[en] Cancer is a major health problem that is widespread in elderly people. Paradoxically, older people suffering from cancer are often excluded from clinical trials and are undertreated when compared to younger patients. One explanation for these observations is age stigma (ie, stereotypes linked to age, and thus ageism). These stigmas can result in deleterious consequences for elderly people’s mental and physical health in “normal” aging. What, then, is the impact in a pathological context, such as oncology? Moreover, health care professionals’ attitudes can be tainted with ageism, thus leading to undesirable consequences for patients. To counter these stigmas, we can apply some possible interventions emerging from research on normal aging and from social psychology, such as intergenerational contact, activation of positive stereotypes, self-affirmation, and so on; these tools can improve opinions of aging among the elderly people themselves, as well as health care professionals, thus affecting patients’ mental and physical health.
Disciplines :
Treatment & clinical psychology
Author, co-author :
Schroyen, Sarah ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Départ. de Psychologies et Cliniques des Systèmes humains > Psychologie de la sénescence et du vieillissement
Adam, Stéphane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Départ. de Psychologies et Cliniques des Systèmes humains > Psychologie de la sénescence et du vieillissement
JERUSALEM, Guy ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Oncologie médicale
Missotten, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Départ. de Psychologies et Cliniques des Systèmes humains > Psychologie de la sénescence et du vieillissement
Language :
English
Title :
Ageism and its clinical impact in oncogeriatry: state of knowledge and therapeutic leads
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(6):1374–1403.
Smith BD, Smith GL, Hurria A, Hortobagyi GN, Buchholz TA. Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(17):2758–2765.
Surbone A, Kagawa-Singer M, Terret C, Baider L. The illness trajectory of elderly cancer patients across cultures: SIOG position paper. Ann Oncol. 2007;18(4):633–638.
Extermann M. Geriatric oncology: an overview of progresses and challenges. Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(2):61–68.
Sheikh RB, Mathew E, Rafique AM, Suraweera RSC, Khan H, Sreedharan J. Attitude of medical students toward old people in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Asian Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2013; 8:85–89.
Gunderson A, Tomkowiak J, Menachemi N, Brooks R. Rural physicians’ attitudes toward the elderly: evidence of ageism? Qual Manag Health Care. 2005;14(3):167–176.
Murthy VH, Krumholz HM, Gross CP. Participation in cancer clinical trials: race-, sex-, and age-based disparities. JAMA. 2004;291(22): 2720–2726.
Knechel NA. The challenges of enrolling older adults into intervention studies. Yale J Biol Med. 2013;86(1):41–47.
Townsley CA, Selby R, Siu LL. Systematic review of barriers to the recruitment of older patients with cancer onto clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(13):3112–3124.
Hurria A, Browner IS, Cohen HJ, et al. Senior adult oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2012;10(2):162–209.
Penson RT, Daniels KJ, Lynch TJ. Too old to care? Oncologist. 2004; 9(3):343–352.
Balducci L. Management of cancer in the elderly. Oncology (Williston Park). 2006;20(2):135–143; discussion 144, 146, 151–152.
Pallis AG, Gridelli C, Wedding U, et al. Management of elderly patients with NSCLC; updated expert’s opinion paper: EORTC Elderly Task Force, Lung Cancer Group and International Society for Geriatric Oncology. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(7):1270–1283.
Shelke AR, Mohile SG. Treating prostate cancer in elderly men: how does aging affect the outcome? Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2011;12(3): 263–275.
Albrand G, Terret C. Early breast cancer in the elderly: assessment and management considerations. Drugs Aging. 2008;25(1):35–45.
Protière C, Viens P, Rousseau F, Moatti JP. Prescribers’ attitudes toward elderly breast cancer patients. Discrimination or empathy? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2010;75(2):138–150.
