2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology.
Kolh, Philippe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie générales, humaines et path.
Lancellotti, Patrizio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Imagerie cardiaque fonctionnelle par échographie
Language :
English
Title :
2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology.
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, Caso P, Dudek D, Gielen S, Huber K, Ohman M, Petrie MC, Sonntag F, Uva MS, Storey RF, Wijns W, Zahger D, Bax JJ, Auricchio A, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Poldermans D, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Torbicki A, Vahanian A, Windecker S, Achenbach S, Badimon L, Bertrand M, Botker HE, Collet JP, Crea F, Danchin N, Falk E, Goudevenos J, Gulba D, Hambrecht R, Herrmann J, Kastrati A, Kjeldsen K, Kristensen SD, Lancellotti P, Mehilli J, Merkely B, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Neyses L, Perk J, Roffi M,RomeoF, Ruda M, Swahn E, Valgimigli M, Vrints CJ, Widimsky P.ESCGuidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011;32:2999-3054.
Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, Benjamin EJ, Budoff MJ, Fayad ZA, Foster E, Hlatky MA, Hodgson JM, Kushner FG, Lauer MS, Shaw LJ, Smith SC Jr., Taylor AJ, Weintraub WS, Wenger NK, Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Albert N, Buller CE, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Guyton RA, Halperin JL, Hochman JS, Nishimura R, Ohman EM, Page RL, Stevenson WG, Tarkington LG, Yancy CW. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: A report of the American college of cardiology Foundation/American heart association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:e50-e103.
Fox K, GarciaMA, Ardissino D, Buszman P, Camici PG, Crea F, Daly C,DeBacker G, Hjemdahl P, Lopez-Sendon J, Marco J, Morais J, Pepper J, Sechtem U, Simoons M, Thygesen K, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Camm J, Dean V, Deckers J, Dickstein K, Lekakis J, McGregor K, Metra M, Morais J, Osterspey A, Tamargo J, Zamorano JL. Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: Executive summary: The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1341-1381.
Gibbons RJ, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Douglas JS, Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Grunwald MA, Levy D, Lytle BW, O?Rourke RA, Schafer WP, Williams SV, Ritchie JL, Cheitlin MD, Eagle KA, Gardner TJ, Garson A Jr. Russell RO, Ryan TJ, Smith SC Jr. ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:2092-2197.
Campeau L. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris revisited 30 years later. Can J Cardiol 2002;18:371-379.
Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey De J., Chavey WE 2nd, Fesmire FM, Hochman JS, Levin TN, Lincoff AM, Peterson ED, Theroux P, Wenger NK, Wright RS, Smith SC Jr., Jacobs AK, Halperin JL, Hunt SA, Krumholz HM, Kushner FG, Lytle BW, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:e1-e157.
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2551-2567.
Ndrepepa G, Braun S, Mehilli J, Birkmeier KA, Byrne RA, Ott I, Hosl K, Schulz S, Fusaro M, Pache J, Hausleiter J, Laugwitz KL, Massberg S, Seyfarth M, Schomig A, Kastrati A. Prognostic value of sensitive troponin T in patients with stable and unstable angina and undetectable conventional troponin. Am Heart J 2011;161: 68-75.
Omland T, De Lemos JA, Sabatine MS, Christophi CA, Rice MM, Jablonski KA, Tjora S, Domanski MJ, Gersh BJ, Rouleau JL, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. A sensitive cardiac troponin T assay in stable coronary artery disease. N Eng J Med 2009; 361:2538-2547.
Crea F. Chronic ischaemic heart disease. In. ESC textbook of cardiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
Crea F, Pupita G, Galassi AR, el-Tamimi H, Kaski JC, Davies G, Maseri A. Role of adenosine in pathogenesis of anginal pain. Circulation 1990;81:164-172.
Rose GA, Blackburn H. Cardiovascular survey methods. Monogr Ser World Health Organ 1968;56:1-188.
National Institutes of Health NH, Lung, and Blood Institute. Morbidity & Mortality: 2012 Chart Book on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2012.
Reis SE, Holubkov R, Conrad Smith AJ, Kelsey SF, Sharaf BL, Reichek N, Rogers WJ, Merz CN, Sopko G, Pepine CJ. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: Results from the NHLBI WISE study. Am Heart J 2001;141:735-741.
Han SH, Bae JH, Holmes DR Jr., Lennon RJ, Eeckhout E, Barsness GW, Rihal CS, Lerman A. Sex differences in atheroma burden and endothelial function in patients with early coronary atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1359-1369.
HemingwayH, McCallum A, Shipley M, Manderbacka K, Martikainen P, Keskimaki I. Incidence and prognostic implications of stable angina pectoris among women and men. JAMA 2006;295:1404-1411.
Ducimetiere P, Ruidavets JB, Montaye M, Haas B, Yarnell J. Five-year incidence of angina pectoris and other forms of coronary heart disease in healthy men aged 50-59 in France and Northern Ireland: The Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) Study. Int J Epidemiol 2001;30:1057-1062.
Roger VL,GoAS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, BravataDM, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Makuc DM, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, Moy CS, Mozaffarian D, Mussolino ME, Nichol G, Paynter NP, Soliman EZ, Sorlie PD, Sotoodehnia N, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics: 2012 update: A report from the american heart association. Circulation 2012;125: E2-e220.
Ong P, Athanasiadis A, Borgulya G, Mahrholdt H, Kaski JC, Sechtem U. High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA Study (AbnormalCOronaryVAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:655-662.
KittaY, Obata JE, NakamuraT, Hirano M, KodamaY, Fujioka D, Saito Y, Kawabata K, Sano K, Kobayashi T, Yano T, Nakamura K, Kugiyama K. Persistent impairment of endothelial vasomotor function has a negative impact on outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:323-330.
Gulati M, Cooper-DeHoff RM, McClure C, Johnson BD, Shaw LJ, Handberg EM, Zineh I, Kelsey SF, Arnsdorf MF, Black HR, Pepine CJ, Merz CN. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with nonobstructive coronary artery disease: A report from the Women'S Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women Take Heart Project. Arch Intern Med 2009;169843-850.
Jespersen L, Hvelplund A, Abildstrom SZ, Pedersen F, Galatius S, Madsen JK, Jorgensen E, Kelbaek H, Prescott E. Stable angina pectoris with no obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events. Eur Heart J 2012;33:734-744.
Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, Knudtson M, Dada M, Casperson P, Harris CL, Chaitman BR, Shaw L, Gosselin G, Nawaz S, Title LM, Gau G, Blaustein AS, Booth DC, Bates ER, Spertus JA, Berman DS, Mancini GB, Weintraub WS. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease.NEng JMed 2007;356:1503-1516.
Chung SC, Hlatky MA, Faxon D, Ramanathan K, Adler D, Mooradian A, Rihal C, Stone RA, Bromberger JT, Kelsey SF, Brooks MM. The effect of age on clinical outcomes and health status BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes). J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:810-819.
Frye RL, August P, BrooksMM,Hardison RM, Kelsey SF, MacGregor JM, Orchard TJ, Chaitman BR, Genuth SM, Goldberg SH, Hlatky MA, Jones TL, Molitch ME, NestoRW, Sako EY, Sobel BE. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Eng J Med 2009;360:2503-2515.
Henderson RA, Pocock SJ, Clayton TC, Knight R, Fox KA, Julian DG, Chamberlain DA. Seven-year outcome in the RITA-2 trial: Coronary angioplasty versus medical therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1161-1170.
Poole-Wilson PA, Lubsen J, Kirwan BA, Van Dalen FJ, Wagener G, Danchin N, Just H, Fox KA, Pocock SJ, Clayton TC, Motro M, Parker JD, Bourassa MG, Dart AM, Hildebrandt P, Hjalmarson A, Kragten JA, Molhoek GP, Otterstad JE, Seabra-Gomes R, Soler-Soler J,Weber S. Effect of long-acting nifedipine on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in patients with stable angina requiring treatment (ACTION trial): Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:849-857.
Steg PG, Greenlaw N, Tardif JC, Tendera M, Ford I, Kaab S, Abergel H, Fox KM, Ferrari R.Women and men with stable coronary artery disease have similar clinical outcomes: Insights from the international prospectiveCLARIFY registry. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2831-2840.
Daly CA, De Stavola B, Sendon JL, Tavazzi L, Boersma E, Clemens F, Danchin N, Delahaye F, Gitt A, Julian D, Mulcahy D, Ruzyllo W, Thygesen K, Verheugt F, Fox KM. Predicting prognosis in stable angina: Results from the Euro heart survey of stable angina: Prospective observational study. BMJ 2006;332:262-267.
Steg PG, Bhatt DL, Wilson PW, D'Agostino R Sr., Ohman EM, Rother J, Liau CS, Hirsch AT, Mas JL, Ikeda Y, Pencina MJ, Goto S. One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis. JAMA 2007;297:1197-1206.
Bayturan O, Kapadia S, Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Shao M, Uno K, Shreevatsa A, Lavoie AJ,Wolski K, Schoenhagen P, Nissen SE. Clinical predictors of plaque progression despite very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2736-2742.
Chhatriwalla AK, Nicholls SJ, Wang TH, Wolski K, Sipahi I, Crowe T, Schoenhagen P, Kapadia S, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE. Lowlevels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1110-1115.
Kronmal RA, McClelland RL, Detrano R, Shea S, Lima JA, Cushman M, Bild DE, Burke GL. Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 2007;115:2722-2730.
Nicholls SJ, Hsu A, Wolski K, Hu B, Bayturan O, Lavoie A, Uno K, Tuzcu EM, Nissen SE. Intravascular ultrasound-derived measures of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and clinical outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:2399-2407.
Pekkanen J, Linn S, Heiss G, Suchindran CM, Leon A, Rifkind BM, Tyroler HA. Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease. N Eng J Med 1990;322:1700-1707.
Bayturan O, Tuzcu EM, Uno K, Lavoie AJ, Hu T, Shreevatsa A, Wolski K, Schoenhagen P, Kapadia S, Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ. Comparison of rates of progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus versus those with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:1735-1739.
Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H, Graham I, Reiner Z, Verschuren M, Albus C, Benlian P, Boysen G, Cifkova R, Deaton C, Ebrahim S, Fisher M, Germano G, Hobbs R, Hoes A, Karadeniz S, Mezzani A, Prescott E, Ryden L, Scherer M, Syvanne M, Scholte Op Reimer WJ, Vrints C, Wood D, Zamorano JL, Zannad F, Cooney MT, Bax J, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Fagard R, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Popescu BA, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vahanian A, Windecker S, Aboyans V, Ezquerra EA, Baigent C, Brotons C, Burell G, Ceriello A, De Sutter J, Deckers J, Del Prato S, Diener HC, Fitzsimons D, Fras Z, Hambrecht R, Jankowski P, Keil U, Kirby M, Larsen ML, Mancia G, Manolis AJ, McMurray J, Pajak A, Parkhomenko A, Rallidis L, Rigo F, Rocha E, Ruilope LM, Van Der Velde E, Vanuzzo D, Viigimaa M, Volpe M, Wiklund O,Wolpert C. European Guidelines oncardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 2012;33: 1635-1701.
Frey P, Waters DD, DeMicco DA, Breazna A, Samuels L, Pipe A, Wun CC, BenowitzNL. Impact ofsmoking on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease receiving contemporary medical therapy (from the Treating to New Targets [TNT] and the Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering [IDEAL] trials). Am J Cardiol 2011;107:145-150.
Otaki Y, Gransar H, Berman DS, Cheng VY, Dey D, Lin FY, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah M, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Callister TQ, Chang HJ, Chinnaiyan K, Chow BJ, Delago A, Hadamitzky M, Hausleiter J, Kaufmann P, Maffei E, Raff G, Shaw LJ, Villines TC, Dunning A, Min JK. Impact of family history of coronary artery disease in young individuals (from the CONFIRM registry). Am J Cardiol 2013;111:1081-1086.
Nicholls SJ, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Chapman MJ, Erbel RM, Libby P, Raichlen JS, Uno K, Borgman M,Wolski K, Nissen SE. Effect of two intensive statin regimens on progression of coronary disease. N Eng J Med 2011;365:2078-2087.
Mock MB, Ringqvist I, Fisher LD, Davis KB, Chaitman BR, Kouchoukos NT, Kaiser GC, Alderman E, Ryan TJ, RussellROJr., Mullin S, Fray D, KillipT3rd. Survival of medically treated patients in the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) registry. Circulation 1982;66:562-568.
Harris PJ, Harrell FE Jr., Lee KL, Behar VS, Rosati RA. Survival in medically treated coronary artery disease. Circulation 1979;60:1259-1269.
Diaz A, BourassaMG, Guertin MC, Tardif JC. Long-term prognostic value of resting heart rate in patients with suspected or proven coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2005;26:967-974.
Califf RM, Armstrong PW, Carver JR, D?Agostino RB, Strauss WE. 27th Bethesda Conference: Matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. Task Force Stratification of patients into high, medium and low risk subgroups for purposes of risk factor management. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1007-1019.
Califf RM, Mark DB, Harrell FE Jr., Hlatky MA, Lee KL, Rosati RA, Pryor DB. Importance of clinical measures of ischemia in the prognosis of patients with documented coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;11:20-26.
Ladwig KH, Roll G, Breithardt G, Budde T, Borggrefe M. Post-infarction depression and incomplete recovery 6 months after acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1994; 343:20-23.
Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Talajic M. Depression following myocardial infarction. Impact on 6-month survival. JAMA 1993;270:1819-1825.
Amsterdam EA, Kirk JD, Bluemke DA, Diercks D, Farkouh ME, Garvey JL, Kontos MC, McCord J, Miller TD, Morise A, Newby LK, Ruberg FL, Scordo KA, Thompson PD. Testing of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: A scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation 2010;122:1756-1776.
Lockie TP, Rolandi MC, Guilcher A, Perera D, De Silva K, Williams R, Asrress KN, Patel K, Plein S, Chowienczyk P, Siebes M, Redwood SR, Marber MS. Synergistic adaptations to exercise in the systemic and coronary circulations that underlie the warm-up angina phenomenon. Circulation 2012;126:2565-2574.
Diamond GA.Aclinically relevant classification of chest discomfort. JAmColl Cardiol 1983;1:574-575.
Lanza GA, Sestito A, Sgueglia GA, Infusino F, Manolfi M, Crea F, Maseri A. Current clinical features, diagnostic assessment and prognostic determinants of patients with variant angina. Int J Cardiol 2007;118:41-47.
Lanza GA, Crea F. Primary coronary microvascular dysfunction: Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management. Circulation 2010;121:2317-2325.
Campeau L. Letter: Grading of angina pectoris. Circulation 1976;54:522-523.
Boesner S, Haasenritter J, Becker A, Karatolios K, Vaucher P, Gencer B, Herzig L, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Schaefer JR, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sonnichsen AC, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N. Ruling out coronary artery disease in primary care: Development and validation of a simple prediction rule. CMAJ 2010;182: 1295-1300.
Boesner S, Becker A, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sonnichsen AC, Haasenritter J, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N. Accuracy of symptoms and signs for coronary heart disease assessed in primary care. Br J Gen Pract 2010; 60:e246-e257.
Madjid M, Fatemi O. Components of the complete blood count as risk predictors for coronary heart disease: In-depth review and update. Tex Heart Inst J 2013;40: 17-29.
Ryden L. ESC Guideline diabetes 2013. Eur Heart J 2013.
Bartnik M, Ryden L, MalmbergK, Ohrvik J, Pyorala K, Standl E, Ferrari R, Simoons M, Soler-Soler J, Euro Heart Survey I. Oral glucose tolerance test is needed for appropriate classification of glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease: A report from the Euro Heart Survey on Diabetes and the Heart. Heart 2007;93: 72-77.
Lenzen M, Ryden L, Ohrvik J, Bartnik M, Malmberg K, Scholte Op Reimer W, Simoons ML. Diabetes known or newly detected, but not impaired glucose regulation, has a negative influence on 1-year outcome in patients with coronary artery disease: A report from the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2969-2974.
Selvin E, Steffes MW, Zhu H, Matsushita K, Wagenknecht L, Pankow J, Coresh J, Brancati FL. Glycated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults. N Eng J Med 2010;362:800-811.
Gerstein HC, Islam S, Anand S, AlmahmeedW, Damasceno A, Dans A, Lang CC, Luna MA, McQueen M, Rangarajan S, Rosengren A,Wang X, Yusuf S. Dysglycaemia and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in multiple ethnic groups: An analysis of 15,780 patients from the INTERHEART study. Diabetologia 2010;53:2509-2517.
Reiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, Graham I, Taskinen MR, Wiklund O, Agewall S, Alegria E, Chapman MJ, Durrington P, Erdine S, Halcox J, Hobbs R, Kjekshus J, Filardi PP, Riccardi G, Storey RF, Wood D, Bax J, Vahanian A, Auricchio A, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Kearney P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Poldermans D, Popescu BA, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vardas P, Widimsky P, Windecker S, Berkenboom G, De Graaf J, Descamps O, Gotcheva N, Griffith K, Guida GF, Gulec S, Henkin Y, Huber K, Kesaniemi YA, Lekakis J, Manolis AJ, Marques-Vidal P, Masana L, McMurray J, Mendes M, Pagava Z, Pedersen T, Prescott E, Rato Q, Rosano G, Sans S, Stalenhoef A, Tokgozoglu L, Viigimaa M, Wittekoek ME, Zamorano JL. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: The Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2011;32:1769-1818.
Sedlis SP, Jurkovitz CT, Hartigan PM, Goldfarb DS, Lorin JD, Dada M, Maron DJ, Spertus JA, Mancini GB, Teo KK, O?Rourke RA, Boden WE, Weintraub WS. Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with stable coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:1647-1653.
Reddan DN, Szczech LA, Tuttle RH, Shaw LK, Jones RH, Schwab SJ, Smith MS, Califf RM, Mark DB, OwenWFJr. Chronic kidney disease, mortality, and treatment strategies among patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease. J AmSoc Nephrol 2003;14:2373-2380.
Di Angelantonio E, Chowdhury R, Sarwar N, Aspelund T, Danesh J, Gudnason V. Chronic kidney disease and risk of major cardiovascular disease and non-vascular mortality: Prospective population based cohort study. BMJ 2010;341:c4986.
CockcroftDW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31-41.
Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, GreeneT, Rogers N, RothD.Amoreaccurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: Anewprediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130: 461-470.
Inker LA, Schmid CH, Tighiouart H, Eckfeldt JH, Feldman HI, Greene T, Kusek JW, Manzi J, Van Lente F, Zhang YL, Coresh J, Levey AS, Investigators C-E. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N Eng J Med 2012;367:20-29.
Hemingway H, Philipson P, Chen R, Fitzpatrick NK, Damant J, Shipley M, Abrams KR, Moreno S, McAllister KS, Palmer S, Kaski JC, Timmis AD, Hingorani AD. Evaluating the quality of research into a single prognostic biomarker: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 83 studies of C-reactive protein in stable coronary artery disease. PLoS Med 2010;7:e1000286.
Sabatine MS, MorrowDA, De Lemos JA, Omland T, Sloan S, Jarolim P, Solomon SD, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Evaluation of multiple biomarkers of cardiovascular stress for risk prediction and guiding medical therapy in patients with stable coronary disease. Circulation 2012;125:233-240.
Sutaria S, Philipson P, Fitzpatrick NK, Abrams K, Moreno SG, Timmis A, Hingorani AD, HemingwayH. Translational phases of evidence in a prognostic biomarker: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis of natriuretic peptides and the prognosis of stable coronary disease. Heart 2012;98:615-622.
Humphries SE, Drenos F, Ken-Dror G, Talmud PJ. Coronary heart disease risk prediction in the era of genome-wide association studies: Current status and what the future holds. Circulation 2010;121:2235-2248.
Reichlin T, Hochholzer W, Bassetti S, Steuer S, Stelzig C, Hartwiger S, Biedert S, Schaub N, Buerge C, Potocki M, Noveanu M, Breidthardt T, Twerenbold R, Winkler K, Bingisser R, MuellerC. Early diagnosis of myocardial infarction with sensitive cardiac troponin assays. N Eng J Med 2009;361:858-867.
