[en] The fossils which De Koninck described and illustrated as members of the molluscan Class Scaphopoda have been reexamined. For the first time, photographs of these specimens are presented. Scaphopod shells show only a limited number of morphologic features and for most of these species, the details are lacking which would indicate that the fossils belong undoubtedly in the Scaphopoda. The study suggests that most of the named species may not be Scaphopoda; these species are assigned to informal groupings, ranging from Incertae sedis, through "worm tubes" to "probably Scaphopoda". Only one specimen may be identified without question as a member of the scaphopods.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Godefroid, Jacques
Mottequin, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Paléontologie animale et humaine
Yochelson, Ellis
Language :
English
Title :
Restudy of the Lower Carboniferous Scaphopoda described by De Koninck (1843, 1883)
Publication date :
2006
Journal title :
Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la Terre
ISSN :
0374-6291
Publisher :
Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Belgium
Broderip, W.J. & Sowerby, G.B., 1830. Observations on new or interesting Mollusca, contained for the most part, in the Museum of the Zoological Society (to be continued). Zoological Journal of London, 5: 46-51.
Bronn H.G., 1862 [in 1862-1866]. Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Word und Bild. Dritter Band, Malacozoa. Erste Abtheilung. C.F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1500 pp., 136 pls. [1862: pp. 523-650, p1s. 45-49].
Conil, R., 1968. Le calcaire carbonifère depuis le Tnla jusqu'au V2a. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, Bulletins, 90: 687-726.
Conil, R., Groessens, E., Laloux, M. & Poty, E., 1989. La limite Tournaisien/Viséen dans la région-type. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 112 (1): 177-189.
Conil, R., Pirlet H. & Lys, M. avec la collaboration de Legrand, R., Streel, M., Bouckaert, J. & Thorez, J., 1967. Echelle biostratigraphique du Dinantien de Belgique. Service géologique de Belgique, Professional Paper, 1967, 13: 1-56.
Cramer, R., 1914. Die Untercarbonfauna von Gaablau in Nieder-Schlesien. Jahrbuch der königlich Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, 33 (1): 40-72.
Da Costa, E.M., 1776. Elements of Conchology, or an Introduction to the knowledge of shells. B. White, London, 319 p., 6 pls.
Dehantschutter, J.A. & Lees, A., 1996. Waulsortian buildups of Waulsort, Belgium. Geological Journal, 31: 123-142.
de Koninck, L., 1842-1844. Descriptions des animaux fossiles, qui se trouvent dans le terrain carbonifère de Belgique. Texte: 650 pp.; Planches: A-H, 1-53. Imprimerie H. Dessain, Liège. (This work was issued separately in a series of fascicles; the part containing the fossils discussed was issued in 1843 and this is the date cited in the text).
de Koninck, L.-G., 1880. Faune du Calcaire Carbonifère de la Belgique. Deuxième partie. Genres: Gyroceras, Cyrtoceras, Gomphoceras, Orthoceras, Subclymenia et Goniatites. Annales du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, série paléontologique, 5. Texte: 133 pp.; Atlas: p1s. 32-50.
de Koninck, L.-G., 1883. Faune du Calcaire Carbonifère de la Belgique. Quatrième partie. Gastéropodes (suite et fin). Annales du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, série paléontologique, 8. Texte: pp.; Atlas: pls. 22-54.
Delepine, G., 1940. Les Goniatites du Dinantien de la Belgique. Mémoires du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 91: 1-91.
Demanet, F., 1923. Le Waulsortien de Sosoye et ses rapports fauniques avec le Waulsortien d'âge tournaisien supérieur. Mémoires de l'Institut géologique de l'Université de Louvain, 2: 37-285.
Demanet, F., 1958. Contribution à l'étude du Tournaisien de la Belgique. Mémoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, 141: 1-152.
de Ryckholt, P., 1847. Mélanges paléontologiques. Académie royale de Belgique, Mémoires couronnés et mémoires des savants étrangers, 24: 1-176.
