[en] Understanding the impact of pesticides in amphibians is of growing concern to assess the causes of their decline. Among pesticides, endosulfan belongs to one of the potential sources of danger because of its wide use and known effects, particularly neurotoxic, on a variety of organisms. However, the effect of endosulfan was not yet evaluated on amphibians at levels encompassing simultaneously brain neurotransmitters and behavioural endpoints. In this context, tadpoles of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis were submitted to four treatments during 27 d: one control, one ethanol control, and two low environmental concentrations of endosulfan (0.1 and 1 μg L−1). Endosulfan induced a significant increase of brain serotonin level at both concentrations and a significant increase of brain dopamine and GABA levels at the lower exposure but acetylcholinesterase activity was not modified by the treatment. The gene coding for the GABA transporter 1 was up-regulated in endosulfan contaminated tadpoles while the expression of other genes coding for the neurotransmitter receptors or for the enzymes involved in their metabolic pathways was not significantly modified by endosulfan exposure. Endosulfan also affected foraging, and locomotion in links with the results of the physiological assays, but no effects were seen on growth. These results show that low environmental concentrations of endosulfan can induce adverse responses in X. laevis tadpoles. At a broader perspective, this suggests that more research using and linking multiple markers should be used to understand the complex mode of action of pollutants.
Research Center/Unit :
AFFISH-RC - Applied and Fundamental FISH Research Center - ULiège
Preud'Homme, Valérie; Université de Namur & Université de Liège > URBO & Unité de Biologie du Comportement
Milla, Sylvain; Université de Namur > URBO
Gillardin, Virginie; Université de Namur > URBO
De Pauw, Edwin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.)
Denoël, Mathieu ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie du comportement - Ethologie et psychologie animale
Kestemont, Patrick; Université de Namur > URBO
Language :
English
Title :
Effects of low dose endosulfan exposure on brain neurotransmitter levels in the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis
Publication date :
February 2015
Journal title :
Chemosphere
ISSN :
0045-6535
eISSN :
1879-1298
Publisher :
Elsevier Science, Oxford, United Kingdom
Volume :
120
Issue :
2
Pages :
357-364
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Funders :
FRFC - Fonds de la Recherche Fondamentale Collective F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
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