KellerT, ZellerT, Peetz D, Tzikas S, Roth A, Czyz E, Bickel C, Baldus S,Warnholtz A, Frohlich M, Sinning CR, Eleftheriadis MS, Wild PS, Schnabel RB, Lubos E, Jachmann N, Genth-Zotz S, Post F, Nicaud V, Tiret L, Lackner KJ, Munzel TF, Blankenberg S. Sensitive troponin I assay in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. N Eng J Med 2009;361:868-877.
Da Silveira AD, Ribeiro RA, Rossini AP, Stella SF, Ritta HA, Stein R, Polanczyk CA. Association of anemia with clinical outcomes in stable coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2008;19:21-26.
Schwarz PE, Li J, Lindstrom J, Tuomilehto J. Tools for predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes in daily practice. Horm Metab Res 2009;41:86-97.
Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J, Eiriksdottir G, Gudnason V. Renal function and risk of coronary heart disease in general populations: New prospective study and systematic review. PLoS Med 2007;4:e270.
Androulakis A, Aznaouridis KA, Aggeli CJ, Roussakis GN, Michaelides AP, Kartalis AN, Stougiannos PN, Dilaveris PE, Misovoulos PI, Stefanadis CI, Kallikazaros IE. Transient ST-segment depression during paroxysms of atrial fibrillation in otherwise normal individuals: Relation with underlying coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1909-1911.
Daly C, Norrie J, Murdoch DL, Ford I, Dargie HJ, Fox K. The value of routine noninvasive tests to predict clinical outcome in stable angina. Eur Heart J 2003;24: 532-540.
Douglas PS, Garcia MJ, Haines DE, Lai WW, Manning WJ, Patel AR, Picard MH, Polk DM, Ragosta M,Ward RP,Weiner RB. ACCF/ASE/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCM/ SCCT/SCMR 2011 Appropriate Use Criteria for Echocardiography. AReport of the American college of cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Society of Echocardiography, American heart association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and Society forCardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1126-1166.
Korcarz CE, Hirsch AT, Bruce C, DeCara JM, Mohler ER, Pogue B, Postley J, Tzou WS, Stein JH. Carotid intima-media thickness testing by non-sonographer clinicians: The office practice assessment of carotid atherosclerosis study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008;21:117-122.
Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst RT, Lonn E, Kendall CB, Mohler ER, Najjar SS, Rembold CM, Post WS, American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima- Media Thickness Task F. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: A consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008;21:93-111.
Plichart M, Celermajer DS, Zureik M, Helmer C, Jouven X, Ritchie K, Tzourio C, Ducimetiere P, Empana JP. Carotid intima-media thickness in plaque-free site, carotid plaques and coronary heart disease risk prediction in older adults. The Three-City Study. Atherosclerosis 2011;219:917-924.
O?Mahony MS, Sim MF, Ho SF, Steward JA, Buchalter M, Burr M. Diastolic heart failure in older people. Age Ageing 2003;32:519-524.
Aroesty JM, McKay RG, Heller GV, Royal HD, Als AV, GrossmanW. Simultaneous assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction during pacing-induced ischemia. Circulation 1985;71:889-900.
Shaw LJ, Bugiardini R, Merz CN. Women and ischemic heart disease: Evolving knowledge. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:1561-1575.
Hendel RC, Patel MR, Kramer CM, Poon M, Carr JC, Gerstad NA, Gillam LD, Hodgson JM, Kim RJ, Lesser JR, Martin ET, Messer JV, Redberg RF, Rubin GD, Rumsfeld JS, Taylor AJ, Weigold WG, Woodard PK, Brindis RG, Douglas PS, Peterson ED, Wolk MJ, Allen JM. ACCF/ACR/SCCT/SCMR/ASNC/NASCI/SCAI/SIR 2006 appropriateness criteria for cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: A report of the American college of cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness CriteriaWorking Group, American College of Radiology, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, North American Society for Cardiac Imaging, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Interventional Radiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1475-1497.
Cohn PF, Fox KM, Daly C. Silent myocardial ischemia. Circulation 2003;108: 1263-1277.
McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, Kober L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, Ronnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A, Bax JJ, Baumgartner H, Ceconi C, Dean V, Deaton C, Fagard R, Funck-Brentano C, Hasdai D, Hoes A, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, McDonagh T, Moulin C, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Vahanian A, Windecker S, Bonet LA, Avraamides P, Ben Lamin HA, Brignole M, Coca A, Cowburn P, Dargie H, Elliott P, Flachskampf FA, Guida GF, Hardman S, Iung B, Merkely B, Mueller C, Nanas JN, Nielsen OW, Orn S, Parissis JT, Ponikowski P. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1787-1847.
Diamond GA,Forrester JS. Analysis of probability as an aid in the clinical diagnosis of coronary-artery disease. N Eng J Med 1979;300:1350-1358.
Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS, Ferguson TB Jr., Fihn SD, Fraker TD Jr., Gardin JM, O?Rourke RA, Pasternak RC, Williams SV, Alpert JS, Antman EM, Hiratzka LF, Fuster V, Faxon DP, Gregoratos G, Jacobs AK, Smith SC Jr. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: Summary article: A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation 2003;107:149-158.
Diamond GA, Kaul S. Gone fishing!: On the real-world accuracy of computed tomographic coronary angiography: Comment on the Ontario multidetector computed tomographic coronary angiography study. Arch Intern Med 2011;171: 1029-1031.
Mark DB, Hlatky MA, Harrell FE Jr., Lee KL, Califf RM, Pryor DB. Exercise treadmill score for predicting prognosis in coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1987;106: 793-800.
Froelicher VF, Lehmann KG, Thomas R, Goldman S, Morrison D, Edson R, Lavori P, Myers J, Dennis C, Shabetai R, Do D, Froning J. The electrocardiographic exercise test in a population with reduced workup bias: Diagnostic performance, computerized interpretation, and multivariable prediction. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study in Health Services #016 (QUEXTA) Study Group. Quantitative Exercise Testing and Angiography. Ann Intern Med 1998;128:965-974.
Morise AP, Diamond GA. Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of exercise electrocardiography in biased and unbiased populations of men and women. Am Heart J 1995;130:741-747.
Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Fleischmann KE, Hunink MG. Stress echocardiography, stress single-photon-emission computed tomography and electron beam computed tomography for the assessment of coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of diagnostic performance. Am Heart J 2007;154:415-423.
Mc Ardle BA, Dowsley TF, deKemp RA, Wells GA, Beanlands RS. Does rubidium-82 PET have superior accuracy to SPECT perfusion imaging for the diagnosis of obstructive coronary disease?: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1828-1837.
De Jong MC, Genders TS, Van Geuns RJ, Moelker A, Hunink MG. Diagnostic performance of stress myocardial perfusion imaging for coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2012;22:1881-1895.
Higgins JP, Williams G, Nagel JS, Higgins JA. Left bundle-branch block artifact on single photon emission computed tomography with technetium Tc 99m (Tc-99m) agents: Mechanisms and a method to decrease false-positive interpretations. Am Heart J 2006;152:619-626.
Nandalur KR, Dwamena BA, Choudhri AF, Nandalur MR, Carlos RC. Diagnostic
Hamon M, Fau G, Nee G, Ehtisham J, Morello R. Meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance for detection of coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010;12:29.
Schwitter J,Wacker CM, Wilke N, Al-Saadi N, Sauer E, Huettle K, Schonberg SO, Luchner A, Strohm O, AhlstromH, Dill T, Hoebel N, Simor T. MR-IMPACTII: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary artery disease Trial: Perfusion-cardiac magnetic resonance vs. single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery disease: A comparative multicentre, multivendor trial. Eur Heart J 2012; 34(10):775-81
Budoff MJ, Dowe D, Jollis JG, Gitter M, Sutherland J, Halamert E, Scherer M, Bellinger R, Martin A, Benton R, Delago A, Min JK. Diagnostic performance of 64-multidetector row coronary computed tomographic angiography for evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in individuals without known coronary artery disease: Results from the prospective multicenter ACCURACY (Assessment by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1724-1732.
Miller JM, Rochitte CE, Dewey M, Arbab-Zadeh A, Niinuma H, Gottlieb I, Paul N, Clouse ME, Shapiro EP, Hoe J, Lardo AC, Bush DE, De Roos A, Cox C, Brinker J, Lima JA. Diagnostic performance of coronary angiography by 64-row CT. N Eng J Med 2008;359:2324-2336.
Meijboom WB, Meijs MF, Schuijf JD, Cramer MJ, Mollet NR, Van Mieghem CA, Nieman K, Van Werkhoven JM, Pundziute G, Weustink AC, De Vos AM, Pugliese F, Rensing B, Jukema JW, Bax JJ, Prokop M, Doevendans PA, Hunink MG, Krestin GP, De Feyter PJ. Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: A prospective, multicenter, multivendor study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:2135-2144.
Jaarsma C, Leiner T, Bekkers SC, Crijns HJ, Wildberger JE, Nagel E, Nelemans PJ, Schalla S. Diagnostic performance of noninvasive myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography imaging for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1719-1728.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. (2010) Chest pain of recent onset. (Clinical guideline 95.). http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG95., http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG95 (7 August 2013).
Genders TS, Steyerberg EW, Alkadhi H, Leschka S, Desbiolles L, Nieman K, Galema TW, Meijboom WB, Mollet NR, De Feyter PJ, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Dewey M, Zimmermann E, Laule M, Pugliese F, Barbagallo R, Sinitsyn V, Bogaert J, Goetschalckx K, Schoepf UJ, Rowe GW, Schuijf JD, Bax JJ, De Graaf FR, Knuuti J, Kajander S, Van Mieghem CA, Meijs MF, Cramer MJ, Gopalan D, Feuchtner G, Friedrich G, Krestin GP, Hunink MG. A clinical prediction rule for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: Validation, updating, and extension. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1316-1330.
Miller TD, Roger VL, HodgeDO,Gibbons RJ.Asimple clinical score accurately predicts outcome in a community-based population undergoing stress testing. Am J Med 2005;118:866-872.