Department of Health Pharmaceutical Oncology Initiative. The Impact of Patient Age on Clinical Decision-Making in Oncology. London, UK: Department of Health; 2012.
van de Water W, Markopoulos C, van de Velde CJ, et al. Association between age at diagnosis and disease-specifc mortality among postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. JAMA. 2012;307(6):590–597.
Markopoulos C, van de Water W. Older patients with breast cancer: is there bias in the treatment they receive? Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2012; 4(6):321–327.
Thompson A, Cone R, Gao H, Hammond E, Fraser D, Back MF. Is advanced age a barrier to effective cancer treatment? The experience of nonagenarians receiving radiation therapy. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol. 2012;8(3):255–259.
Rogne SG, Konglund A, Meling TR, et al. Intracranial tumor surgery in patients.70 years of age: is clinical practice worthwhile or futile? Acta Neurol Scand. 2009;120(5):288–294.
Madan AK, Aliabadi-Wahle S, Beech DJ. Ageism in medical students’ treatment recommendations: the example of breast-conserving procedures. Acad Med. 2001;76(3):282–284.
Butler RN. Age-ism: another form of bigotry. Gerontologist. 1969; 9(4):243–246.
Levitt SD. Testing theories of discrimination: evidence from Weakest Link. Journal of Law and Economics. 2004;47:431–452.
Bugental DB, Hehman JA. Ageism: a review of research and policy implications. Soc Issues Policy Rev. 2007;1(1):173–216.
European Commission. Special Eurobarometer 393: Discrimination in the EU in 2012 Report. Luxembourg, Luxembourg: European Commission; 2012: Wave EB77.4.
Levy B. Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996;71(6):1092–1107.
Levy BR, Slade MD, Kasl SV. Longitudinal beneft of positive self-perceptions of aging on functional health. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002;57(5):P409–P417.
Levy BR, Zonderman AB, Slade MD, Ferrucci L. Age stereotypes held earlier in life predict cardiovascular events in later life. Psychol Sci. 2009;20(3):296–298.
Levy BR, Slade MD, Kunkel SR, Kasl SV. Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;83(2):261–270.
Levy BR, Myers LM. Preventive health behaviors infuenced by self-perceptions of aging. Prev Med. 2004;39(3):625–629.
Levy BR, Slade MD, Murphy TE, Gill TM. Association between positive age stereotypes and recovery from disability in older persons. JAMA. 2012;308(19):1972–1973.
Levy B. Stereotype embodiment: a psychosocial approach to aging. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2009;18(6):332–336.
Levy BR, Hausdorff JM, Hencke R, Wei JY. Reducing cardiovascular stress with positive self-stereotypes of aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000;55(4):P205–P213.
Levy B, Ashman O, Dror I. To be or not to be: the effects of aging stereotypes on the will to live. Omega (Westport). 2000;40(3):409–420.
Steele CM, Aronson J. Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995;69(5):797–811.
Abrams D, Eller A, Bryant J. An age apart: the effects of intergenera-tional contact and stereotype threat on performance and intergroup bias. Psychol Aging. 2006;21(4):691–702.
Stewart TL, Chipperfeld JG, Perry RP, Weiner B. Attributing illness to ‘old age:’ consequences of a self-directed stereotype for health and mortality. Psychol Health. 2012;27(8):881–897.
Lim MY, Stephens EK, Novotny P, et al. Self-perceptions of age among 292 chemotherapy-treated cancer patients: Exploring associations with symptoms and survival. J Geriatr Oncol. 2013;4(3):249–254.
Caporael LR. The paralanguage of caregiving: baby talk to the institutionalized aged. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1981;40(5):876–884.
Liu YE, While AE, Norman IJ, Ye W. Health professionals’ attitudes toward older people and older patients: a systematic review. J Interprof Care. 2012;26(5):397–409.
Kearney N, Miller M, Paul J, Smith K. Oncology healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward elderly people. Ann Oncol. 2000;11(5):599–601.
