Networks, translated by Arthur Borges, London: Sage.
Doherty, B., H. Haugh and F. Lyon (2014), 'Social enterprises as hybrid organizations: A review and research agenda', International Journal of Management Reviews, 16 (4), 417-36.
Dufays, F. and B. Huybrechts (2014), 'Connecting the dots for social value: A review on social networks and social entrepreneurship', Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5 (2), 214-37.
Dufays, F. and B. Huybrechts (2016), 'Where do hybrids come from? Entrepreneurial team heterogeneity as an avenue for the emergence of hybrid organizations', International Small Business Journal, 34 (6), 777-96.
Eisenhardt, K.M. and C.B. Schoonhoven (1990), 'Organizational growth: Linking founding team, strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures, 1978-1988', Administrative Science Quarterly, 35 (3), 504-29.
Ensley, M.D. and C.L. Pearce (2001), 'Shared cognition in top management teams: Implications for new venture performance', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22 (2), 145-60.
Forbes, D.P., P.S. Borchert, M.E. Zellmer-Bruhn and H.J. Sapienza (2006), 'Entrepreneurial team formation: An exploration of new member addition', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30 (2), 225-48.
Fowler, A. (2000), 'NGDOs as a moment in history: Beyond aid to social entrepreneurship or civic innovation', Third World Quarterly, 21 (4), 637-54.
Friedland, R. and R.R. Alford (1991), 'Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions', in W.W. Powell and P.J. DiMaggio (eds), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 232-63.
Germak, A.J. and J.A. Robinson (2013), 'Exploring the motivation of nascent social entrepreneurs', Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 5 (1), 5-21.
Giddens, A. (1984), The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration, Oxford: Polity Press.
Granovetter, M. (1985), 'Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness', American Journal of Sociology, 91 (3), 481-510.
Granovetter, M. (2005), 'The impact of social structure on economic outcomes', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (1), 35-50.
Greenwood, R. and R. Suddaby (2006), 'Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The Big Five accounting firms', Academy of Management Journal, 49 (1), 27-48.
Greenwood, R., M. Raynard and F. Kodeih et al. (2011), 'Institutional complexity and organizational responses', Academy of Management Annals, 5 (1), 317-71.
Haugh, H. (2007), 'Community-led social venture creation', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31 (2), 161-82.
Hoang, H. and B. Antoncic (2003), 'Network-based research in entrepreneurship: A critical review', Journal of Business Venturing, 18 (2), 165-87.
Hoang, H. and J. Gimeno (2010), 'Becoming a founder: How founder role identity affects entrepreneurial transitions and persistence in founding', Journal of Business Venturing, 25 (1), 41-53.
Humphrey, S.E. and F. Aime (2014), 'Team microdynamics: Toward an organizing approach to teamwork', Academy of Management Annals, 8 (1), 443-503.
Huybrechts, B., S. Mertens and J. Rijpens (2014), 'Explaining stakeholder involvement in social enterprise governance through resources and legitimacy', in J. Defourny, L. Hulgård and V. Pestoff (eds), Social Enterprise and the Third Sector: Changing European Landscapes in a Comparative Perspective, New York: Routledge, pp. 157-76.
Johnson, V. (2007), 'What is organizational imprinting? Cultural entrepreneurship in the founding of the Paris Opera', American Journal of Sociology, 113 (1), 97-127.
Klotz, A.C., K.M. Hmieleski, B.H. Bradley and L.W. Busenitz (2014), 'New venture teams: A review of the literature and roadmap for future research', Journal of Management, 40 (1), 226-55.
Lechler, T. (2001), 'Social interaction: A determinant of entrepreneurial team venture success', Small Business Economics, 16 (4), 263-78.
Lee, M. (2014), 'Mission and markets? The viability of hybrid social ventures', paper, accessed 28 January 2014 at http://www.rotman.utoronto.ca/-/media/Files/Programsand-Areas/Strategy/papers/The%20Viability%20of%20Hybrid%20Social%20Ventures_Matthew%20Lee.pdf.
Lee, M. and J. Battilana (2013), 'How the zebra got its stripes: Imprinting of individuals and hybrid social ventures', Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 14-005, accessed 9 September 2013 at http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/download.aspx?name=14-005.pdf.
