[fr] L’existence de processus communs aux différents systèmes mnésiques et au fonctionnement exécutif a été mise en évidence par des travaux menés dans les domaines de la neuroimagerie cérébrale, de l’étude des différences individuelles (principalement dans le cadre du vieillissement normal) et, dans une moindre mesure, de la neuropsychologie. Il est maintenant bien établi que le fonctionnement exécutif dépend d’un large réseau cérébral antéro-postérieur, dont certaines régions (les régions dorsolatérales et ventrolatérales moyennes, ainsi que le cortex cingulaire antérieur dorsal) sont communes non seulement à toute une série de processus exécutifs, mais également à des processus d’encodage et de récupération de l’information en mémoire épisodique et mémoire à court terme. La présence de lésions cérébrales situées dans les régions frontales a notamment pour conséquence d’altérer l’organisation stratégique de l’information à traiter (un processus exécutif), ce qui se répercute directement sur les capacités mnésiques des patients fronto-lésés. De plus, même chez des personnes exemptes de toute pathologie cérébrale, l’efficacité du fonctionnement exécutif va non seulement se répercuter sur la performance mnésique mais également moduler les réseaux cérébraux sous-jacents. Ces données témoignent donc de l’importance de relations entre processus exécutifs et mnésiques pour un fonctionnement cognitif optimal. Les développements récents en imagerie cérébrale et électrophysiologie devraient nous permettre de mieux déterminer et comprendre le mode d’action de ces relations.
Centre/Unité de recherche :
GIGA CRC (Cyclotron Research Center) In vivo Imaging-Aging & Memory - ULiège
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & comportement
Auteur, co-auteur :
Collette, Fabienne ; Université de Liège > Département de Psychologie > Neuropsychologie
Angel, Lucie
Langue du document :
Français
Titre :
Mémoire et fonctions exécutives: Nouvelles pistes de recherche
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