Emerson W.K., 1962. A classification of the seaphapod mollusks. Journal of Paleontology, 36: 461-482.
Engeser, T. & Riedel, F., 1996. The evolution of the Scaphopoda and its implications from the systematics of the Rostroconchia (Mollusca). Mitteilungen Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universitaet Hamburg, 79: 117-138.
Garwood, W., 1931. The Tuedian beds of northern Cumberland and Roxburghshire east of Liddel Water. Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, 87 (1): 97-158.
Goldfuss, A., 1841-1844. Petrefacta Germaniae et ea quae in museo universitatis regiae borussicae Fridericiae Wilhelmiae rhenanae sevantur et alia quaecunque in museis hoeninghausiano, muensteriano aliisque exstant, iconibus et descriptionibus illustrata. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Petrefacten Deutschlands und der angränzenden Länder, unter Mitwerkung des Herm Grafen Georg zu Münster. Theil 3: 1-20, pl. 166-171 (1841); 21-28, pl. 172-195 (1844); I-IV, 29-128, pl. 196-200 (1844) (dates according to Quenstedt, W., Fossilium Catalogus, I: Animalia, Pars 102: 9-18).
Habe, T., 1964. Fauna Japonica - Scaphopoda (Mollusca). Biogeographical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, 59 pp.
Kiselev, G.N., 2001. O Prirode i sistematicheskoy prinadlezhnosti Dentalium. acus Eichwald, 1860 iz otlozheniy nizhnegosrednogo Ordovika yuzhogo prilodozn'ya. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta Seriya 7, Geologiya Geografiya, 4 (31): 89-91, 116. [In Russian].
Kittl, E.A.L., 1903. Die Geologie der Umgebung Sarajevos. Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt, 53: 515-748.
Leyh, C.F., 1897. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Paläozoicum der Umgegend von Hof am Saale. Zeitschrift der deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 49: 504-560.
Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii. Stockholm. 824 pp.
Ludbrook, N., 1960. Scaphopoda. In: Moore, R.C. (editor), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, volume 1, Mollusca, 1, pp. 137-147. The Geological Society of America, Inc. and the University of Kansas Press.
Metcalf, I., Paproth, E., Roberts, J. & Remane, J., 2000. Carboniferous. In: Explanatory note to the international stratigraphic chart, pp. 5-7. International Union of Geological Sciences.
Palmer, C.P., 2001. Dentalium giganteum Phillips: a serpulid worm tube. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 53 (3): 253-255.
Palmer, C.P., Boyd, D.W. & Yochelson, E.L., 2004. The Wyoming Jurassic fossil Dentalium subquadratum Meek, 1860 in not a scaphopod but a serpulid worm tube. Rocky Mountain Geology, 39 (2): 85-91.
Palmer, P., 1975. A new Jurassic scaphopod from the Oxford Clay of Buckinghamshire. Palaeontology, 18: 377-383.
Paproth, E. et al. (33 authors), 1983. Bio- and lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Dinantian in Belgium, a review. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 106 (2): 185-239.
Pilsbry, H.S. & Sharp, B., 1897-1898. Manual of Conchology-Structural and Systematic. Volume 17. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. (The manual was issued in parts. For volume 17, parts 65 and 66 came out in 1897; parts 67, 68, and 65a came out in 1898, and this is the date cited in the text).
Pojeta, J., Jr. & Runnergar, B., 1979. Rhytiodentalium kentuckyensis, a new genus and new species. of Ordavician scaphopod, and the early history of scaphopod mollusks. Journal of Paleontology, 53: 530-541.
Pojeta, J., Jr. & Runnergar, B., 1985, The early evolution of the diasome mollusks: 295-336. In: Wilbur, K.M. (editor) The Mollusca, volume 10, pp. 295-336. Academic Press, New York.
Poty, E., 1981. Recherches sur les tétracoralliaires et les hétérocoralliaires du Viséen de la Belgique. Mededelingen Rijksgeologische Dienst, 35 (1): 1-161.
