Formation flying; Solar activity; Solar variability; Solar wind-irradiance; Solar gravity; Acoustic modes; Global solar magnetism
Abstract :
[en] The DynaMICCS mission is designed to probe and understand the dynamics of crucial regions of the Sun that determine solar variability, including the previously unexplored inner core, the radiative/convective zone interface layers, the photosphere/chromosphere layers and the low corona. The mission delivers data and knowledge that no other known mission provides for understanding space weather and space climate and for advancing stellar physics (internal dynamics) and fundamental physics (neutrino properties, atomic physics, gravitational moments...). The science objectives are achieved using Doppler and magnetic measurements of the solar surface, helioseismic and coronographic measurements, solar irradiance at different wavelengths and in-situ measurements of plasma/energetic particles/magnetic fields. The DynaMICCS payload uses an original concept studied by Thalès Alenia Space in the framework of the CNES call for formation flying missions: an external occultation of the solar light is obtained by putting an occulter spacecraft 150 m (or more) in front of a second spacecraft. The occulter spacecraft, a LEO platform of the mini sat class, e.g. PROTEUS, type carries the helioseismic and irradiance instruments and the formation flying technologies. The latter spacecraft of the same type carries a visible and infrared coronagraph for a unique observation of the solar corona and instrumentation for the study of the solar wind and imagers. This mission must guarantee long (one 11-year solar cycle) and continuous observations (duty cycle > 94%) of signals that can be very weak (the gravity mode detection supposes the measurement of velocity smaller than 1 mm/s). This assumes no interruption in observation and very stable thermal conditions. The preferred orbit therefore is the L1 orbit, which fits these requirements very well and is also an attractive environment for the spacecraft due to its low radiation and low perturbation (solar pressure) environment. This mission is secured by instrumental R and D activities during the present and coming years. Some prototypes of different instruments are already built (GOLFNG, SDM) and the performances will be checked before launch on the ground or in space through planned missions of CNES and PROBA ESA missions (PICARD, LYRA, maybe ASPIICS).
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Turck-Chièze, S.; CEA/DSM/ IRFU CE Saclay
Lamy, P.; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille BP 8
Carr, C.; The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London
Carton, P. H.; CEA/DSM/ IRFU CE Saclay
Chevalier, Alain; Institut Royal Météorologique - IRM
Dandouras, I.; CESR, CNRS
Defise, Jean-Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > CSL : Direction générale - Satellites, missions et instruments spatiaux
Dewitte, S.; Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
Turck-Chièze, S., et al.: The magnetism of the solar interior for a complete MHD solar vision ESA-SP 588, 39th ESLAB symposium, p. 193 (2005); Turck-Chièze S. et al.: ESA-SP 624, SoHO 18/GONG 2006/HELAS I, Beyond the spherical Sun, p. 24 (2006)
Vorontsov, S., et al.: Helioseismic measurement of solar torsional oscillations. Science 296, 101 (2002)
Brummell, N., Cline, K., Cattaneo, F.: Penetration and overshooting in turbulent compressible convection. MNRAS 329, 73 (2002)
Turck-Chièze, S., et al.: Solar neutrino emission deduced from an helioseismic model. ApJ 555, L69 (2001)
Couvidat, S., Turck-Chièze, S. Kosovichev, A.: Solar seismic models and the neutrino predictions. ApJ 599, 1434 (2003)
Turck-Chièze, S., et al.: Looking for gravity-mode multiplets with the GOLF experiment aboard SOHO. ApJ 604, 455, 608, 610 (2004)
Garcia, R.A., et al.: Tracking solar gravity modes: the dynamics of the solar core. Science 316, 1591 (2007)
Mathur, S., Eff-Darwich, A., Garcia, R.A., Turck-Chièze, S.: Sensitivity of helioseismic gravity modes to the dynamics of the solar core. A&A 484, 517 (2008)
Mathur, S., Turck-Chièze, S., Couvidat, S., Garcia, R.: On the characteristics of the solar gravity mode frequencies. ApJ 668, 594 (2007)
