Investigation on possible transmission of monkeys' Plasmodium to human in a populations living in the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic republic of Congo
[en] Plasmodiums are protozoa that may infect various hosts. Only five species are now recognized as
naturally parasitizing humans: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium
ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi. This fifth species, P. knowlesi, previously identified as naturally
parasitizing the monkey Macaca fascicularis, has been microscopically confused for a long time with P.
malariae or P. falciparum and it was not possible to correctly differentiate them until the advent of
molecular biology. To date, natural human infections with P. knowlesi only occur in Southeast Asia and a
similar phenomenon of natural transmission of simian plasmodium to humans has not been reported
elsewhere. This study was conducted to investigate a possible transmission of African small monkey's
plasmodium to humans in populations living near the rainforest of the Democratic Republic of Congo
(DRC) where several species of non-human primates are living. Two successive real-time PCRs were
identified in the literature and used in combination for purpose. Only P. falciparum was found in this
study. However, studies with larger samples and with more advanced techniques should be conducted.
Disciplines :
Immunology & infectious disease Laboratory medicine & medical technology
Author, co-author :
MVUMBI, Dieudonné; University of Kinshasa > Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine > Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit > 4
BOBANGA, Thierry; UNIKIN > Parasitology and tropical medecine, Scholl of medecine
UMESUMBU, Solange; National malaria control program, RDC
KUNYU, Billy
KAYEMBE, Jean-Marie; UNIKIN > internal medecine, School of medecine
SITUAKIBANZA, Hippolyte
MVUMBI, Georges
Melin, Pierrette ; Université de Liège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Bactériologie, mycologie, parasitologie, virologie
De Mol, Patrick ; Université de Liège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques
Hayette, Marie-Pierre ; Université de Liège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Bactériologie, mycologie, parasitologie, virologie
Language :
English
Title :
Investigation on possible transmission of monkeys' Plasmodium to human in a populations living in the equatorial rainforest of the Democratic republic of Congo
Alternative titles :
[fr] Possible transmission de plasmodiums simiens dans des populations vivant dans la forêt équatoriale de RDC
Publication date :
2016
Journal title :
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
Cnops L., Jacobs J., Van Esbroeck M. Validation of a four-primer real-time PCR as a diagnostic tool for single and mixed Plasmodium infections. Clin. Microl. Biol. Infect. 2010, 17:1101-1107.
Colyn M. Données pondérales sur les primates Cercopithecidae d'Afrique Centrale (Bassin du Zaïre/Congo). Mammalia 1994, 58(3):483-488.
Contacos P.G., Coatney G.R., Orihel T.C., Collins W.E., Chin W., Jeter M.H. Transmission of Plasmodium schwetzi from the chimpanzee to man by mosquito bite. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1970, 19:190-195.
Cox-Singh J., Davis T.M.E., Lee K.S., Shamsul S.S.G., Matusop A., Ratnam S., Rahman H.A., Conway D.J., Singh B. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008, 46:165-171.
Daniels C.W. Animal parasites in man and some of the lower animals in Malaya. Stud. Inst. Med. Res. FMS 1908, 3:1-13.
Duval L., Nerrienet E., Rousset D., Mba S.A., Houze S., Fourment M., et al. Chimpanzee malaria parasites related to Plasmodium ovale in Africa. PLoS One 2009, 4:e5520.
Duval L., Fourment M., Nerrienet E., Rousset D., Sadeuh S.A., Goodman S.M., et al. African apes as a reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum and the origin and diversifi cation of Laverania subgenus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:10561-10566.
Eyles D.E., Coatney G.R., Getz M.E. Vivax-type malaria parasite of macaques transmissible to man. Science 1960, 132:1812-1813.
Grubb P., Butynski T.M., Oates J.F., Bearder S.K., Disotell T.R., Groves C.P., Struhsaker T.T. Assessment of the diversity of African primates. Int. J. Primatol. 2003, 2003(24):1301-1357.
Jongwutiwes S., Putaporntip C., Iwasaki T., Sata T., Kanbara H. Naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in human. Thail. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004, 10:2211-2213.
Kaiser M., Lowa A., Ulrich M., Ellerbrok H., Goffe A.S., Blasse A., et al. Wild chimpanzees infected with 5 Plasmodium species. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2010, 16:1956-1959.
Khim N., Siv S., Kim S., Mueller T., Fleischmann E., Singh B., et al. Plasmodium knowlesi infection in humans, Cambodia, 2007-2010. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2011, 17:1900-1902.
Krief S., Escalante A.A., Pacheco M.A., Mugisha L., André C., Halbwax M., et al. On the diversity of malaria parasites in African apes and the origin of Plasmodium falciparum from bonobos. PLoS Pathog. 2010, 6:e1000765.
Ladnyj D., Ziegler P., Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull. Wild. Health Org. 1972, 46:593-597.
