[en] Images of auroral emissions at far ultraviolet (FUV, 122–200 nm) wavelengths are useful tools with which to study magnetospheric-ionospheric coupling, as the scattered sunlight background in this region is low, allowing both dayside and nightside auroras to be imaged simultaneously. The ratio of intensities between certain FUV emission lines or regions can be used to characterise the precipitating particles responsible for auroral emissions, and hence is a useful diagnostic of magnetospheric dynamics. Here, we describe how the addition of simple transmission filters to a compact broadband imager design allows far ultraviolet emission ratios to be deduced while also providing large-scale instantaneous images of the aurora. The low mass and volume of such an instrument would make it well-suited for both small satellite Earth-orbiting missions and larger outer planet missions from which it could be used to characterise the tenuous atmospheres observed at several moons, as well as studying the auroral emissions of the gas giants. We present a study to investigate the accuracy of a technique to allow emission line ratio retrieval, as applied to the OI 130.4 nm and 135.6 nm emissions at Ganymede. The ratio of these emissions provides information about the atmospheric composition, specifically the relative abundances of O and O2. Using modelled FUV spectra representative of Ganymede's atmosphere, based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), we find that the accuracy of the retrieved ratios is a function of the magnitude of the ratio, with the best measurements corresponding to a ratio of ∼1.3
.
Research center :
LiSRI - Liège Space Research Institute - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Molyneux, P.M.
Bannister, N.P.
Bunce, E.J.
Grodent, Denis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP)
Gérard, Jean-Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO)
Lapington, J.
Nichols, J.D.
Rossi, L.
Language :
English
Title :
Isolating auroral FUV emission lines using compact, broadband instrumentation
Publication date :
September 2014
Journal title :
Planetary and Space Science
ISSN :
0032-0633
Publisher :
Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science, Oxford, United Kingdom
J.M. Ajello, J. Gustin, I. Stewart, K. Larsen, L. Esposito, W. Pryor, W. McClintock, M.H. Stevens, C.P. Malone, and D. Dziczek Titan airglow spectra from the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph FUV disk analysis Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 2008
J.M. Ajello, R.A. West, J. Gustin, K. Larsen, A.I.F. Stewart, L.W. Esposito, W.E. McClintock, G.M. Holsclaw, and E.T. Bradley Cassini UVIS observations of Titan nightglow spectra J. Geophys. Res. 117 2012
C.D. Anger, S.K. Babey, A. Lyle Broadfoot, R.G. Brown, L.L. Cogger, R. Gattinger, J.W. Haslett, R.A. King, D.J. McEwen, J.S. Murphree, E.H. Richardson, B.R. Sandel, K. Smith, and A. Vallance Jones An ultraviolet auroral imager for the Viking spacecraft Geophys. Res. Lett. 14 4 1987 387 390
G.E. Ballester, H.W. Moos, P.D. Feldman, D.F. Strobel, M.E. Summers, J.-L. Bertaux, T.E. Skinner, M.C. Festou, and J.H. Lieske Detection of neutral oxygen and sulfur emissions near Io using IUE Astrophys. J. 319 1987 L33 L38
G.E. Ballester, J.T. Clarke, J.T. Trauger, W.M. Harris, K.R. Stapelfeldt, D. Crisp, R.W. Evans, E.B. Burgh, C.J. Burrows, S. Casertano, J.S. Gallagher III, R.E. Griffiths, J.J. Hester, J.G. Hoessel, J.A. Holtzman, J.E. Krist, V. Meadows, J.R. Mould, R. Sahai, P.A. Scowen, A.M. Watson, and J.A. Westphal Time-resolved observations of Jupiters far-ultraviolet aurora Science 274 1996 409 413
N.P. Bannister, E.J. Bunce, S.W.H. Cowley, R. Fairbend, G.W. Fraser, F.J. Hamilton, J.S. Lapington, J.E. Lees, M. Lester, S.E. Milan, J.F. Pearson, and R. Willingale A Wide Field Auroral Imager (WFAI) for low Earth orbit missions Ann. Geophys. 25 2007 519 532
