Dual origin of Fe-Ti-P gabbros by immiscibility and fractional crystallization of evolved tholeiitic basalts in the Sept Iles layered intrusion

Namur, O.; Charlier, Bernard; Holness, M. B.

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.06.034

Article (Scientific journals)

Dual origin of Fe-Ti-P gabbros by immiscibility and fractional crystallization of evolved tholeiitic basalts in the Sept Iles layered intrusion

Namur, O.; Charlier, Bernard; Holness, M. B.

2012 • In Lithos, 154, p. 100-114

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/173801

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10.1016/j.lithos.2012.06.034

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Keywords :

Ferrogabbro; Forward model; Liquid immiscibility; Pigeonite; Silicate liquid; Unmixing

Abstract :

[en] We present a detailed study of two ca. 200m-thick apatite-bearing ferrogabbro horizons of the Sept Iles layered intrusion (Canada). These rocks are the most evolved cumulates of the megacyclic units (MCU) I and II, and mark the transition between basaltic and silicic magmatism. They are made up of plagioclase (An 55-34), olivine (Fo 66-21), clinopyroxene (Mg#75-55), ilmenite, magnetite, apatite, ±pigeonite and are a significant source of Fe-Ti-P ore. Ferrogabbros have relatively uniform bulk-rock compositions in MCU I but are bimodal in MCU II. The liquid lines of descent for major elements in equilibrium with cumulates of MCU I and II have been calculated using a forward model formalism. Both trends evolve towards SiO 2-enrichment and FeO t-depletion after saturation in Fe-Ti oxides. However, because of magma mixing in MCU II, they do not follow the same path. Evolved liquids from MCU II are shown to enter the experimentally-determined two liquid stability field, while MCU I liquids do not. Immiscibility in MCU II and its absence in MCU I are supported by the presence of contrasted reactive symplectites in cumulate rocks. Apatite-bearing ferrogabbros in MCU II have crystallized from distinct immiscible Fe-rich and Si-rich silicate melts which have physically segregated in the slow-cooling magma chamber. Two different types of cumulate rocks are thus produced: leucocratic and melanocratic gabbros. This is consistent with the presence of Si-rich and Fe-rich melt inclusions in apatite. In contrast, homogeneous ferrogabbros from MCU I were produced by simple fractional crystallization of a homogeneous liquid. Our data suggest that immiscibility could also explain the large geochemical variability of ferrogabbros in the Upper Zone of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa). © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Namur, O.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EQ Cambridge, United Kingdom

Charlier, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Pétrologie, géochimie endogènes et pétrophysique

Holness, M. B.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EQ Cambridge, United Kingdom

Title :

Dual origin of Fe-Ti-P gabbros by immiscibility and fractional crystallization of evolved tholeiitic basalts in the Sept Iles layered intrusion

Publication date :

2012

Journal title :

Lithos

ISSN :

0024-4937

Publisher :

Elsevier, Netherlands

Volume :

154

Pages :

100-114

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 12 November 2014

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