Analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 M group Vpu domains involved in antagonizing tetherin

[en] Zoonosis of chimpanzee simian immunodeficiency virus cpz to humans has given rise to both pandemic (M) and non-pandemic (O, N and P) groups of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV). These lentiviruses encode accessory proteins, including Vpu, which has been shown to reduce CD4 levels on the cell surface, as well as increase virion release from the cell by antagonizing tetherin (CD317, BST2). Here, we confirm that O group Vpus (Ca9 and BCF06) are unable to counteract tetherin or downregulate the protein from the cell surface, although they are still able to reduce cell-surface CD4 levels. We hypothesize that this inability to antagonize tetherin may have contributed to O group viruses failing to achieve pandemic levels of human-tohuman transmission. Characterization of chimeric O/M group Vpus and Vpu mutants demonstrate that the Vpu–tetherin interaction is complex, involving several domains. We identify specific residues within the transmembrane proximal region that, along with the transmembrane domain, are crucial for tetherin counteraction and enhanced virion release. We have also shown that the critical domains are responsible for the localization of M group Vpu to the trans-Golgi network, where it relocalizes tetherin to counteract its function. This work sheds light on the acquisition of anti-tetherin activity and the molecular details of pandemic HIV infection in humans

Disciplines :

Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others

Author, co-author :

Petit, Sarah; University College London - UCL > Infection and Immunity > MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology

Blondeau, Caroline ; University College London - UCL > Infection and Immunity > MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology

Towers, Greg; University College London - UCL > Infection and Immunity > MRC Centre for Medical Molecular Virology

Language :

English

Title :

Analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 M group Vpu domains involved in antagonizing tetherin

Publication date :

2011

Journal title :

Journal of General Virology

ISSN :

0022-1317

eISSN :

1465-2099

Publisher :

Society for General Microbiology, London, United Kingdom

Volume :

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 13 March 2015

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