Ryan EB, Butler RN. Communication, aging, and health: toward understanding health provider relationships with older clients. Health Commun. 1996;8(3):191–197.
Kemper S, Harden T. Experimentally disentangling what’s benefcial about elderspeak from what’s not. Psychol Aging. 1999;14(4):656–670.
Williams KN, Herman R, Gajewski B, Wilson K. Elderspeak communication: impact on dementia care. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2009;24(1):11–20.
Mandelblatt JS, Edge SB, Meropol NJ, et al. Predictors of long-term outcomes in older breast cancer survivors: perceptions versus patterns of care. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(5):855–863.
Yeom HE, Heidrich SM. Effect of perceived barriers to symptom management on quality of life in older breast cancer survivors. Cancer Nurs. 2009;32(4):309–316.
Avorn J, Langer E. Induced disability in nursing home patients: a controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1982;30(6):397–400.
Coudin G, Alexopoulos T. ‘Help me! I’m old!’ How negative aging stereotypes create dependency among older adults. Aging Ment Health. 2010;14(5):516–523.
Hausdorff JM, Levy BR, Wei J Y. The power of ageism on physical function of older persons: reversibility of age-related gait changes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(11):1346–1349.
Abrams D, Crisp RJ, Marques S, Fagg E, Bedford L, Provias D. Threat inoculation: experienced and imagined intergenerational contact prevents stereotype threat effects on older people’s math performance. Psychol Aging. 2008;23(4):934–939.
Gaggioli A, Morganti L, Bonfglio S, et al. Intergenerational group reminiscence: a potentially effective intervention to enhance elderly psychosocial wellbeing and to improve children’s perception of aging. Educ Gerontol. 2014;40(7):486–498.
Sherman DK, Cohen GL. The psychology of self-defense: self-affrma-tion theory. In: Zanna MP, editor. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. Vol 38. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2006:183–242.
McQueen A, Klein WMP. Experimental manipulations of self-affrmation: a systematic review. Self and Identity. 2006;5(4):289–354.
Martens A, Johns M, Greenberg J, Schimel J. Combating stereotype threat: the effect of self-affrmation on women’s intellectual performance. J Exp Soc Psychol. 2006;42(2):236–243.
Sherman DAK, Nelson LD, Steele CM. Do messages about health risks threaten the self? Increasing the acceptance of threatening health messages via self-affrmation. Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2000;26(9): 1046–1058.
Blanc-Bisson C, Fonck M, Rainfray M, Soubeyran P, Bourdel-Marchasson I. Undernutrition in elderly patients with cancer: target for diagnosis and intervention. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2008;67(3):243–254.
Blair IV. The malleability of automatic stereotypes and prejudice. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2002;6(3):242–261.
Andreoletti C, Lachman ME. Susceptibility and resilience to memory aging stereotypes: education matters more than age. Exp Aging Res. 2004;30(2):129–148.
Koh LC. Student attitudes and educational support in caring for older people–a review of literature. Nurse Educ Pract. 2012;12(1):16–20.
Boswell SS. “Old people are cranky”: helping professional trainees’ knowledge, attitudes, aging anxiety, and interest in working with older adults. Educ Gerontol. 2012;38(7):465–472.
Yu CY, Chen KM. Experiencing simulated aging improves knowledge of and attitudes toward aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(5): 957–961.
Williams K, Kemper S, Hummert ML. Improving nursing home communication: an intervention to reduce elderspeak. Gerontologist. 2003; 43(2):242–247.
Williams KN. Improving outcomes of nursing home interactions. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(2):121–133.
Fein S, Spencer SJ. Prejudice as self-image maintenance: affrming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1997;73(1):31–44.
Dasgupta N, Greenwald AG. On the malleability of automatic attitudes: combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001;81(5):800–814.
Macrae CN, Bodenhausen GV, Milne AB, Jetten J. Out of mind but back in sight: stereotypes on the rebound. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994;67(5):808–817.
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.