A.L. Broadfoot, B.R. Sandel, D.E. Shemansky, J.B. Holberg, G.R. Smith, D.F. Strobel, J.C. McConnell, S. Kumar, D.M. Hunten, S.K. Atreya, T.M. Donahue, H.W. Moos, J.L. Bertaux, J.E. Blamont, R.B. Pomphrey, and S. Linick Extreme ultraviolet observations from Voyager 1 encounter with Saturn Science 212 1981 206 211
T.A. Cassidy, R.E. Johnson, M.A. McGrath, M.C. Wong, and J.F. Cooper The spatial morphology of Europas near-surface O2 atmosphere Icarus 191 2007 755 764
J.T. Clarke, J. Ajello, J. Luhmann, N. Schneider, and I. Kanik Hubble space telescope UV spectral observations of Io passing into eclipse J. Geophys. Res. 99 1994 8387 8402
A. Eviatar, D.F. Strobel, B.C. Wolven, P.D. Feldman, M.A. McGrath, and D.J. Williams Excitation of the Ganymede ultraviolet aurora Astrophys. J. 555 2001 1013 1019
P.D. Feldman, M.A. McGrath, D.F. Strobel, H.W. Moos, K.D. Retherford, and B.C. Wolven HST/STIS ultraviolet imaging of polar aurora on Ganymede Astrophys. J. 535 2000 1085 1090
J.C. Gérard, D. Grodent, R. Prangé, J.H. Waite, G.R. Gladstone, V. Dols, F. Paresce, A. Storrs, L. Ben Jaffel, and K.A. Franke A remarkable auroral event on Jupiter observed in the ultraviolet with the Hubble Space Telescope Science 266 1994 1675 16708
G.A. Germany, M.R. Torr, P.G. Richards, and D.G. Torr The dependence of modeled OI 1356 and N2 Lyman Birge Hopfield auroral emissions on the neutral atmosphere J. Geophys. Res. 95 1990 7725 7733
D. Grodent, J.-C. Gérard, A. Radioti, B. Bonfond, and A. Saglam Jupiters changing auroral location J. Geophys. Res. 113 2008
D. Grodent, B. Bonfond, A. Radioti, J.-C. Gérard, X. Jia, J.D. Nichols, and J.T. Clarke Auroral footprint of Ganymede J. Geophys. Res. 114 2009
D.A. Gurnett, W.S. Kurth, A. Roux, S.J. Bolton, and C.F. Kennel Evidence for a magnetosphere at Ganymede from plasma-wave observations by the Galileo spacecraft Nature 384 1996 535 537
D.T. Hall, D.F. Strobel, P.D. Feldman, M.A. McGrath, and H.A. Weaver Detection of an oxygen atmosphere on Jupiters moon Europa Nature 373 1995 677 679
D.T. Hall, P.D. Feldman, M.A. McGrath, and D.F. Strobel The far-ultraviolet oxygen airglow of Europa and Ganymede Astrophys. J. 499 1998 475 481
P.B. Hays, R.A. Jones, and M.H. Rees Auroral heating and the composition of the neutral atmosphere Planet. Space Sci. 21 1973 559 573
M.G. Kivelson, K.K. Khurana, C.T. Russell, R.J. Walker, J. Warnecke, F.V. Coroniti, C. Polanskey, D.J. Southwood, and G. Schubert Discovery of Ganymedes magnetic field by the Galileo spacecraft Nature 384 1996 537 541
M.G. Kivelson, K.K. Khurana, F.V. Coroniti, S. Joy, C.T. Russell, R.J. Walker, J. Warnecke, L. Bennett, and C. Polanskey The magnetic field and magnetosphere of Ganymede Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 17 1997 2155 2158
M.G. Kivelson, J. Warnecke, L. Bennett, S. Joy, K.K. Khurana, J.A. Linker, C.T. Russell, R.J. Walker, and C. Polanskey Ganymedes magnetosphere magnetometer overview J. Geophys. Res. 103 E9 1998 19963 19972
O.P. Makarov, I. Kanik, and J.M. Ajello Electron impact dissociative excitation of O2 1. Kinetic energy distributions of fast oxygen atoms J. Geophys. Res. 108 2003
M.L. Marconi A kinetic model of Ganymedes atmosphere Icarus 190 2007 155 174
N.J. Mason, and W.R. Newell Electron impact dissociation of O2 J. Phys. B. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 23 1990 4641 4653
H.G. Mayr, and H. Volland Magnetic storm effects in the neutral composition Planet. Space Sci. 20 1972 379 393
W.E. McClintock, G.J. Rottman, and T.N. Woods Solar-stellar irradiance comparison experiment II (SOLSTICE II): instrument concept and design G. Rottman, T. Woods, V. George, The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) 2005 Springer New York 225 258
M.A. McGrath, E. Lellouch, D.F. Strobel, P.D. Feldman, and R.E. Johnson Satellite atmospheres F. Bagenal, T. Dowling, W. McKinnon, Jupiter - the Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere 2004 Cambridge University Press Cambridge (Chapter 19)