Zahn, J.-P.: Circulation and turbulence in rotating stars. A&A 265, 115 (1992)
Maeder, A., Zahn, J.-P.: Stellar evolution with rotation. III. Meridional circulation with μ gradients and non-stationarity. A&A 334, 1000 (1998)
Palacios, A., Nghiem, P., Turck-Chièze, S.: Macroscopic and microscopic behaviours of a rotating Sun. ApJ. (2008, submitted)
Charbonneau, P., MacGregor, K.B.: Angular momentum transport in magnetized stellar radiative zones. II. The Solar Spin-down. ApJ 417, 762 (1993)
Gough, D.O., Mc Intyre, M.E.: Inevitability of a magnetic field in the Sun's radiative interior. Nature 394, 755 (1998)
Talon, S.: Waves transport in stratified media. In: Rieutord, M., Dubrulle, B. (eds.) Stellar Fluid Dynamics and Numerical Simulations: from the Sun to Neutron Stars, vol. 21, p. 105. EAS pub. series (2006)
Mathis, S., Zahn, J.-P.: Transport and mixing in the radiation zones of rotating stars. I. Hydrodynamical processes. A&A 425, 229 (2004)
Mathis, S., Zahn, J.-P.: Transport and mixing in the radiation zones of rotating stars. II. Axisymmetric magnetic field. A&A 440, 653 (2005)
Mathis, S., Decressin, T., Palacios, A., et al.: Meridional circulation in the radiation zones of rotating stars: Origins, behaviors and consequences on stellar evolution. Astron. Notes 328, 10, 1062 (2007)
Brun, A.S., Jouve, L.: Global models of the magnetic sun, in waves and oscillations in the solar atmosphere: heating and magneto-seismology. In: Mendoza-Briceno, C., Erdelyi, R. (eds.) Proc. IAU Symp. 247 p. 33 (2008)
Parker, E.N.: A solar dynamo surface wave at the interface between convection and nonuniform rotation. ApJ 408, 707 (1993)
Rempel, M.: Thermal properties of magnetic flux tubes. II. Storage of flux in the solar overshoot region. A&A 397, 1097 (2003)
Brainwaith, J., Spruit, H.C.: A fossil origin for the magnetic field in A stars and white dwarfs. Nature 431, 819 (2004)
Spiegel, E.A., Zahn, J.-P.: The solar tachocline. A&A 265, 106 (1992)
Elliott, J.: Aspects of the solar tachocline. A&A 327, 1222 (1997)
Dikpati, M., Cally, P.S., Gilman, P.A.: Linear analysis and nonlinear evolution of two-dimensional global magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in a diffusive tachocline. ApJ 610, 597 (2004)
Brun, A.S., Zahn, J.P.: Magnetic confinement of the solar tachocline. A&A 457, 665 (2006)
Lefebvre, S., Kosovichev, A.: Changes in the subsurface stratification of the sun with the 11-year activity cycle. ApJ 633, L149 (2005)
Lefebvre, S., Nghiem, P.A.P., Turck-Chièze, S.: Impact of a radius and composition variation on the solar subsurface layers stratification. ApJ (2008, accepted)
Priest, E.R.: Heating the solar corona by magnetic reconnection. Ap &SS 264, 77 (1999)
Withbroe, G.L.: The temperature structure, mass, and energy flow in the corona and inner solar wind. ApJ 325, 442 (1988)
Cranmer, S.R., Field, G.B., Kohl, J.L.: Spectroscopic constraints on models of ion cyclotron resonance heating in the polar solar corona and high-speed solar wind. ApJ 518, 937 (1999)
Marsch, E.: Cyclotron heating of the solar corona. Ap &SS 264, 63 (1999)
Peter, H, Gudiksen, B.V., Nordlund, A.: Coronal heating through braiding of magnetic field lines synthesized coronal EUV emission and magnetic structure. ESA-SP 596, 14 (2005)
Klimchuk, J.A.: On solving the coronal heating problem. Sol. Phys. 234, 41 (2006)
Koutchmy, S., et al.: The August 11th, 1999 CME. A &A 420, 709 (2004)
Lin, H., Penn, M.J., Tomczyk, S.: A new precise measurement of the coronal magnetic field strength. ApJ 541, L83 (2000)
Lin, H., Kuhn, J.R., Coulter, R.: Coronal magnetic field measurements. ApJ 613, L177 (2004)
Turck-Chièze, S., Couvidat, S., Piau, L., Ferguson, E.: Surprising Sun: A new step towards a complete picture? PRL., 211102 (2004); Turck-Chièze, S., et al.: How does helioseismology constrain solar neutrino properties? Nucl. Phys. Suppl. 143, 35; Solar models and solar neutrinos. Nucl. Phys. Suppl. 145, 17 (2005); Turck-Chièze, S., Talon, S.: The dynamics of the solar radiative zone. Adv. Space. Res. 41, 855 (2008)
Bonanno, A., Schlattl, H.: Helioseismic constraints on the time evolution of the fine structure constant. SA-SP617E, 37B (2006)
Lopes, I., Silk, J., Hansen, S.: Helioseismology as a new constraint on supersymmetric dark matter. MNRAS 331(2), 361-368 (2002)
