Spatial and temporal variations in the occurrence of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in waste- and surface water from Belgium and removal during wastewater treatment
Van Nuijs, Baert; Pecceu, Bert; Theunis, Laetitiaet al.
Theunis, Laetitia ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie > Chimie toxicologique
Dubois, Nathalie ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Toxicologie clinique
Charlier, Corinne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie > Chimie toxicologique
Jorens, Philippe; Université d'Anvers
Bervoets, Lieven; Université d'Anvers
Blust, Ronny; Université d'Anvers
Neels, Hugo; Université d'Anvers
Covaci, Adrian; Université d'Anvers
Language :
English
Title :
Spatial and temporal variations in the occurrence of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in waste- and surface water from Belgium and removal during wastewater treatment
Ambre J., Fischman M., and Ruo T. Urinary excretion of ecgonine methyl ester, a major metabolite of cocaine in humans. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 8 (1984) 23-25
Ambre J., Ruo T., Nelson J., and Belknap S. Urinary excretion of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in humans. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 12 (1988) 301-306
Aquafin. www.aquafin.be.
Bones J., Thomas K.V., and Paull B. Using environmental analytical data to estimate levels of community consumption of illicit drugs and abused pharmaceuticals. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 9 (2007) 701-707
Castiglioni S., Zuccato E., Crisci E., Chiabrando C., Fanelli R., and Bagnati R. Identification and measurement of illicit drugs and their metabolites in urban wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 78 (2006) 8421-8429
Castiglioni S., Bagnati R., Fanelli R., Pomati F., Calamari D., and Zuccato E. Removal of pharmaceuticals in sewage treatment plants in Italy. Environmental Science and Technology 40 (2006) 357-363
Chiaia A.C., Banta-Green C., and Field J. Eliminating solid phase extraction with large-volume injection LC/MSMS: analysis of illicit and legal drugs and human urine indicators in US wastewaters. Environmental Science and Technology 42 (2008) 8841-8848
Cone E.J., Tsadik A., Oyler J., and Darwin W.D. Cocaine metabolism and urinary excretion after different routes of administration. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 20 (1998) 556-560
Cone E.J., Sampson-Cone A.H., Darwin W.D., Huestis M.A., and Oyler J.M. Urine testing for cocaine abuse: metabolic and excretion patterns following different routes of administration and methods for detection of false-negative results. Journal Of Analytical Toxicology 27 (2003) 386-401
Dackis C.A., and O'Brien C.P. Cocaine dependence: a disease of the brain's reward centers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 21 (2001) 111-117
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 2007. The state of the drug problem in the European Union and Norway. Annual Report 2007. EMCDDA: Lisbon, Portugal. Available from: htttp://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_42156_EN_TDAC07001ENC. pdf.
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 2002. EMCDDA project CT.99.EP.08 B. Handbook for Surveys on Drug Use Among the General Population. EMCDDA: Lisbon, Portugal, August 2002. Available from: www.emcdda.europa.eu.
Frost N., Griffiths P., and Fanelli R. Peering into dirty waters: the potential and implications of a new approach to monitoring drug consumption. Addiction 103 (2008) 1239-1241
Gheorghe A., van Nuijs A., Pecceu B., Bervoets L., Jorens P.G., Blust R., Neels H., and Covaci A. Analysis of cocaine and its principal metabolites in waste and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 391 (2008) 1309-1319
Gorelick, D.A., 2008. Cocaine abuse in adults. UpToDate database version 16.1, Available from: www.uptodate.com.
Hamilton H.E., Wallace J.E., Shimek Jr. E.L., Land P., Harris S.C., and Christenson J.G. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine excretion in humans. Journal of Forensic Sciences 22 (1977) 697-707
Huerta-Fontela M., Galceran M.T., Martin-Alonso J., and Ventura F. Occurrence of psychoactive stimulatory drugs in wastewaters in north-eastern Spain. Science of the Total Environment 397 (2008) 31-40
Huerta-Fontela M., Galceran M.T., Martin-Alonso J., and Ventura F. Stimulatory drugs of abuse in surface waters and their removal in a conventional drinking water treatment plant. Environmental Science and Technology 42 (2008) 6809-6816
Joss A., Keller E., Alder A.C., Göbel A., McArdell C.S., Ternes T., and Siegrist H. Removal of pharmaceuticals and fragrances in biological waste water treatment. Water Research 39 (2005) 3139-3152
Jufer R.A., Wstadik A., Walsh S.L., Levine B.S., and Cone E.J. Elimination of cocaine and metabolites in plasma, saliva, and urine following repeated oral administration to human volunteers. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 24 (2000) 467-477
Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Dinsdale R.M., and Guwy A.J. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK. Water Research 42 (2008) 3498-3518
Kasprzyk-Hordern B., Dinsdale R.M., and Guwy A.J. The removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs during waste water treatment and its impact on the quality of receiving waters. Water Research 43 2 (2009) 363-380
Postigo C., Lopez de Alda M.J., and Barcelo D. Fully automated determination in the low nanogram per liter level of different classes of drugs of abuse in sewage water by on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 80 (2008) 3123-3134
Rothman R.B., Baumann M.H., Dersch C.M., Romero D.V., Rice K.C., Carro F.I., and Partilla J.S. Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Synapse 39 (2001) 32-41
Sloboda Z. Epidemiology of Drug Abuse. first ed. (2005), Springer, New York pp. 79-99
United Nations Office On Drugs And Crime (UNODC), 2007. Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Draft Resolution E/CN.7/2007/L.16/Rev.1. Available from: http://www.unodc.org/unodc/commissions/CND/07-reports.html.
van Nuijs A.L.N., Pecceu B., Theunis L., Dubois N., Charlier C., Jorens P.G., Bervoets L., Blust R., Neels H., and Covaci A. Cocaine and metabolites in waste and surface water across Belgium. Environmental Pollution 157 (2009) 123-129
White F.J., and Kalivas P.W. Neuroadaptations involved in amphetamine and cocaine addiction. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 51 (1998) 141-153
Zuccato E., Chiabrando C., Castiglioni S., Calamari D., Bagnati R., Schiarea S., and Fanelli R. Cocaine in surface waters: a new evidence-based tool to monitor community drug abuse. Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 4 (2005) 14-20
Zuccato E., Chiabrando C., Castiglioni S., Bagnati R., and Fanelli R. Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 116 (2008) 1027-1032
Zuccato E., Castiglioni S., Bagnati R., Chiabrando C., Grassi P., and Fanelli R. Illicit drugs, a novel group of environmental contaminants. Water Research 42 (2008) 961-968