Tonino PA, De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Siebert U, Ikeno F, van? t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, Fearon WF. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention. N Eng J Med 2009;360:213-224.
Abbara S, Arbab-Zadeh A, Callister TQ, Desai MY, Mamuya W, Thomson L, Weigold WG. SCCT guidelines for performance of coronary computed tomographic angiography: A report of the Society of Cardiovascular computed tomography guidelines Committee. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2009;3:190-204.
Genders TS, Meijboom WB, Meijs MF, Schuijf JD, Mollet NR, Weustink AC, Pugliese F, Bax JJ, Cramer MJ, Krestin GP, De Feyter PJ, Hunink MG. CT coronary angiography in patients suspected of having coronary artery disease: Decision making from various perspectives in the face of uncertainty. Radiology 2009;253: 734-744.
Belardinelli R, Lacalaprice F, Carle F, Minnucci A, Cianci G, Perna G, D?Eusanio G. Exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia detected by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1304-1313.
Pradhan R, Chaudhary A, Donato AA. Predictive accuracy of ST depression during rapid atrial fibrillation on the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Am J Emerg Med 2012;30:1042-1047.
Shaw LJ, Mieres JH, Hendel RH, Boden WE, Gulati M, Veledar E, Hachamovitch R, Arrighi JA, Merz CN, Gibbons RJ,Wenger NK, Heller GV. Comparative effectiveness of exercise electrocardiography with or without myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in women with suspected coronary artery disease: Results from the What Is the Optimal Method for Ischemia Evaluation inWomen (WOMEN) trial. Circulation 2011;124:1239-1249.
Gianrossi R, Detrano R, Mulvihill D, Lehmann K, Dubach P, Colombo A, McArthur D, Froelicher V. Exercise-induced ST depression in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A meta-analysis. Circulation 1989;80:87-98.
Fleischmann KE, Hunink MG, Kuntz KM, Douglas PS. Exercise echocardiography or exercise SPECT imaging? A meta-analysis of diagnostic test performance. JAMA 1998;280:913-920.
Chelliah R, Anantharam B, Burden L, Alhajiri A, Senior R. Independent and incremental value of stress echocardiography over clinical and stress electrocardiographic parameters for the prediction of hard cardiac events in new-onset suspected angina with no history of coronary artery disease. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010;11:875-882.
Marwick TH, Shaw L, Case C, VaseyC, Thomas JD. Clinical and economic impact of exercise electrocardiography and exercise echocardiography in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1153-1163.
Mattera JA, Arain SA, Sinusas AJ, Finta L,Wackers FJ. Exercise testing with myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with normal baseline electrocardiograms: Cost savings with a stepwise diagnostic strategy. J Nucl Cardiol 1998;5:498-506.
Sicari R, Nihoyannopoulos P, Evangelista A, Kasprzak J, Lancellotti P, Poldermans D, Voigt JU, Zamorano JL. Stress echocardiography expert consensus statement: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC). Eur J Echocardiogr 2008;9(415-437.
Senior R, Becher H, Monaghan M, Agati L, Zamorano J, Vanoverschelde JL, Nihoyannopoulos P. Contrast echocardiography: Evidence-based recommendations by European Association of Echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10: 194-212.
Senior R, Moreo A, Gaibazzi N, Agati L, Tiemann K, Shivalkar B, von Bardeleben S, Galiuto L, Lardoux H, Trocino G, Carrio I, Le Guludec D, Sambuceti G, Becher H, Colonna P, Cate FT, Bramucci E, Cohen A, Bezante G, Aggeli C, Kasprzak JD. Comparison of Sulfur Hexafluoride Microbubble (SonoVue)-Enhanced Myocardial Echocardiography to gated Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography for the Detection of Significant Coronary Artery Disease:A Large European Multicentre Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; pii: S0735-1097(13)02262-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.082. [Epub ahead of print]
Plana JC, Mikati IA, Dokainish H, Lakkis N, Abukhalil J, Davis R, Hetzell BC, ZoghbiWA. A randomized cross-over study for evaluation of the effect of image optimization with contrast on the diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine echocardiography in coronary artery disease The OPTIMIZE Trial. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2008;1:145-152.
Voigt JU, Exner B, Schmiedehausen K, Huchzermeyer C, Reulbach U, Nixdorff U, Platsch G, Kuwert T, Daniel WG,Flachskampf FA. Strain-rate imaging during dobutamine stress echocardiography provides objective evidence of inducible ischemia. Circulation 2003;107:2120-2126.
Imbert L, Poussier S, Franken PR, Songy B, Verger A, Morel O, Wolf D, Noel A, Karcher G, Marie PY. Compared performance of high-sensitivity cameras dedicated to myocardial perfusion SPECT: A comprehensive analysis of phantom and human images. J Nucl Med 2012;53:1897-1903.
Ritchie JL, Bateman TM, Bonow RO, Crawford MH, Gibbons RJ, Hall RJ, O?Rourke RA, Parisi AF, Verani MS. Guidelines for clinical use of cardiac radionuclide imaging. Report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures (Committee on Radionuclide Imaging), developed in collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25:521-547.
Al JaroudiW, Iskandrian AE. Regadenoson: A new myocardial stress agent. J AmColl Cardiol 2009;54:1123-1130.
Di Carli MF, Hachamovitch R. New technology for noninvasive evaluation of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2007;115:1464-1480.
Kajander S, Joutsiniemi E, Saraste M, Pietila M, Ukkonen H, Saraste A, Sipila HT, Teras M, Maki M, Airaksinen J, Hartiala J, Knuuti J. Cardiac positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging accurately detects anatomically and functionally significant coronary artery disease. Circulation 2010;122:603-613.
Nagel E, Lehmkuhl HB, BockschW, Klein C, Vogel U, Frantz E, Ellmer A, Dreysse S, Fleck E. Noninvasive diagnosis of ischemia-induced wall motion abnormalities with the use of high-dose dobutamine stress MRI: Comparison with dobutamine stress echocardiography. Circulation 1999;99:763-770.
Wahl A, Paetsch I, Gollesch A, Roethemeyer S, Foell D, Gebker R, Langreck H, Klein C, Fleck E, Nagel E. Safety and feasibility of high-dose dobutamine-atropine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance for diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia: Experience in 1000 consecutive cases. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1230-1236.
Secknus MA, Marwick TH. Evolution of dobutamine echocardiography protocols and indications: Safety and side effects in 3,011 studies over 5 years. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1234-1240.
HundleyWG,Hamilton CA, Thomas MS, Herrington DM, Salido TB, KitzmanDW, Little WC, Link KM. Utility of fast cine magnetic resonance imaging and display for the detectionof myocardial ischemia in patients not well suited for second harmonic stress echocardiography. Circulation 1999;100:1697-1702.
Greenwood JP, Maredia N, Younger JF, Brown JM, Nixon J, Everett CC, Bijsterveld P, Ridgway JP, Radjenovic A, Dickinson CJ, Ball SG, Plein S. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): A prospective trial. Lancet 2012; 379:453-460.
Heydari B, Jerosch-Herold M, Kwong RY. Assessment of myocardial ischemia with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2011;54:191-203.
Lockie T, Ishida M, Perera D, Chiribiri A, De Silva K, Kozerke S, MarberM, Nagel E, Rezavi R, Redwood S, Plein S. High-resolution magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging at 3.0-Tesla to detect hemodynamically significant coronary stenoses as determined by fractional flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:70-75.
Cheng AS, Pegg TJ, Karamitsos TD, Searle N, Jerosch-Herold M, Choudhury RP, Banning AP, Neubauer S, Robson MD, Selvanayagam JB. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion imaging at 3-tesla for the detection of coronary artery disease: A comparison with 1.5-tesla. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2440-2449.
Bernhardt P,Walcher T, RottbauerW,Wohrle J. Quantification of myocardial perfusion reserve at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla: A comparison to fractional flow reserve. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;28:2049-2056.
Pazhenkottil AP, Nkoulou RN, Ghadri JR, Herzog BA, Buechel RR, Kuest SM, Wolfrum M, Fiechter M, Husmann L, Gaemperli O, Kaufmann PA. Prognostic value of cardiac hybrid imaging integrating single-photon emission computed tomography with coronary computed tomography angiography. Eur Heart J 2011;32: 1465-1471.
Sabharwal NK, Stoykova B, Taneja AK, Lahiri A. A randomized trial of exercise treadmill ECG versus stress SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging as an initial diagnostic strategy in stable patients with chest pain and suspected CAD: Cost analysis. J Nucl Cardiol 2007;14:174-186.
Underwood SR, Anagnostopoulos C, Cerqueira M, Ell PJ, Flint EJ, Harbinson M, Kelion AD, Al-Mohammad A, Prvulovich EM, Shaw LJ, Tweddel AC. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: The evidence. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004;31:261-291.
Garber AM, Solomon NA. Cost-effectiveness of alternative test strategies for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:719-728.
Yao SS, Qureshi E, Sherrid MV, Chaudhry FA. Practical applications in stress echocardiography: Risk stratification and prognosis in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1084-1090.
Berman DS, Hachamovitch R, Kiat H, Cohen I, Cabico JA,Wang FP, Friedman JD, Germano G, Van Train K, Diamond GA. Incremental value of prognostic testing in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease: A basis for optimal utilization of exercise technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:639-647.
Doesch C, Seeger A, Doering J, Herdeg C, Burgstahler C, Claussen CD, Gawaz M, Miller S, May AE. Risk stratification by adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with coronary artery stenoses of intermediate angiographic severity. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:424-433.
Yao SS, Bangalore S, Chaudhry FA. Prognostic implications of stress echocardiography and impact on patient outcomes: An effective gatekeeper for coronary angiography and revascularization. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:832-839.
Halliburton S, Arbab-Zadeh A, Dey D, Einstein AJ, Gentry R, George RT, Gerber T, Mahesh M,Weigold WG. State-of-the-art in CT hardware and scan modes for cardiovascular CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2012;6:154-163.