Lopes, I., Silk, J.: Solar neutrinos: probing the quasi-isothermal solar core produced by supersymmetric dark matter particles. PRL 88(15), id. 151303 (2002)
Rozelot, J.P., Pireaux, S., Lefebvre, S., Ajabshirizadeh, A.: Solar rotation and gravitational moments: some astrophysical outcomes. In: SOHO 14/GONG 2004 Workshop, ESA SP-559, 606 (2004)
Lefebvre, S., Rozelot, J.P., Kosovichev, A.: The change of solar shape in time and depth. Some consequences for space climate. Adv. Space. Res. 40, 1000 (2007)
Armstrong, J., Kuhn, J.R.: Interpreting the solar limb shape distortions. ApJ 525, 533 (1999)
Godier, S., Rozelot, J.P.: Relationships between the quadrupole moment and the internal layers of the sun. A&A 350, 310 (1999)
Lefebvre, S., Kosovichev, A.G., Rozelot, J-P.: The change of solar shape in time and depth. Some consequences for space climate. Adv. Space. Res. 40, 1000 (2007)
Lefebvre, S., Kosovichev, A.G., Nghiem, P., Turck-Chièze, S., Rozelot, J.P.: Cyclic variability of the seismic solar radius from SOHO/MDI and related physics. In: SOHO 18 / GONG 2006 / HELAS I - Conference, Shefield, U.K., August 7-11 2006. Beyond the Spherical Sun: A New Era of Helio- and Asteroseismology. ESA SP-624, CDROM, p. 9.1 (2006)
Pireaux, S., Rozelot, J.P.: Cyclic variability of the seismic solar radius from SOHO/MDI and related physics. Astron. & Space Science 284, 1159 (2003)
Fröhlich, C.: Solar irradiance variability since 1978. Space Sci. Rev. 125, 53 (2006)
Moberg, A., Sonechkin, D.M., Holmgren, K., Datsenko, N.M., Karlén, W.: Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature 433(7026), 613 (2005)
Dikpati, M., Gilman, P.: Simulating and predicting solar cycles using a flux-transport dynamo. ApJ 649, 498 (2006)
Haigh, J.D., Lockwood, M., Giampapa, M.S.: In: Rüedi, I., Güdel, M., Schmutz, W. (eds.) The sun, solar analogs and the climate. Saas Fee Course 34, Springer (2005)
Woods, T.: Simulating and predicting solar cycles using a flux-transport dynamo. Eparvier. Adv. Space Res. 37, 219 (2006)
Lilensten, J., Dudok de Wit, T., Kretzschmar, M., et al.: Review on the solar spectral variability in the EUV for space weather purposes. Ann. Geoph. 26, 269 (2008)
Kretzschmar, M. Lilensten, J., Aboudarham, J.: Retrieving the solar EUV spectral irradiance from the observation of 6 lines. Adv. Space Res. 37, 341 (2006)
Dudok de Wit, T., Lilensten, J., Aboudarham, J., et al.: Retrieving the solar EUV spectrum from a reduced set of spectral lines. Ann. Geoph. 23, 3055 (2005)
Talon, S., Charbonnel, C.: Hydrodynamical stellar models including rotation, internal gravity waves, and atomic diffusion. I. Formalism and tests on Pop I dwarfs. A&A 440 981 (2005)
Turck-Chièze, S. et al.: GOLF - NG spectrometer, a space prototype for studying the dynamics of the deep solar interior. Adv. Space Res. 38, 1812 (2006)
Turck-Chièze, S., Carton, P.H., Mathur, S. et al.: Laboratory performances of the solar multi-channel resonant scatteringspectrometer prototype of the GOLF-New Generation instrument. Astron. Nachr. 329, 521 (2008)
Thuillier, G., Dewitte, S., Schmutz, W.: The PICARD mission: scientific objectives and status of development. Adv. Space Res. 26, 1792 (2006)
Cacciani, A., Fofi, M.: The magneto-optical filter. II - Velocity field measurements. Sol. Phys. 59, 179 (1978)
Jefferies, et al.: Magnetoacoustic portals and the basal heating of the solar chromosphere. ApJ 648, 151 (2006)
Ruzmaikin, A., Moynihan, P.I., Vaughan, A.H., Cacciani, A.: Magnetoacoustic portals and the basal heating of the solar chromosphere. SPIE, vol. 3442, pp. 115-124 (1998)
Haberreiter, M., Krivova, N.A., Schmutz, W., Wenzler, T.: Reconstruction of the solar UV irradiance back to 1974. Adv. Space Res. 35, 365 (2005)
Dewitte, S., Crommelynck, D., Joukoff, A.: Total solar irradiance observations from DIARAD/VIRGO. J. Geophys. Res. 109, A2 (2004)
Rottman, G.J., et al.: SORCE solar UV irradiance results. Adv. Space. Res. 37, 201 (2006)
Hochedez, J.F., Schmutz, W., Stockman, Y., et al.: LYRA, a solar UV radiometer on Proba2. Adv. Space Res. 37, 303 (2006)
Vivès, S., Lamy, P., et al.: Formation flying applied to solar coronal diagnostics: the ASPIICS coronagraph. Proc. SPIE, 6265 (2006)
Harrison, R.A., et al.: Formation flying applied to solar coronal diagnostics: the ASPIICS coronagraph. Sol. Phys. 247, 171 (2008)
