Three-dimensional structure in the Mars H corona revealed by IUVS on MAVEN

[en] Loss of water to space via neutral hydrogen escape has been an important process throughout Martian history. Contemporary loss rates can be constrained through observations of the extended neutral hydrogen atmosphere of Mars in scattered sunlight at 121.6 nm. Historically, such observations have been interpreted with coupled density and radiative transfer models, inferring escape fluxes from brightness profiles gathered by flybys, orbiters, and telescope observations. Here we demonstrate that the spherical symmetry assumed by prior analyses cannot reproduce observations by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We present unique observations of the Mars H corona to large radial distances and mapping results from initial MAVEN science at Mars. These observations represent the first detection of three-dimensional structure in the H corona of Mars, with implications for understanding the atmosphere today and the loss of H to space throughout Martian history. © 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Chaffin, M. S.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Chaufray, J. Y.; LATMOS/IPSL, Guyancourt Yvelines/Île-de-France Guyancourt France

Deighan, J.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Schneider, N. M.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Mcclintock, W. E.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Stewart, A. I. F.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Thiemann, E.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Clarke, J. T.; Center for Space Physics Boston University Boston, Massachusetts USA

Holsclaw, G. M.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

Jain, S. K.; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado USA

More authors (6 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Three-dimensional structure in the Mars H corona revealed by IUVS on MAVEN

Publication date :

2015

Journal title :

Geophysical Research Letters

ISSN :

0094-8276

eISSN :

1944-8007

Publisher :

Blackwell Publishing

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 11 January 2016

Statistics

Number of views

52 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

154 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

publications

supporting

mentioning

contrasting

Smart Citations

Citing PublicationsSupportingMentioningContrasting

View Citations

See how this article has been cited at scite.ai

scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.