Mangen, C. and M. Brivot (2015), 'The challenge of sustaining organizational hybridity: The role of power and agency', Human Relations, 68 (4), 659-84.
Marquis, C. and M. Lounsbury (2007), 'Vive la résistance: Competing logics and the consolidation of U.S. community banking', Academy of Management Journal, 50 (4), 799-820.
McPherson, M., L. Smith-Lovin and J.M. Cook (2001), 'Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks', Annual Review of Sociology, 27 (1), 415-44.
Meyer, J.W. and B. Rowan (1977), 'Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony', American Journal of Sociology, 83 (2), 340-63.
Mohr, J.W. and H.C. White (2008), 'How to model an institution', Theory and Society, 37 (5), 485-512.
Morrison, E.W. (2002), 'Newcomers' relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization', Academy of Management Journal, 45 (6), 1149-160.
Nelson, T. (2003), 'The persistence of founder influence: Management, ownership, and performance effects at initial public offering', Strategic Management Journal, 24 (8), 707-24.
Obstfeld, D. (2005), 'Social networks, the Tertius Iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation', Administrative Science Quarterly, 50 (1), 100-30.
Oliver, C. (1991), 'Strategic responses to institutional processes', Academy of Management Review, 16 (1), 145-79.
Pache, A.-C. and I. Chowdhury (2012), 'Social entrepreneurs as institutionally embedded entrepreneurs: Toward a new model of social entrepreneurship education', Academy of Management Learning & Education, 11 (3), 494-510.
Pache, A.-C. and F. Santos (2010), 'When worlds collide: The internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands', Academy of Management Review, 35 (3), 455-76.
Pache, A.-C. and F. Santos (2013), 'Embedded in hybrid contexts: How individuals in organizations respond to competing institutional logics', in M. Lounsbury and E. Boxenbaum (eds), Institutional Logics in Action, Part B, Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 3-35.
Powell, W.W. and J.A. Colyvas (2008), 'Microfoundations of institutional theory', in R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, R. Suddaby and K. Sahlin-Andersson (eds), The Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism, London: Sage, pp. 276-98.
Ruef, M., H.E. Aldrich and N.M. Carter (2003), 'The structure of founding teams: Homophily, strong ties, and isolation among U.S. entrepreneurs', American Sociological Review, 68 (2), 195-222.
Schieb-Bienfait, N., B. Charles-Pauvers and C. Urbain (2009), 'Emergence entrepreneuriale et innovation sociale dans l'économie sociale et solidaire: Acteurs, projets et logiques d'action' [Entrepreneurial emergence and social innovation in the social and solidarity economy: Actors, projects and logics of action], Innovations, 2009/2 (30), 13-39.
Shaw, E. and S. Carter (2007), 'Social entrepreneurship: Theoretical antecedents and empirical analysis of entrepreneurial processes and outcomes', Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14 (3), 418-34.
Slotte-Kock, S. and N. Coviello (2010), 'Entrepreneurship research on network processes: A review and ways forward', Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34 (1), 31-57.
Somech, A. (2006), 'The effects of leadership style and team process on performance and innovation in functionally heterogeneous teams', Journal of Management, 32 (1), 132-57.
Spear, R. (2006), 'Social entrepreneurship: A different model?', International Journal of Social Economics, 33 (5/6), 399-410.
Steffens, P., S. Terjesen and P. Davidsson (2012), 'Birds of a feather get lost together: New venture team composition and performance', Small Business Economics, 39 (3), 727-43.
Thornton, P.H. and W. Ocasio (2008), 'Institutional logics', in R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, R. Suddaby and K. Sahlin-Andersson (eds), The Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism, London: Sage, pp. 99-129.
Thornton, P.H., W. Ocasio and M. Lounsbury (2012), 'The institutional logics perspective: A new approach to culture, structure, and process', Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tortoriello, M. and D. Krackhardt (2010), 'Activating cross-boundary knowledge: The role of Simmelian ties in the generation of innovations', Academy of Management Journal, 53 (1), 167-81.
Vigoda-Gadot, E. and D.R. Vashdi (2012), 'Politics in and around teams: Toward a team-level conceptualization of organizational politics', in G.R. Ferris and D.C. Treadway (eds), Politics in Organizations: Theory and Research Considerations, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 287-322.