Hausleiter J, Martinoff S, Hadamitzky M, Martuscelli E, Pschierer I, Feuchtner GM, Catalan-Sanz P, Czermak B, Meyer TS, Hein F, Bischoff B, Kuse M, Schomig A, Achenbach S. Image quality and radiation exposure with a low tube voltage protocol for coronary CT angiography results of the PROTECTION II Trial. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:1113-1123.
Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr., Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:827-832.
O?Rourke RA, Brundage BH, Froelicher VF, Greenland P, Grundy SM, Hachamovitch R, Pohost GM, Shaw LJ, Weintraub WS, Winters WL Jr., Forrester JS, Douglas PS, Faxon DP, Fisher JD, Gregoratos G, Hochman JS, Hutter AM Jr., Kaul S, Wolk MJ. American college of cardiology/American heart association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000;102:126-140.
Marwan M, Ropers D, Pflederer T, Daniel WG, Achenbach S. Clinical characteristics of patients with obstructive coronary lesions in the absence of coronary calcification: An evaluation by coronary CT angiography. Heart 2009;95:1056-1060.
Brodoefel H, Burgstahler C, Tsiflikas I, Reimann A, Schroeder S, Claussen CD, Heuschmid M, Kopp AF. Dual-source CT: Effect of heart rate, heart rate variability, and calcification on image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Radiology 2008;247: 346-355.
Chen CC, Chen CC, Hsieh IC, Liu YC, LiuCY, ChanT,Wen MS,Wan YL. The effect of calcium score on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;27 Suppl 1:37-42.
Van Werkhoven JM, De Boer SM, Schuijf JD, Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Jukema JW, Boogers MJ, Kroft LJ, De Roos A, Bax JJ. Impact of clinical presentation and pretest likelihood on the relation between calcium score and computed tomographic coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol 2010;106:1675-1679.
MeijsMF, Meijboom WB,Prokop M, MolletNR, Van MieghemCA, Doevendans PA, De Feyter PJ, Cramer MJ. Is there a role forCTcoronary angiography in patients with symptomatic angina? Effect of coronary calcium score on identification of stenosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;25:847-854.
Vavere AL, Arbab-Zadeh A, Rochitte CE, Dewey M, Niinuma H, Gottlieb I, Clouse ME, Bush DE, Hoe JW, De Roos A, Cox C, Lima JA, Miller JM. Coronary artery stenoses: Accuracy of 64-detector row CT angiography in segments with mild, moderate, or severe calcification: A subanalysis of the CORE-64trial. Radiology 2011;261:100-108.
Alkadhi H, Scheffel H, Desbiolles L, Gaemperli O, Stolzmann P, Plass A, GoerresGW, Luescher TF, Genoni M, Marincek B, Kaufmann PA, Leschka S. Dualsource computed tomography coronary angiography: Influence of obesity, calcium load, and heart rate on diagnostic accuracy. Eur Heart J 2008;29:766-776.
Westwood ME, Raatz HD, Misso K, Burgers L, Redekop K, Lhachimi SK, Armstrong N, Kleijnen J. Systematic Review of the Accuracy of Dual-Source Cardiac CT for Detection of Arterial Stenosis in Difficult to Image Patient Groups. Radiology 2013; 267(2):387-95.
Paech DC,Weston AR. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of 64-slice or higher computed tomography angiography as an alternative to invasive coronary angiography in the investigation of suspected coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011;11:32.
Ropers D, Pohle FK, Kuettner A, Pflederer T, Anders K, Daniel WG, Bautz W, Baum U, Achenbach S. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography in patients after bypass surgery using 64-slice spiral computed tomography with 330-ms gantry rotation. Circulation 2006;114:2334-2341.
Weustink AC, Nieman K, Pugliese F, Mollet NR, Meijboom WB, Van Mieghem C, ten Kate GJ, Cademartiri F, Krestin GP, De Feyter PJ. Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography angiography in patients after bypass grafting: Comparison with invasive coronary angiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:816-824.
Min JK, Dunning A, Lin FY, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah M, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Callister TQ, Chang HJ, Cheng V, Chinnaiyan K, Chow BJ, Delago A, Hadamitzky M, Hausleiter J, Kaufmann P, Maffei E, Raff G, Shaw LJ, Villines T, Berman DS. Age- and sex-related differences in all-cause mortality risk based on coronary computed tomography angiography findings results from the International MulticenterCONFIRM(CoronaryCTAngiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter Registry) of 23,854 patients without known coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:849-860.
Hadamitzky M, Freissmuth B, Meyer T, Hein F, Kastrati A, Martinoff S, Schomig A, Hausleiter J. Prognostic value of coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of cardiac events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009;2:404-411.
Chow BJ, Small G, Yam Y, Chen L, Achenbach S, Al-Mallah M, Berman DS, Budoff MJ, Cademartiri F, Callister TQ, Chang HJ, Cheng V, Chinnaiyan KM, Delago A, Dunning A, Hadamitzky M, Hausleiter J, Kaufmann P, Lin F, Maffei E, Raff GL, Shaw LJ, Villines TC, Min JK. Incremental prognostic value of cardiac computed tomography in coronary artery disease using CONFIRM: COroNary computed tomography angiography evaluation for clinical outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter registry. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:463-472.
Meijboom WB, Van Mieghem CA, Mollet NR, Pugliese F,Weustink AC, Van Pelt N, Cademartiri F, Nieman K, Boersma E, De Jaegere P, KrestinGP, De Feyter PJ. 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with high, intermediate, or low pretest probability of significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1469-1475.
Min JK, Leipsic J, Pencina MJ, Berman DS, Koo BK, Van Mieghem C, Erglis A, Lin FY, Dunning AM, Apruzzese P, Budoff MJ, Cole JH, Jaffer FA, Leon MB, Malpeso J, Mancini GB, Park SJ, Schwartz RS, ShawLJ, Mauri L. Diagnostic accuracy of fractional flow reserve from anatomic CT angiography. JAMA 2012;308:1237-1245.
Kato S, Kitagawa K, Ishida N, Ishida M, Nagata M, Ichikawa Y, Katahira K, Matsumoto Y, Seo K, Ochiai R, Kobayashi Y, Sakuma H. Assessment of coronary artery disease using magnetic resonance coronary angiography: A national multicenter trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:983-991.
Sakuma H. Coronary CT versusMR angiography: The role ofMR angiography. Radiology 2011;258:340-349.
Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N, Di Mario C, Falk V, Folliguet T, Garg S, Huber K, James S, Knuuti J, Lopez-Sendon J, Marco J, Menicanti L, Ostojic M, Piepoli MF, Pirlet C, Pomar JL, Reifart N, Ribichini FL, Schalij MJ, Sergeant P, Serruys PW, Silber S, Sousa Uva M, Taggart D. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 2010;31:2501-2555.
Jolly SS, Amlani S, Hamon M, Yusuf S, Mehta SR. Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography or intervention and the impact on major bleeding and ischemic events: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am Heart J 2009;157:132-140.
Arora N, Matheny ME, Sepke C, Resnic FS. A propensity analysis of the risk of vascular complications after cardiac catheterization procedures with the use of vascular closure devices. Am Heart J 2007;153:606-611.
Noto TJ Jr., Johnson LW, Krone R, Weaver WF, Clark DA, Kramer JR Jr., Vetrovec GW. Cardiac catheterization 1990: A report of the Registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCA&I). Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1991;24:75-83.
Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet 2000;355:253-259.
Effect of nicorandil on coronary events in patients with stable angina: The Impact Of Nicorandil in Angina (IONA) randomised trial. Lancet 2002;359:1269-1275.
Hjemdahl P, Eriksson SV, Held C, Forslund L, Nasman P, Rehnqvist N. Favourable long term prognosis in stable angina pectoris: An extended follow up of the angina prognosis study in Stockholm (APSIS). Heart 2006;92:177-182.
WilsonPW, D'Agostino R Sr., Bhatt DL, Eagle K, Pencina MJ, Smith SC, Alberts MJ, Dallongeville J, Goto S, Hirsch AT, Liau CS, Ohman EM, Rother J, Reid C, Mas JL, Steg PG. An international model to predict recurrent cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2012;125:695-703.
Weiner DA, Ryan TJ, McCabe CH, Chaitman BR, Sheffield LT, Ferguson JC, Fisher LD, Tristani F. Prognostic importance of a clinical profile and exercise test in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984; 3:772-779.
Hammermeister KE, DeRouen TA, Dodge HT. Variables predictive of survival in patients with coronary disease. Selection by univariate and multivariate analyses from the clinical, electrocardiographic, exercise, arteriographic, and quantitative angiographic evaluations. Circulation 1979;59:421-430.
Pryor DB, Shaw L, McCants CB, Lee KL, Mark DB, Harrell FE Jr., Muhlbaier LH, Califf RM. Value of the history and physical in identifying patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:81-90.
EmondM, Mock MB, Davis KB, Fisher LD, Holmes DRJr., Chaitman BR, Kaiser GC, Alderman E, Killip T 3rd. Long-term survival of medically treated patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry. Circulation 1994;90:2645-2657.
Mahmarian JJ, Dakik HA, Filipchuk NG, Shaw LJ, Iskander SS, Ruddy TD, Keng F, Henzlova MJ, Allam A, Moye LA, Pratt CM. An initial strategy of intensive medical therapy is comparable to that of coronary revascularization for suppression of scintigraphic ischemia in high-risk but stable survivors of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:2458-2467.
Hachamovitch R, Rozanski A, Shaw LJ, Stone GW, Thomson LE, Friedman JD, Hayes SW, Cohen I, Germano G, Berman DS. Impact of ischaemia and scar on the therapeutic benefit derived from myocardial revascularization vs. medical therapy among patients undergoing stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1012-1024.
Rihal CS, Davis KB, Kennedy JW, Gersh BJ. The utility of clinical, electrocardiographic, and roentgenographic variables in the prediction of left ventricular function. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:220-223.
Raymond I, Pedersen F, Steensgaard-Hansen F, Green A, Busch-Sorensen M, Tuxen C, Appel J, Jacobsen J, Atar D, Hildebrandt P. Prevalence of impaired left ventricular systolic function and heart failure in a middle aged and elderly urban population segment of Copenhagen. Heart 2003;89:1422-149.
