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Big data; Personalized medicine; Bioinformatics; Genomics; Transcriptomics; Proteomics; Metabolomics
Abstract :
[en] The increasing interest for personalized medicine evolves together with two major technological advances. First, the new-generation, rapid and less expensive, DNA sequencing method, combined with remarkable progresses in molecular biology leading to the post-genomic era (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics). Second, the refinement of computing tools (IT), which allows the immediate analysis of a huge amount of data (especially, those resulting from the omics approaches) and, thus, creates a new universe for medical research, that of <<big data>> analyzed by computerized modelling. This article for scientific communication and popularization briefly describes the main advances in these two fields of interest. These technological progresses are combined with those occurring in communication, which makes possible the development of artificial intelligence. These major advances will most probably represent the grounds of the future personalized medicine. [fr] L’intérêt grandissant pour la médecine personnalisée
a évolué conjointement avec deux types de progrès technologiques
remarquables. Tout d’abord, la technique de séquen-
çage d’ADN de nouvelle génération, rapide et peu coûteuse,
couplée aux progrès de la biologie moléculaire ouvrant la
voie à l’ère post-génomique (transcriptomique, protéomique,
métabolomique). Ensuite, le perfectionnement des outils
informatiques, ce qui permet l’analyse, quasi instantanée, de
grandes quantités de données (notamment celles, nombreuses,
rendues accessibles par les approches «omiques») et crée un
véritable nouvel univers en recherche médicale, celui des «big
data» analysé par modélisation bioinformatique. Cet article
de vulgarisation décrit brièvement les avancées dans ces deux
domaines. Ces progrès technologiques s’associent à ceux enregistrés
dans les techniques de communication et d’interconnexion,
aboutissant à la création d’une véritable intelligence
artificielle. Ces avancées constituent sans doute les fondements
de la médecine personnalisée du futur.
Mots-clés : Big data - Bioinformatique - Génomique - Transcriptomique
- Protéomique - Métabolomique - Médicine personnalisée
Disciplines :
Human health sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
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