Bibliography

Anderson, D. E., (1976), The Mariner 5 ultraviolet photometer experiment: Analysis of hydrogen Lyman alpha data, J. Geophys. Res., 81 (7), 1213-1216.
Anderson, D. E., Jr., (1974), Mariner 6, 7, and 9 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Analysis of hydrogen Lyman alpha data, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1513-1518.
Anderson, D. E., Jr., and, C. W. Hord, (1971), Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment: Analysis of hydrogen Lyman-alpha data, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 6666-6673.
Bhattacharyya, D., J. T. Clarke, J.-L. Bertaux, J.-Y. Chaufray, and, M. Mayyasi, (2015), A strong seasonal dependence in the Martian hydrogen exosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, doi: 10.1002/2015GL065804.
Chaffin, M. S., J.-Y. Chaufray, I. Stewart, F. Montmessin, N. M. Schneider, and, J.-L. Bertaux, (2014), Unexpected variability of Martian hydrogen escape, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 314-320, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058578.
Chamberlain, J. W., (1963), Planetary coronae and atmospheric evaporation, Planet. Space Sci., 11, 901-960.
Chaufray, J. Y., J. L. Bertaux, F. Leblanc, and, E. Quémerais, (2008), Observation of the hydrogen corona with SPICAM on Mars Express, Icarus, 195, 598-613.
Chaufray, J.-Y., F. Gonzalez-Galindo, F. Forget, M. Lopez-Valverde, F. Leblanc, R. Modolo, and, S. Hess, (2015), Variability of the hydrogen in the Martian upper atmosphere as simulated by a 3D atmosphere-exosphere coupling, Icarus, 245, 282-294.
Clarke, J. T., J.-L. Bertaux, J. -Y. Chaufray, G. R. Gladstone, E. Quemerais, J. K. Wilson, and, D. Bhattacharyya, (2014), A rapid decrease of the hydrogen corona of Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8013-8020, doi: 10.1002/2014GL061803.
Dostovalov, S. B., and, S. D. Chuvakhin, (1973), On the distribution of neutral hydrogen in the upper atmosphere of Mars, Cosmic Res., 11, 687.
Dubinin, E., K. Sauer, M. Delva, R. Grard, S. Livi, R. Lundin, A. Skalsky, K. Schwingenschuh, K. Szego, and, J.-G. Trotignon, (2000), Multi-instrument study of the upstream region near Mars: The Phobos 2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (A4), 7557-7571.
Feldman, P. D., et al., (2011), Rosetta -Alice observations of exospheric hydrogen and oxygen on Mars, Icarus, 214, 394-399.
Fox, J. L., (2003), Effect of H2 on the Martian ionosphere: Implications for atmospheric evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (A6), 1223, doi: 10.1029/2001JA000203.
Fox, J. L., (2015), The chemistry of protonated species in the Martian ionosphere, Icarus, 252, 366-392.
Holmström, M., (2006), Asymmetries in Mars' exosphere, Space Sci. Rev., 126 (1-4), 435-445.
Jakosky, B. M., et al., (2015), The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission, Space Sci. Rev., doi: 10.1007/s11214-015-0139-x.
Krasnopolsky, V. A., (2002), Mars' upper atmosphere and ionosphere at low, medium, and high solar activities: Implications for evolution of water, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (E12), 5128, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001809.
Lallement, R., J. L. Bertaux, and, F. Dalaudier, (1985), Interplanetary Lyman-alpha spectral profiles and intensities for both repulsive and attractive solar force fields: Predicted absorption pattern by a hydrogen cell, Astron. Astrophys., 150, 21-32.
Levine, J. S., D. S. McDougal, D. E. Anderson, and, E. S. Barker, (1978), Atomic hydrogen on Mars: Measurements at solar minimum, Science, 200 (4345), 1048-1051.
Matta, M., P. Withers, and, M. Mendillo, (2013), The composition of Mars' topside ionosphere: Effects of hydrogen, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 2681-2693, doi: 10.1002/jgra.50104.
McClintock, W. E., N. M. Schneider, G. M. Holsclaw, J. T. Clarke, A. C. Hoskins, I. Stewart, F. Montmessin, R. V. Yelle, and, J. Deighan, (2014), The Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) for the MAVEN mission, Space Sci. Rev., doi: 10.1007/s11214-014-0098-7.
Nair, H., M. Allen, A. D. Anbar, Y. L. Yung, and, R. T. Clancy, (1994), A photochemical model of the Martian atmosphere, Icarus, 111, 124-150.
Quémerais, E., B. R. Sandel, V. V. Izmodenov, and, G. R. Gladstone, (2013), Thirty years of interplanetary background data: A global view, in Cross-Calibration of Far UV Spectra of Solar System Objects and the Heliosphere, edited by, E. Quémerais, M. Snow, and, R.-M. Bonnet, pp. 141-162, Springer, New York.
Snow, M., A. Reberac, E. Quémerais, J. Clarke, W. E. McClintock, and, T. N. Woods, (2013), A new catalog of ultraviolet stellar spectra for calibration, in Cross-Calibration of Far UV Spectra of Solar System Objects and the Heliosphere, edited by, E. Quémerais, M. Snow, and, R.-M. Bonnet, pp. 191-226, Springer, New York.
Thomas, G. E., (1963), Lyman α scattering in the Earth's hydrogen geocorona: 1, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 2639-2660.
Valeille, A., V. Tenishev, S. W. Bougher, M. R. Combi, and, A. F. Nagy, (2009), Three-dimensional study of Mars upper thermosphere/ionosphere and hot oxygen corona: 1. General description and results at equinox for solar low conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 114, E11005, doi: 10.1029/2009JE003388.
Verigin, M. I., K. I. Gringauz, G. A. Kotova, N. M. Shutte, H. Rosenbauer, S. Livi, A. K. Richter, W. Riedler, K. Schwingenschuh, and, K. Szego, (1991), On the problem of the Martian atmosphere dissipation: Phobos 2 TAUS spectrometer results, J. Geophys. Res., 96 (A11), 19,315-19,320.
Villanueva, G. L., M. J. Mumma, R. E. Novak, H. U. Kaufl, P. Hartogh, T. Encrenaz, A. Tokunaga, A. Khayat, and, M. D. Smith, (2015), Strong water isotopic anomalies in the Martian atmosphere: Probing current and ancient reservoirs, Science, 348 (6231), 218-221.
Zahnle, K., R. M. Haberle, D. C. Catling, and, J. F. Kasting, (2008), Photochemical instability of the ancient Martian atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E11004, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003160.

Name	Provider / Domaine	Expiration	Description
JSESSIONID	Oracle Corporation www.uliege.be	Session	General purpose platform session cookie, used by sites written in JSP. Usually used to maintain an anonymous user session by the server.
CookieScriptConsent	CookieScript .uliege.be	1 year	This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.

Name	Provider / Domaine	Expiration	Description
_pk_id	InnoCraft Ltd .uliege.be	1 year	Used to store a few details about the user such as the unique visitor ID
_pk_ses	InnoCraft Ltd .uliege.be	30 minutes	Short lived cookies used to temporarily store data for the visit
_pk_ref	InnoCraft Ltd .uliege.be	6 months	Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website