Air-sea ice gases exchange: update of recent findings, outcomes from sea ice models, caveats and open questions

There are growing evidences that sea ice exchanges climate gases with the atmosphere. We will rapidly present a state of the art of current large scale assessment of spring and summer uptake of atmospheric CO2. We will challenge these assessments with 1) new evidence of significant winter CO2 release for winter experiments 2) new finding of the role of bubbles formation and transport within sea ice and 3) impurities expulsion derived from combined artificial ice experiment and modelling. Finally, comparison of air-ice fluxes derived from automated chamber and micrometeorological method and, mechanistic and box models show significant discrepancies that suggest that the contribution of sea ice to the air-ocean fluxes of CO2 remain an open question. We will also highlight that sea ice contribute to the fluxes of other gases as CH4 ,N2O and DMS