M.A. McGrath, C. Hansen, and A. Hendrix Observations of Europas tenuous atmosphere R. Pappalardo, W. McKinnon, K. Khurana, Europa 2009 University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona
M.A. McGrath, X. Jia, K. Retherford, P.D. Feldman, D.F. Strobel, and J. Saur Aurora on ganymede J. Geophys. Res. 118 2013 1 12
S.B. Mende, H. Heetderks, H.U. Frey, J.M. Stock, M. Lampton, S.P. Geller, R. Abiad, O.H.W. Siegmund, S. Habraken, E. Renotte, C. Jamar, P. Rochus, J.-C. Gérard, R. Sigler, and H. Lauche Far ultraviolet imaging from the IMAGE spacecraft. 3. Spectral imaging of Lyman-α and OI 135.6 nm Space Sci. Rev. 91 2000 287 318
J.S. Murphree, R.A. King, T. Payne, K. Smith, D. Reid, J. Adema, B. Gordon, and R. Wlochowicz The Freja ultraviolet imager Space Sci. Rev. 70 1994 421 446
R. Prangé, D. Rego, L. Pallier, J.E.P. Connerney, P. Zarka, and J. Queinnec Detailed study of FUV Jovian auroral features with the post-COSTAR HST faint object camera J. Geophys. Res. 103 E9 1998 20195 20215
F.L. Roesler, H.W. Moos, R.J. Oliversen, R.C. Woodward Jr, K.D. Retherford, F. Scherb, M.A. McGrath, W.H. Smyth, P.D. Feldman, and D.F. Strobel Far-ultraviolet imaging of Ios atmosphere with HST/STIS Science 283 1999 353 357
L. Roth, J. Saur, K.D. Retherford, D.F. Strobel, P.D. Feldman, M.A. McGrath, and F. Nimmo Transient water vapor at Europas south pole Science 343 2014 171 174
G.J. Rottman, T.N. Woods, and T.P. Sparn Solar-stellar irradiance comparison experiment 1 1. Instrument design and operation J. Geophys. Res. 98 1993 10667 10677
J. Saur, P.D. Feldman, L. Roth, F. Nimmo, D.F. Strobel, K.D. Retherford, M.A. McGrath, N. Schilling, J.-C. Gèrard, and D. Grodent Hubble space telescope/advanced camera for surveys observations of Europas atmospheric ultraviolet emission at eastern elongation Astrophys. J. 738 2011
A.J. Steffl, F. Bagenal, and A.I.F. Stewart Cassini UVIS observations of the Io plasma torus. 2. Radial variations Icarus 172 2004 91 103
M.H. Stevens, J. Gustin, J.M. Ajello, J.S. Evans, R.R. Meier, A.J. Kochenash, A.W. Stephan, A.I.F. Stewart, L.W. Esposito, W.E. McClintock, G. Holsclaw, E.T. Bradley, B.R. Lewis, and A.N. Heays The production of Titans ultraviolet nitrogen airglow J. Geophys. Res. 116 2011
D.F. Strobel, and D.E. Shemansky EUV emission from Titans upper atmosphere voyager 1 encounter J. Geophys. Res. 87 1982 1361 1368
D.F. Strobel, R.R. Meiers, M.E. Summers, and D.J. Strickland Nitrogen airglow sources comparison of Triton, Titan and Earth Geophys. Res. Lett. 18 1991 689 692
D.F. Strobel, J. Saur, P.D. Feldman, and M.A. McGrath Hubble space telescope space telescope imaging spectrograph search for an atmosphere on callisto a jovian unipolar inductor Astrophys. J. 581 2002 L51 L54
M.R. Torr, D.G. Torr, M. Zukic, R.B. Johnson, J. Ajello, P. Banks, K. Clark, K. Cole, C. Keffer, G. Parks, B. Tsurutani, and J. Spann A far ultraviolet imager for the international solar-terrestrial physics mission Space Sci. Rev. 71 1995 329 383
J.H. Waite Jr.; G.R. Gladstone, W.S. Lewis, R. Goldstein, D.J. McComas, P. Riley, R.J. Walker, P. Robertson, S. Desai, J.T. Clarke, and D.T. Young An auroral flare at jupiter Nature 410 2001 787 789
Walsh, J.R.; 1997. Extraction of point source spectra from STIS. In: 1997 HST Calibration Workshop, pp. 156-160.
W.L. Wiese, J.R. Fuhr, and T.M. Deters Atomic Transition Properties of Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen - A Critical Data Compilation 1996 AIP Press, New York
D.J. Williams, B.H. Mauk, R.W. McEntire, E.C. Roelof, T.P. Armstrong, B. Wilken, J.G. Roederer, S.M. Krimgris, T.A. Fritz, L.J. Lanzerotti, and N. Murphy Energetic particle signatures at ganymede Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 1997 2163 2166
M. Zastrow, J.T. Clarke, A.R. Hendrix, and K.S. Noll UV spectrum of Enceladus Icarus 220 2012 29 35
M. Zukic, D.G. Torr, J. Kim, J.F. Spann, and M.R. Torr Filters for the international solar terrestrial physics mission far-ultraviolet imager Opt. Eng. 32 1993 3069 3074