Ashley EA, Myers J, Froelicher V. Exercise testing in clinical medicine. Lancet 2000; 356:1592-1597.
Mark DB, Shaw L, Harrell FE Jr., Hlatky MA, Lee KL, Bengtson JR, McCants CB, Califf RM, Pryor DB. Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease. N Eng J Med 1991;325:849-853.
Schinkel AF, Bax JJ, Geleijnse ML, Boersma E, Elhendy A, Roelandt JR, Poldermans D. Noninvasive evaluation of ischaemic heart disease: Myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography? Eur Heart J 2003;24:789-800.
Marwick TH, Mehta R, Arheart K, Lauer MS. Use of exercise echocardiography for prognostic evaluation of patients with knownor suspected coronaryartery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:83-90.
Olmos LI, Dakik H, Gordon R, Dunn JK, Verani MS, Quinones MA, Zoghbi WA. Long-term prognostic value of exercise echocardiography compared with exercise 201Tl, ECG, and clinical variables in patients evaluated for coronary artery disease. Circulation 1998;98:2679-2686.
Marwick TH, Case C, Vasey C, Allen S, Short L, Thomas JD. Prediction of mortality by exercise echocardiography: A strategy for combination with the duke treadmill score. Circulation 2001;103:2566-2571.
Impact of an Automated Multimodality Point-of-Order Decision Support Tool on Rates of AppropriateTesting and Clinical Decision Making for Individuals With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Lin FY, Dunning AM, Narula J, Shaw LJ, Gransar H, Berman DS, Min JK.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(4):308-16
Brown KA. Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging. A diagnostic tool comes of age. Circulation 1991;83:363-381.
Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, Kiat H, Cohen I, Cabico JA, Friedman J, Diamond GA. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography for the prediction of cardiac death: Differential stratification for risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998;97:535-543.
Hachamovitch R, HayesSW, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Berman DS. Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 2003;107:2900-2907.
Dorbala S, Di Carli MF, Beanlands RS, Merhige ME, Williams BA, Veledar E, Chow BJ, Min JK, Pencina MJ, Berman DS, Shaw LJ. Prognostic value of stress myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography: Results from a multicenter observational registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:176-184.
Murthy VL, Naya M, Foster CR, Gaber M, Hainer J, Klein J, Dorbala S, Blankstein R, Di Carli MF. Association between coronary vascular dysfunction and cardiac mortality in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2012;126: 1858-1868.
Korosoglou G, Elhmidi Y, Steen H, Schellberg D, Riedle N, Ahrens J, Lehrke S, Merten C, Lossnitzer D, Radeleff J, Zugck C, Giannitsis E, Katus HA. Prognostic value of high-dose dobutamine stress magnetic resonance imaging in 1,493 consecutive patients: Assessment of myocardial wall motion and perfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1225-1234.
Jahnke C, Nagel E, Gebker R, KokocinskiT, Kelle S, Manka R, Fleck E, Paetsch I. Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance stress tests: Adenosine stress perfusion and dobutamine stress wall motion imaging. Circulation 2007;115:1769-1776.
Motoyama S, Sarai M, Harigaya H, Anno H, Inoue K, Hara T, Naruse H, Ishii J, Hishida H, Wong ND, Virmani R, Kondo T, Ozaki Y, Narula J. Computed tomographic angiography characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques subsequently resulting in acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:49-57.
Ostrom MP, Gopal A, Ahmadi N, Nasir K, Yang E, Kakadiaris I, Flores F, Mao SS, Budoff MJ. Mortality incidence and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by computed tomography angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52: 1335-1343.
Hulten EA, Carbonaro S, Petrillo SP, Mitchell JD, Villines TC. Prognostic value of cardiac computed tomography angiography: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:1237-1247.
Mark DB, Nelson CL, Califf RM, Harrell FE Jr., Lee KL, Jones RH, FortinDF, Stack RS, Glower DD, Smith LR et al. Continuing evolution of therapy for coronary artery disease. Initial results from the era of coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1994;89: 2015-2025.
Christian TF, Miller TD, Bailey KR, Gibbons RJ. Exercise tomographic thallium-201 imaging in patients with severe coronary artery disease and normal electrocardiograms. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:825-832.
Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Kiat H, Cohen I, Friedman JD, Shaw LJ. Value of stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography in patients with normal resting electrocardiograms: An evaluation of incremental prognostic value and cost-effectiveness. Circulation 2002;105:823-829.
Daugherty SL, Magid DJ, Kikla JR, Hokanson JE, Baxter J, Ross CA, Masoudi FA. Gender differences in the prognostic value of exercise treadmill test characteristics. Am Heart J 2011;161:908-914.
Coelho-FilhoOR, Seabra LF,Mongeon FP, Abdullah SM, Francis SA, Blankstein R, Di Carli MF, Jerosch-Herold M, Kwong RY. Stress myocardial perfusion imaging by CMR provides strong prognostic value to cardiac events regardless of patient'S sex. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2011;4:850-861.
Metz LD, Beattie M,HomR, Redberg RF, Grady D, Fleischmann KE. The prognostic value of normal exercise myocardial perfusion imaging and exercise echocardiography: A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:227-237.
NallamothuN, Ghods M, Heo J, Iskandrian AS. Comparison of thallium-201 singlephoton emission computed tomography and electrocardiographic response during exercise in patients with normal rest electrocardiographic results. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:830-836.
Mahajan N, Polavaram L, Vankayala H, Ference B, Wang Y, Ager J, Kovach J, Afonso L. Diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging and stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of left main and triple vessel coronary artery disease: A comparative meta-analysis. Heart 2010;96:956-966.
Shaw LJ, Cerqueira MD, Brooks MM, Althouse AD, Sansing VV, Beller GA, Pop-Busui R, Taillefer R, Chaitman BR, Gibbons RJ, Heo J, Iskandrian AE. Impact of left ventricular function and the extent of ischemia and scar by stress myocardial perfusion imaging on prognosis and therapeutic risk reduction in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: Results from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial. J Nucl Cardiol 2012;19:658-669.
Shaw LJ, Berman DS, Maron DJ, Mancini GB, Hayes SW, Hartigan PM, Weintraub WS, O?Rourke RA, Dada M, Spertus JA, Chaitman BR, Friedman J, Slomka P, Heller GV, Germano G, Gosselin G, Berger P, Kostuk WJ, Schwartz RG, Knudtson M, Veledar E, Bates ER, McCallister B, Teo KK, Boden WE. Optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention to reduce ischemic burden: Results from the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial nuclear substudy. Circulation 2008;117:1283-1291.
Shaw LJ, Hachamovitch R, Heller GV, Marwick TH, Travin MI, Iskandrian AE, Kesler K, Lauer MS, Hendel R, Borges-Neto S, Lewin HC, Berman DS, Miller D. Noninvasive strategies for the estimation of cardiac risk in stable chest pain patients. The Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Study Group. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86:1-7.
America YG, Bax JJ, Boersma E, Stokkel M, Van Der Wall EE. Prognostic value of gated SPECT in patients with left bundle branch block. J Nucl Cardiol 2007;14: 75-81.
Tandogan I, Yetkin E, Yanik A, Ulusoy FV, Temizhan A, Cehreli S, Sasmaz A. Comparison of thallium-201 exercise SPECT and dobutamine stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with left bundle branch block. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2001;17:339-345.
Biagini E, Shaw LJ, Poldermans D, Schinkel AF, Rizzello V, Elhendy A, Rapezzi C, Bax JJ. Accuracy of non-invasive techniques for diagnosis of coronary artery disease and prediction of cardiac events in patients with left bundle branch block: A meta-analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006;33:1442-1451.
Biagini E, Schinkel AF, Elhendy A, Bax JJ, Rizzello V, Van Domburg RT, Krenning BJ, Schouten O, Branzi A, Rocchi G, Simoons ML, Poldermans D. Pacemaker stress echocardiography predicts cardiac events in patients with permanent pacemaker. Am J Med 2005;118:1381-1386.
Picano E, Alaimo A, Chubuchny V, Plonska E, Baldo V, Baldini U, Pauletti M, Perticucci R, Fonseca L, Villarraga HR, Emanuelli C, Miracapillo G, Hoffmann E, De Nes M. Noninvasive pacemaker stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary artery disease: A multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1305-1310.
Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, Heald CL, Lee RJ, Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Hirsch AT, Dramaix M, deBacker G, Wautrecht JC, Kornitzer M, Newman AB, Cushman M, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Lee AJ, Price JF, d?Agostino RB, Murabito JM, Norman PE, Jamrozik K, Curb JD, Masaki KH, Rodriguez BL, Dekker JM, Bouter LM, Heine RJ, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Ferrucci L, McDermott MM, Stoffers HE, Hooi JD, Knottnerus JA, Ogren M, Hedblad B, Witteman JC, Breteler MM, Hunink MG, Hofman A, Criqui MH, Langer RD, Fronek A, Hiatt WR, Hamman R, Resnick HE, Guralnik J. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2008;300:197-208.
O?Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK Jr. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Eng J Med 1999;340:14-22.
Greenland P, LaBree L, Azen SP, Doherty TM, Detrano RC. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004;291:210-215.
Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE, Burke G, Folsom AR, Liu K, Shea S, Szklo M, Bluemke DA, O?Leary DH, Tracy R,Watson K,Wong ND, Kronmal RA. Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups.NEng J Med 2008;358:1336-1345.
Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Ramaswami G, Cesarone MR, DeSanctisM, Incandela L, Ferrari P, Geroulakos G, Barsotti A, Griffin M, Dhanjil S, Sabetai M, Bucci M, Martines G. Carotid and femoral ultrasound morphology screening and cardiovascular events in low risk subjects: A 10-year follow-up study (the CAFES-CAVE study(1)). Atherosclerosis 2001;156:379-387.
Anand DV, Lim E, Hopkins D, Corder R, Shaw LJ, Sharp P, Lipkin D, Lahiri A. Risk stratification in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes: Prospective evaluation of the combined use of coronary artery calcium imaging and selective myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Eur Heart J 2006;27:713-721.
