[en] Distortion of allele segregation is a
phenomenon common to all living organisms. Described as a great force of evolution, this phenomenon is caused by various
genetic or physiological factors. Random or not, the factors involved in segregation distortion have significant effects on crop
improvement and on the mapping of crop genomes. Analysis of numerous results involving a distortion of the segregation
of alleles was used to characterize partially the causes and effects of this phenomenon. The results obtained show that the
importance of segregation distortion depends on the type of molecular markers used and the nature of the populations
investigated. Further research is needed to better identify and locate the factors causing segregation distortion, and to better
assess and to understand their effects. The development of dense genetic maps, combined with cytogenetic analysis, would
allow rapid progress in this area. [fr] La distorsion de ségrégation (DS) des allèles est un phénomène commun à tous les êtres vivants. Décrite comme une grande
force de l’évolution, elle est causée par divers facteurs génétiques ou physiologiques, influencés par l’environnement.
Aléatoires ou non, les facteurs de distorsion de ségrégation ont des effets considérables sur l’amélioration des cultures et la
cartographie de leur génome. L’analyse de nombreux résultats impliquant une distorsion de ségrégation d’allèles a permis la
caractérisation partielle des causes et des effets de ce phénomène. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’importance de la DS
dépend du type de marqueurs moléculaires utilisés et de la nature des populations étudiées. Des recherches complémentaires
sont nécessaires pour une meilleure identification des facteurs générateurs de distorsion de ségrégation et une plus précise
évaluation de leurs effets. La réalisation de cartographies génétiques denses, associée à des analyses cytogénétiques, devraient
permettre de rapides progrès.
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