Food provisioning; Human disturbance; Predation avoidance; Site fidelity; Sleep
Abstract :
[en] the seasonal variation, maximizing daily activities. Overall, predator avoidance and
food efficiency were the main factors influencing the selection of sleeping sites. Our
observations differ from those found in a semiprovisioned group inhabiting the same
Abstract
Sleeping site selection in nonhuman primates may respond to various eco-
logical factors, including predation avoidance, range defense, and foraging efficiency.
We studied the sleeping sites used by a group of northern pigtailed macaques on 124
nights to test these hypotheses. The macaques used 57 different sleeping sites, of which
33 were used only once. They rarely used the same site on consecutive nights. These
selection patterns are consistent with an antipredatory function, but may also be related
to an antipathogenic strategy. Sleeping sites were located principally in the most
heavily used areas of the home range and were generally away from areas of intergroup
encounters. However, some of the most heavily used sleeping sites were in the area
where intergroup encounters occurred, and intergroup encounters at sleeping sites
always showed high levels of agonism, indicating possible intergroup competition over
sleeping sites. On 77 % of nights, the study group selected the sleeping site nearest to
either the last feeding area that day or to the first feeding area used the next morning,
suggesting a foraging efficiency strategy. The mean distances from the sleeping site to
the last and first feeding area were 227 m and 127 m, respectively, suggesting a
multiple central place foraging strategy. The macaques entered sleeping sites a mean
of 27 min before sunset and left 24 min after sunrise, and these times varied in line withstudy site, which used fewer sleeping sites and reused them much more often. This
difference highlights the impact anthropogenic activities may have on sleeping site
selection and the flexibility of sleeping patterns in a single species. Such flexibility may
have helped the tree-to-ground evolutionary transition of sleep habits in primates
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Jose Dominguez, Juan Manuel; University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain > Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology > Laboratory of Anthropology. > 2015-2016
Asensio, Norberto
Garcia Garcia, Carmen J; University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain > Department of Legal Medicine University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain > Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology > Laboratory of Anthropology.
Huynen, Marie-Claude ; Université de Liège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Savini, Tommaso ; Université de Liège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Language :
English
Title :
Exploring the multiple functions of sleeping sites in Northern Pigtail macaques (Macaca leonina)
Alternative titles :
[en] Exploration des diverses fontions des sites dortoirs chez le macaque du Nord (Macaca leonina)
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