Elkeles RS, Godsland IF, Feher MD, Rubens MB, Roughton M, Nugara F, Humphries SE, Richmond W, Flather MD. Coronary calcium measurement improves prediction of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: The PREDICT study. Eur Heart J 2008;29:2244-2251.
Gulati M, Pandey DK, Arnsdorf MF, Lauderdale DS, Thisted RA, Wicklund RH, Al-Hani AJ, Black HR. Exercise capacity and the risk of death in women: The St JamesWomen Take Heart Project. Circulation 2003;108:1554-1559.
Wei M, Kampert JB, Barlow CE, Nichaman MZ, Gibbons LW, Paffenbarger RS Jr., Blair SN. Relationship between low cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality in normal-weight, overweight, and obese men. JAMA 1999;282:1547-1553.
Zellweger MJ, Hachamovitch R, Kang X, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, Germano G, Berman DS. Threshold, incidence, and predictors of prognostically high-risk silent ischemia in asymptomatic patients without prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2009;16:193-200.
Steg G. ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2012.
Harb SC, Cook T, Jaber WA, Marwick TH. Exercise testing in asymptomatic patients after revascularization: Are outcomes altered? Arch Intern Med 2012;172: 854-861.
Hachamovitch R, Hayes S, Friedman JD, Cohen I, Shaw LJ, Germano G, Berman DS. Determinants of risk and its temporal variation in patients with normal stress myocardial perfusion scans: What is the warranty period of a normal scan? J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:1329-1340.
Carryer DJ, AskewJW, HodgeDO, Miller TD, Gibbons RJ. The timing and impact of follow-up studies after normal stress single-photon emission computed tomography sestamibi studies. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:520-526.
Proudfit WL, Shirey EK, Sones FM Jr. Selective cine coronary arteriography. Correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients. Circulation 1966;33:901-910.
Patel MR, Peterson ED, Dai D, Brennan JM, Redberg RF, Anderson HV, Brindis RG, Douglas PS. Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography. N Eng J Med 2010;362:886-895.
Holubkov R, Laskey WK, Haviland A, Slater JC, Bourassa MG, Vlachos HA, Cohen HA, Williams DO, Kelsey SF, Detre KM. Angina 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention: A report from the NHLBI Dynamic Registry. Am Heart J 2002;144:826-833.
Venkitachalam L, Kip KE, Mulukutla SR, Selzer F, Laskey W, Slater J, Cohen HA, Wilensky RL, Williams DO, Marroquin OC, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Bunker CH, Kelsey SF. Temporal trends in patient-reported angina at 1 year after percutaneous coronary revascularization in the stent era: A report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored 1997-2006 dynamic registry. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2:607-615.
Camici PG, Crea F. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. N Eng J Med 2007;356: 830-840.
Panza JA, Laurienzo JM, Curiel RV, Unger EF, Quyyumi AA, Dilsizian V, Cannon RO 3rd. Investigation of the mechanism of chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries using transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:293-301.
Ong P, Athanasiadis A, Mahrholdt H, Borgulya G, Sechtem U, Kaski JC. Increased coronary vasoconstrictor response to acetylcholine in women with chest pain and normal coronary arteriograms (cardiac syndrome X). Clin Res Cardiol 2012; 101(8):673-81
YilmazA, Hill S, SchaufeleT, Vohringer M, Geissler A, Sechtem U. Exercise-induced spastic coronary artery occlusion at the site of a moderate stenosis: Neither Prinzmetal'S angina nor cardiac syndrome X but Prinzmetal X. Circulation 2010;122: E570-e574.
Prinzmetal M, Kennamer R, Merliss R,Wada T, Bor N. Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report. Am J Med 1959;27:375-388.
Sueda S, Kohno H, Fukuda H, InoueK, Suzuki J,Watanabe K, OchiT, UraokaT. Clinical and angiographical characteristics of acetylcholine- induced spasm: Relationship to dose of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine. Coron Artery Dis 2002;13: 231-236.
Matsubara T, Tamura Y, Yamazoe M, Hori T, Konno T, Ida T, Higuchi K, Takemoto M, Imai S, AizawaY. Correlation between arteriographic and electrocardiographic features during spasm in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Coron Artery Dis 1997;8:525-535.
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2008): Digest version. Circ J 2010;74:1745-1762.
Maseri A, Davies G, Hackett D, Kaski JC. Coronary artery spasm and vasoconstriction. The case for a distinction. Circulation 1990;81:1983-1991.
Mohri M, Koyanagi M, Egashira K, Tagawa H, Ichiki T, Shimokawa H, Takeshita A. Angina pectoris caused by coronary microvascular spasm. Lancet 1998;351: 1165-1169.
Takagi Y, Yasuda S, Takahashi J, Tsunoda R, Ogata Y, Seki A, Sumiyoshi T, Matsui M, Goto T, Tanabe Y, Sueda S, Sato T, Ogawa S, Kubo N, Momomura S, Ogawa H, Shimokawa H, Japanese Coronary Spasm A. Clinical implications of provocation tests for coronary artery spasm: Safety, arrhythmic complications, and prognostic impact: Multicentre registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association. Eur Heart J 2013;34:258-267.
Sueda S, Saeki H, Otani T, Mineoi K, Kondou T, Yano K, Ochi T, Ochi N, Hayashi Y, Tsuruoka T, Kawada H, Matsuda S, Uraoka T. Major complications during spasm provocation tests with an intracoronary injection of acetylcholine. Am J Cardiol 2000;85:391-394, A10.
Morales MA, Lombardi M, Distante A, Carpeggiani C, Reisenhofer B, L?Abbate A. Ergonovine-echo test to assess the significance of chest pain at rest without ECG changes. Eur Heart J 1995;16:1361-1366.
Buxton A, Goldberg S, Hirshfeld JW, Wilson J, Mann T, Williams DO, Overlie P, Oliva P. Refractory ergonovine-induced coronary vasospasm: Importance of intracoronary nitroglycerin. Am J Cardiol 1980;46:329-334.
MeyersDG, Neuberger JS, He J. Cardiovascular effect of bans on smoking in public places: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis. J AmColl Cardiol 2009;54:1249-1255.
Lam Tea. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Tobacco Control, Vol. 11: Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking. IARC,World Health Organization, 2007, 366.
Critchley J, Capewell S. Smoking cessation for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004(1):CD003041.
Hubbard R, Lewis S, Smith C, Godfrey C, Smeeth L, Farrington P, Britton J. Use of nicotine replacement therapy and the risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. Tob Control 2005;14:416-421.
Ludvig J, Miner B, Eisenberg MJ. Smoking cessation in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 2005;149:565-572.
Rigotti NA, Thorndike AN, Regan S, McKool K, Pasternak RC, Chang Y, Swartz S, Torres-Finnerty N, Emmons KM, Singer DE. Bupropion for smokers hospitalized with acute cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2006;119:1080-1087.
Tonstad S, Farsang C, Klaene G, Lewis K, Manolis A, Perruchoud AP, Silagy C, Van Spiegel PI, Astbury C, Hider A, Sweet R. Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: A multicentre, randomised study. Eur Heart J 2003;24:946-955.
Rigotti NA, Pipe AL, Benowitz NL, Arteaga C, Garza D, Tonstad S. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: A randomized trial. Circulation 2010;121:221-229.
Singh S, Loke YK, Spangler JG, Furberg CD. Risk of serious adverse cardiovascular events associated with varenicline: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 2011;183:1359-1366.
Filion KB, ElKhoury F, Bielinski M, Schiller I, DendukuriN, Brophy JM.Omega-3 fatty acids in high-risk cardiovascular patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2010;10:24.
Mozaffarian D, Wu JH. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: Effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58: 2047-2067.
Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, Seo HG. Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements (Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid) in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease:AMeta-analysis of Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo- Controlled Trials. Arch Intern Med 2012;172(9):686-94.
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Covas MI, Pharm D, Corella D, Aros F, Gomez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Basora J, Munoz MA, Sorli JV, Martinez JA, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, the PSI. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. N Eng J Med 2013;368(14):1279-90
Gupta BP, Murad MH, Clifton MM, Prokop L, Nehra A, Kopecky SL. The effect of lifestyle modification and cardiovascular risk factor reduction on erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1797-1803.
Kloner R, Padma-Nathan H. Erectile dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Impot Res 2005;17:209-215.
Russell ST, Khandheria BK, Nehra A. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:782-794.
Kostis JB, Jackson G, Rosen R, Barrett-Connor E, Billups K, Burnett AL, Carson C 3rd, Cheitlin M, Debusk R, Fonseca V, Ganz P, Goldstein I, Guay A, Hatzichristou D, Hollander JE, Hutter A, Katz S, Kloner RA, Mittleman M, Montorsi F, Montorsi P, Nehra A, Sadovsky R, Shabsigh R. Sexual dysfunction and cardiac risk (the Second Princeton Consensus Conference). Am J Cardiol 2005;96:85M-93M.
Kohler M, Stradling JR. Mechanisms of vascular damage in obstructive sleep apnea. Nat Rev Cardiol 2010;7:677-685.
Pasceri V, Patti G, Nusca A, Pristipino C, Richichi G, Di Sciascio G. Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of myocardial damage during coronary intervention: Results from the ARMYDA (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study. Circulation 2004;110:674-678.
Umpierrez GE, Hellman R, Korytkowski MT, Kosiborod M, Maynard GA, Montori VM, Seley JJ, Van den Berghe G, Endocrine S. Management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients in non-critical care setting: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:16-38.
Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, Ambrosioni E, Burnier M, Caulfield MJ, Cifkova R, Clement D, Coca A, Dominiczak A, Erdine S, Fagard R, Farsang C, Grassi G, Haller H, Heagerty A, Kjeldsen SE, Kiowski W, Mallion JM, Manolis A, Narkiewicz K, Nilsson P, Olsen MH, Rahn KH, Redon J, Rodicio J, Ruilope L, Schmieder RE, Struijker-Boudier HA, Van Zwieten PA, Viigimaa M, Zanchetti A. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: A European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. J Hypertens 2009;27:2121-2158.
