Article (Scientific journals)
Far ultraviolet imaging from the IMAGE spacecraft. 3. Spectral imaging of Lyman-alpha and OI 135.6 nm
Mende, S. B.; Heetderks, H.; Frey, H. U. et al.
2000In Space Science Reviews, 91, p. 287-318
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Abstract :
[en] Two FUV Spectral imaging instruments, the Spectrographic Imager (SI) and the Geocorona Photometer (GEO) provide IMAGE with simultaneous global maps of the hydrogen (121.8 nm) and oxygen 135.6 nm components of the terrestrial aurora and with observations of the three dimensional distribution of neutral hydrogen in the magnetosphere (121.6 nm). The SI is a novel instrument type, in which spectral separation and imaging functions are independent of each other. In this instrument, two-dimensional images are produced on two detectors, and the images are spectrally filtered by a spectrograph part of the instrument. One of the two detectors images the Doppler-shifted Lyman-alpha while rejecting the geocoronal `cold' Ly-alpha, and another detector images the OI 135.6 nm emission. The spectrograph is an all-reflective Wadsworth configuration in which a grill arrangement is used to block most of the cold, un-Doppler-shifted geocoronal emission at 121.567 nm. The SI calibration established that the upper limit of transmission at cold geocoronal Ly-alpha is less than 2%. The measured light collecting efficiency was 0.01 and 0.008 cm^2 at 121.8 and at 135.6 nm, respectively. This is consistent with the size of the input aperture, the optical transmission, and the photocathode efficiency. The expected sensitivity is 1.8x10^-2 and 1.3x10^-2 counts per Rayleigh per pixel for each 5 s viewing exposure per satellite revolution (120 s). The measured spatial resolution is better than the 128x128 pixel matrix over the 15 degx15 deg field of view in both wavelength channels. The SI detectors are photon counting devices using the cross delay line principle. In each detector a triple stack microchannel plate (MCP) amplifies the photo-electronic charge which is then deposited on a specially configured anode array. The position of the photon event is measured by digitizing the time delay between the pulses detected at each end of the anode structures. This scheme is intrinsically faster than systems that use charge division and it has a further advantage that it saturates more gradually at high count rates. The geocoronal Ly-alpha is measured by a three-channel photometer system (GEO) which is a separate instrument. Each photometer has a built in MgF_2 lens to restrict the field of view to one degree and a ceramic electron multiplier with a KBr photocathode. One of the tubes is pointing radially outward perpendicular to the axis of satellite rotation. The optic of the other two subtend 60 deg with the rotation axis. These instruments take data continuously at 3 samples per second and rely on the combination of satellite rotation and orbital motion to scan the hydrogen cloud surrounding the earth. The detective efficiencies (effective quantum efficiency including windows) of the three tubes at Ly-alpha are between 6 and 10%.
Disciplines :
Aerospace & aeronautics engineering
Author, co-author :
Mende, S. B.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Heetderks, H.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Frey, H. U.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Stock, J. M.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Lampton, M.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Geller, S. P.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Abiad, R.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Siegmund, O. H. W.;  Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A.
Habraken, Serge ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de physique > Optique - Hololab - CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Renotte, Etienne ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Jamar, Claude ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Rochus, Pierre  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège) - Instrumentation et expérimentation spatiales
Gérard, Jean-Claude  ;  University of Liège, Liège, B-4000 Belgium
Sigler, R.;  Lockheed-Martin Palo Alto Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, U.S.A.
Lauche, H.;  Max Planck Institut fur Aeronomie, D-37189 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
More authors (5 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
Far ultraviolet imaging from the IMAGE spacecraft. 3. Spectral imaging of Lyman-alpha and OI 135.6 nm
Publication date :
01 January 2000
Journal title :
Space Science Reviews
ISSN :
0038-6308
eISSN :
1572-9672
Publisher :
Springer Science & Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, Netherlands
Volume :
91
Pages :
287-318
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
since 10 August 2009

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