Lee K.S., Cox-Singh J., Singh B. Morphological features and differential counts of Plasmodium knowlesi parasites in naturally acquired human infections. Malar. J. 2009, 8:73.
Liu W., Li Y., Learn G.H., Rudicell R.S., Robertson J.D., Keele B.F., et al. Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas. Nature 2010, 467:420-425.
Luchavez J., Espino F.E., Curameng P., Espina R., Bell D., Chiodini P., Nolder D., Sutherland C., Lee K.S., Singh B. Human infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, the Philippines. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2008, 14:811-813.
Miller L.H., Mason S.J., Clyde D.F., McGinniss M.H. The resistance factor to Plasmodium vivax in blacks: the duffy-blood-group genotype, FyFy. N. Engl. J. Med. 1976, 295:302.
Mvumbi D.M., Boreux R., Sacheli R., Lelo M., Lengu B., Nani-Tuma S., Melin P., Ntumba K., Lunganza K., Demol P., Hayette M.P. Assessment of pfcrt 72-76 haplotypes eight years after chloroquine withdrawal in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Malar. J. 2013, 12:459.
Ng O.T., Ooi E.E., Lee C.C., Jarrod L.P., Ng L.C., Wong P.S., Tu T.M., Loh J.P., Leo Y.S. Naturally acquired human Plasmodium knowlesi infection, Singapore. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2008, 14:814-816.
Ngimbi N.P., Beckers A., Wery M. Apercu de la situation épidémiologique du paludisme à Kinshasa (République du Zaire) en 1980. Ann. Soc. Belge. Méd. Trop. 1980, 62:121-137.
Ollomo B., Durand P., Prugnolle F., Douzery E., Arnathau C., Nkoghe D., et al. A new malaria agent in African hominids. PLoS Pathog. 2009, 5:e1000446.
Poirriez J., Baccam D., Dei-Cas E., Brogan T., Landau I. Description of Plasmodium petersi n. sp. and Plasmodium georgesi n. sp., parasites of a Cercocebus albigena monkey in the Central African Republic. Ann. Parasit. Hum. Comp. 1993, 68:203-210.
Poirriez J., Dei-Cas E., Dujardin L. Landau I.The blood-stages of Plasmodium georgesi, P. gonderi and P. petersi: course of untreated infection in their natural hosts and additional morphological distinctive features. Parasitology 1995, 111(5):547-554.
Pourrut X., Robert V. Absence d'infection plasmodiale chez les singes sauvages du Nord-Sénégal ?. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 2009, 102(1):17-18.
Prugnolle F., et al. African great apes are natural hosts of multiple related malaria species, including Plasmodium falciparum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2010, 107:1458-1463.
Prugnolle F., Ollomo B., Durand P., Yalcindag E., Arnathau C., Elguero E., Berry A., Pourrut X., Gonzalez J.P., Nkoghe D., Akiana J., Verrier D., Leroy E., Ayala F.J., Renaud F. African monkeys are infected by Plasmodium falciparum nonhuman primate- specific strains. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2011, 108:11948-11953.
Rougemont M., Van Saanen M., Sahli R., Hinrikson H.P., Bille J., Jaton K. Detection of four Plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18S rRNA gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time PCR assays. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004, 42:5636-5643.
Singh B., Lee K.S., Matusop A., Radhakrishnan A., Shamsul S.S.G., Cox-Singh J., Thomas A., Conway D. A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. Lancet 2004, 363:1017-1024.
Snounou G., Viriyakosol S., Zhu X.P., Jarra W., Pinheiro L., do Rosario V., Thaithong S., Brown K.N. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 1993, 61:315-320.
Ta T.H., Hisam S., Lanza M., Jiram A.I., Ismail N., Rubio J.M. First case of a naturally acquired human infection with Plasmodium cynomolgi. Malar. J. 2014, 13(1):68.
Taylor S.M., Messina J.P., Hand C.C., Juliano J.J., Uwonga J., Tshefu A.K., Atua B., Emch M., Meshnick S.R. Molecular malaria epidemiology: mapping and burden estimates for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2007. PLoS One 2011, 6(1):e16420.
Vythilingam I., Tan C.H., Asmad M., Chan S.T., Lee K.S., Singh B. Natural transmission of Plasmodium knowlesi to humans by Anopheles latens in Sarawak, Malaysia. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2006, 100:1087-1088.
Warren M.W., Cheong W.H., Fredericks H.K., Coatney G.R. Cycles of jungle malaria in West Malaysia. Am. J. Trop. Med. 1970, 19:383.
White N.F. Plasmodium knowlesi: the fifth human malaria parasite. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2008, 46:172-173.
Zhu H.M., Li J., Zheng H. Human natural infection of Plasmodium knowlesi. Chin. J. Parasitol. Parasit. Dis. 2006, 24:70-71.
