L'herpèsvirus alcélaphin 1, l'agent responsable de la forme africaine du coryza gangreneux

Dewals, Benjamin G; Boudry, Christel; Markine-Goriaynoff, Nicolas; Desmecht, Daniel; Pastoret, Paul-Pierre; Vanderplasschen, Alain

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L'herpèsvirus alcélaphin 1, l'agent responsable de la forme africaine du coryza gangreneux

Dewals, Benjamin G; Boudry, Christel; Markine-Goriaynoff, Nicolas et al.

2003 • In Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire, 147 (1, FEB-MAR), p. 1-15

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Keywords :

herpesvirus; alcélaphine; coryza

Abstract :

[en] Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a pathology usually lethal which has been described in a large number of ruminant species. Based on the etiology, two main forms of MCF have been described, i.e., the European and the African forms due to ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1), respectively. The present review is devoted to the African form of MCF and to its causative agent AlHV-1. AlHV-1 belongs to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily of the Herpesviridae family. Wildebeests (Connochaetes spp) carry AlHV-1, which is lethal for a large number of ruminant species, while apparently harmless to its natural host. In hosts susceptible to MCF, the pathology is characterized by fever, extensive lymphadenopathy, ulcerative lesions of the digestive and the upper respiratory tracts mucous membranes and severe keratoconjunctivitis. In the present paper, we will review the data available to date on AlHV-1 and on the African form of MCF with emphasis on the pathogenesis, clinical signs and anatomo-pathological lesions of MCF. Finally, we will discuss the relationship between AlHV-1 and wildebeest as an example of symbiosis between a virus and its natural host.
[fr] Le coryza gangreneux est une entité clinique le plus souvent mortelle atteignant un grand nombre d'espèces de ruminants. Sur base de l'étiologie, deux formes de coryza gangreneux ont été décrites, la forme européenne et la forme africaine dues respectivement à l'herpèsvirus ovin 2 (OvHV-2) et à l'herpèsvirus alcélaphin 1 (AIHV-1). Cette revue est consacrée à la forme africaine du coryza gangreneux et à son agent causal, l'AIHV-1. L'AIHV-1 est un herpèsvirus appartenant à la sous-famille des Gammaherpesvirinae. Alors qu'il n'induit aucune pathologie chez son hôte naturel, le gnou (Connochaetes spp.), l'AIHV-1 induit chez un grand nombre d'espèces de ruminànts une pathologie mortelle caractérisée par de la fièvre, une lymphadénopathie généralisée, des lésions ulcéreuses des muqueuses digestives et respiratoires antérieures, et de la kératoconjonctivite sévère. Dans cette revue, nous présentons les connaissances actuelles sur l'AIHV-1 et sur la forme africaine du coryza gangreneux en insistant particulièrement sur la pathogénie, les signes cliniques et les lésions anatomo-pathologiques. Enfin, l'association AIHV-1/gnou sera discutée en tant qu'exemple de symbiose entre un virus et son hôte naturel.

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

Dewals, Benjamin G ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie

Boudry, Christel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie

Markine-Goriaynoff, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie

Desmecht, Daniel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de morphologie et pathologie > Pathologie spéciale et autopsies

Pastoret, Paul-Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires

Vanderplasschen, Alain ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Immunologie et vaccinologie

Language :

French

Title :

L'herpèsvirus alcélaphin 1, l'agent responsable de la forme africaine du coryza gangreneux

Publication date :

2003

Journal title :

Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire

ISSN :

0003-4118

eISSN :

1781-3875

Publisher :

ULg - Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium

Volume :

147

Issue :

1, FEB-MAR

Pages :

1-15

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique

Available on ORBi :

since 17 November 2010

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