Poty, E, Hance, L, Lees, A. & Hennebert, M., 2002. Dinantian lithostratigraphic units (Belgium). Geologica Belgica, 4 (1-2): 69-93.
Quenstedt, F. [1881]-1884. Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 1. Abteilung 7. Band Gastropoden, 867 pp. [As with many compilations of this era, it was published in parts, and the date often cited is that of the entire volume].
Rakusz, G., 1932. Die oberkarbonischen Fossilien von Dobsina (Dubsina) Nagyvisnyó. Geologica Hungarica, Paleontological series, 8: 1-233.
Reed, F.R.C., 1925. Upper Carboniferous fossil from Chitral and the Pamirs. Palaeontologica Indica, new series, 6 (4): 1-154.
Reynolds, P.D., 2002, The Scaphopoda. Advances in Marine Biology, 42: 139-236.
Sartenaer, P. & Plodowski, G., 1996. Restatement of the Late Tournaisian Spirifer Tornacensis de Koninck, 1883 on the base of the original collection. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 66: 53-71.
Sherborn, C.D. Index Animalium. Part VI. Index. Ceyl.-Concolor. pp. 1197-1452 (1925). Part XII. haani-implicatus. pp. 2881-3130 (1927). Part XVIII. o-nigrum-pallens. pp. 4451-4690 (1929). Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, London.
Steiner, G., 1992. Phylogeny and classification of the Scaphopoda. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 58: 385-400.
Steiner, G. & Dreyer, H., 2003. Molecular phylogeny of Scaphopoda (Mollusca) inferred from 18S rDNA sequences: support for a Scaphopoda-Cephalopoda clade. Zoologica Scripta, 32: 343-356.
Steiner, G. & Kabat, A.R., 2001. Catalogue of supraspecific taxa of Scaphopoda (Mollusca). Zoosystema, 23 (3): 433-460.
Steiner, G. & Kabat, A.R., 2004. Catalogue of species-group names of Recent and fossil Scaphopoda (Mollusca). Zoosystema, 26 (4): 549-726.
Wagner, R.H. & Winkler Prins, C.F. 1994. General overview of Carboniferous stratigraphy. Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique, 116 (1): 163-174.
Wang, H.J., 1987. Molluscs from the Lower Carboniferous Bojwiwan Formation of Weining, Guizhou. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 26: 319-322. [in Chinese].
Wang, H.J., 1988. Dentalium (Antalis) acumen (Koninck) in China: correction. Journal of Paleontology, 62: 472.
Waterhouse, J.B., 1980. Scaphopod, gastropod and rostroconch species from the Permian of New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 10 (2): 195-214.
Yochelson;, E.L., 1956. Permian Gastropoda of the Southwestern United States: Part 1 - Euomphalacea, Trochonematacea, Pseudophoracea, Anomphalacea, Craspedostomatacea, and Platyceratacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 110 (3): 173-260.
Yochelson, E.L., 1968. On the nature of Polylopia. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 593-F: F1-F7.
Yochelson, E.L., 1978. An alternative approach to the interpretation of the phylogeny of ancient mollusks. Malacologia, 17: 165-191.
Yochelson, E.L., 2002. Restudy and reassignment of Dentalium antiquum Goldfuss (Middle Devonian). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 76 (2): 297-304.
Yochelson, E.L., 2004. The record of the early "Scaphopoda" (Mollusca) reevaluated. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, 106A: 13-31.
Yochelson. E.L. & Goodison, R., 1999. Devonian Dentalium martini Whitfield, 1882, is not a mollusk but a worm. Journal of Paleontology, 73: 634-640.
Yochelson, E.L. & Saunders, B.W., 1967. A bibliographic index of North American Late Palaeozoic Hyolitha, Amphineura, Scaphopoda, and Gastropoda. U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin, 1210, 271 pp.
Young, J.A. Jr., 1942 Pennsylvanian Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda from New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 16: 120-125.