Biomarkers and physiolpathology in the cardiorenal syndrome

Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) corresponds to an association of acute heart failure and a worsening of renal
function. The detection of acute kidney injury (AKI) unfortunately occurs at a late stage of CRS, leading to an
increased mortality of the patients. In this review, we described the pathophysiology of CRS and discussed the
potential interest of biochemical biomarkers (namely creatinine, cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, fatty acid binding
protein, Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and IL-18) that could potentially help to detect AKI earlier and thus reduce
the morbi-mortality of the patients suffering from CRS.