ManciaGFR, Narkiewicz K, RedonJ, Zanchetti A,BöhmM, ChristiaensT, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleight P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Zannad F; ESH Scientific Council, Redon J, Dominiczak A, Narkiewicz K, Nilsson PM, Burnier M, Viigimaa M, Ambrosioni E, Caufield M, Coca A, Olsen MH, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis C, Van De Borne P; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG), Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, WijnsW, Windecker S; Document Reviewers, Clement DL, Coca A, Gillebert TC,Tendera M, Rosei EA, Ambrosioni E, Anker SD, Bauersachs J, Hitij JB, Caulfield M, De Buyzere M, De Geest S, Derumeaux GA, Erdine S, Farsang C, Funck-Brentano C, Gerc V, Germano G, Gielen S, Haller H, Hoes AW, Jordan J, Kahan T, Komajda M, Lovic D, Mahrholdt H, Olsen MH, Ostergren J, Parati G, Perk J, Polonia J, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Rydén L, Sirenko Y, Stanton A, Struijker-Boudier H, Tsioufis C, Van De Borne P, Vlachopoulos C, Volpe M,Wood DA. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013 [Epub ahead of print] No abstract available.
Piepoli MF, Corra U, Benzer W, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Dendale P, Gaita D, McGee H, Mendes M, Niebauer J, Zwisler AD, Schmid JP. Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: From knowledge to implementation. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010;17: 1-17.
Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, Moxham T, Oldridge N, Rees K, Thompson DR, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20117:CD001800.
Lawler PR, Filion KB, Eisenberg MJ. Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation post-myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 2011;162:571-584 e2.
Nichol KL, Nordin J, Mullooly J, Lask R, Fillbrandt K, Iwane M. Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly. N Eng J Med 2003;348:1322-1332.
Ciszewski A, BilinskaZT, Brydak LB, Kepka C, Kruk M,Romanowska M, Ksiezycka E, Przyluski J, PiotrowskiW, Maczynska R, RuzylloW. Influenza vaccination in secondary prevention from coronary ischaemic events in coronary artery disease: FLUCAD study. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1350-1358.
Manson JE, Hsia J, Johnson KC, Rossouw JE, Assaf AR, Lasser NL, Trevisan M, Black HR, Heckbert SR, Detrano R, Strickland OL, Wong ND, Crouse JR, Stein E, Cushman M. Estrogen plus progestin and the risk of coronary heart disease. N Eng J Med 2003;349:523-534.
Rossouw JE, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Wu L, Barad D, Barnabei VM, Ko M, LaCroix AZ, Margolis KL, Stefanick ML. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease by age and years since menopause. JAMA 2007;297: 1465-1477.
Henderson RA, O?Flynn N. Management of stable angina: Summary of NICE guidance. Heart 2012;98:500-507.
Thadani U, Fung HL, Darke AC, Parker JO. Oral isosorbide dinitrate in angina pectoris: Comparison of duration of action an dose-response relation during acute and sustained therapy. Am J Cardiol 1982;49:411-419.
Parker JO. Eccentric dosing with isosorbide-5-mononitrate in angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1993;72:871-876.
Chrysant SG, Glasser SP, Bittar N, Shahidi FE, Danisa K, Ibrahim R, Watts LE, Garutti RJ, Ferraresi R, Casareto R. Efficacy and safety of extended-release isosorbide mononitrate for stable effort angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1993;72: 1249-1256.
Yusuf S, Wittes J, Friedman L. Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease. I. Treatments following myocardial infarction. JAMA 1988;260: 2088-2093.
Bangalore S, Steg G, Deedwania P, Crowley K, Eagle KA, Goto S, Ohman EM, Cannon CP, Smith SC, Zeymer U, Hoffman EB, Messerli FH, Bhatt DL, Investigators RR. beta-Blocker use and clinical outcomes in stable outpatients with and without coronary artery disease. JAMA 2012;308:1340-1349.
Wallace WA, Wellington KL, Chess MA, Liang CS. Comparison of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system and atenolol on antianginal efficacies and exercise hemodynamic responses in stable angina pectoris.AmJ Cardiol 1994;73:23-28.
De Vries RJ, Van den Heuvel AF, Lok DJ, Claessens RJ, Bernink PJ, Pasteuning WH, Kingma JH, Dunselman PH. Nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system versus atenolol in stable angina pectoris. The NetherlandsWorking Group on Cardiovascular Research (WCN). Int J Cardiol 1996;57:143-150.
Fox KM, Mulcahy D, Findlay I, Ford I, Dargie HJ. The Total Ischaemic Burden European Trial (TIBET). Effects of atenolol, nifedipine SR and their combination on the exercise test and the total ischaemic burden in 608 patients with stable angina. The TIBET Study Group. Eur Heart J 1996;17:96-103.
Van De Ven LL, Vermeulen A, Tans JG, Tans AC, Liem KL, Lageweg NC, Lie KI. Which drug to choose for stable angina pectoris: A comparative study between bisoprolol and nitrates. Int J Cardiol 1995;47:217-223.
Kawanishi DT, Reid CL, Morrison EC, Rahimtoola SH. Response of angina and ischemia to long-term treatment in patients with chronic stable angina: A doubleblind randomized individualized dosing trial of nifedipine, propranolol and their combination. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;19:409-417.
Meyer TE, Adnams C, Commerford P. Comparison of the efficacy of atenolol and its combination with slow-release nifedipine in chronic stable angina. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993;7:909-913.
Steffensen R, Grande P, Pedersen F, Haunso S. Effects of atenolol and diltiazem on exercise tolerance and ambulatory ischaemia. Int J Cardiol 1993;40:143-153.
Parameshwar J, Keegan J, Mulcahy D, Phadke K, Sparrow J, Sutton GC, Fox KM. Atenolol or nicardipine alone is as efficacious in stable angina as their combination: A double blind randomised trial. Int J Cardiol 1993;40:135-141.
Foale RA. Atenolol versus the fixed combination of atenolol and nifedipine in stable angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 1993;14:1369-1374.
Rehnqvist N, Hjemdahl P, Billing E, Bjorkander I, Eriksson SV, Forslund L, Held C, Nasman P,Wallen NH. Effects of metoprolol vs verapamil in patients with stable angina pectoris. The Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm (APSIS). Eur Heart J 1996;17:76-81.
Hjalmarson A, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, Wedel H, Waagstein F, Kjekshus J, Wikstrand J, El Allaf D, Vitovec J, Aldershvile J, Halinen M, Dietz R, Neuhaus KL, Janosi A, Thorgeirsson G, Dunselman PH, Gullestad L, Kuch J, Herlitz J, Rickenbacher P, Ball S, Gottlieb S, Deedwania P. Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: The Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). MERIT-HF Study Group. JAMA 2000;283:1295-1302.
The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): A randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:9-13.
Packer M, Bristow MR, Cohn JN, Colucci WS, Fowler MB, Gilbert EM, Shusterman NH. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. U.S. Carvedilol Heart Failure Study Group. N Eng J Med 1996;334:1349-1355.
Flather MD, Shibata MC, Coats AJ, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Parkhomenko A, Borbola J, Cohen-Solal A, Dumitrascu D, Ferrari R, Lechat P, Soler-Soler J, Tavazzi L, Spinarova L, Toman J, Bohm M, Anker SD, Thompson SG, Poole-Wilson PA. Randomized trial to determine the effect of nebivolol on mortality and cardiovascular hospital admission in elderly patients with heart failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 2005;26:215-225.
Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Marks RG, Kowey P, Messerli FH, Mancia G, Cangiano JL, Garcia-Barreto D, Keltai M, Erdine S, Bristol HA, Kolb HR, Bakris GL, Cohen JD, Parmley WW. A calcium antagonist vs a noncalcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2805-2816.
Ried LD, Tueth MJ, Handberg E, Kupfer S, Pepine CJ. A Study of Antihypertensive Drugs and Depressive Symptoms (SADD-Sx) in patients treated with a calcium antagonist versus an atenolol hypertension Treatment Strategy in the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study (INVEST). Psychosom Med 2005;67:398-406.
Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Libby P, Thompson PD, Ghali M, Garza D, Berman L, Shi H, Buebendorf E, Topol EJ. Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: TheCAMELOTstudy: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292:2217-2225.
Frishman WH, Glasser S, Stone P, Deedwania PC, Johnson M, Fakouhi TD. Comparison of controlled-onset, extended-release verapamil with amlodipine and amlodipine plus atenolol on exercise performance and ambulatory ischemia in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1999;83:507-514.
Tardif JC, Ford I, Tendera M, Bourassa MG, Fox K. Efficacy of ivabradine, a new selective I(f) inhibitor, compared with atenolol in patients with chronic stable angina. Eur Heart J 2005;26:2529-2536.
Tardif JC, Ponikowski P, Kahan T. Efficacy of the I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine in patients with chronic stable angina receiving beta-blocker therapy: A 4-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Heart J 2009;30:540-548.
Ranexa (Ranolazine). http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document- library/EPAR-Summary-for-the-public/human/000805/WC500045940. pdf (23 August 2013).
Izumiya Y, Kojima S, Kojima S, Araki S, Usuku H, Matsubara J, Sakamoto K, Tsujita K, Nagayoshi Y, Kaikita K, Sugiyama S, Ogawa H. Long-term use of oral nicorandil stabilizes coronary plaque in patients with stable angina pectoris. Atherosclerosis 2011; 214:415-421.
Tuunanen H, Engblom E, Naum A, Nagren K, Scheinin M, Hesse B, Juhani Airaksinen KE, Nuutila P, Iozzo P, Ukkonen H, Opie LH, Knuuti J. Trimetazidine, a metabolic modulator, has cardiac and extracardiac benefits in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2008;118:1250-1258.
Detry JM, Sellier P, Pennaforte S, Cokkinos D, Dargie H, Mathes P. Trimetazidine: A new concept in the treatment of angina. Comparison with propranolol in patients with stable angina. Trimetazidine European Multicenter Study Group. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1994;37:279-288.
El-Kady T, El-Sabban K, Gabaly M, Sabry A, Abdel-Hady S. Effects of trimetazidine on myocardial perfusion and the contractile response of chronically dysfunctional myocardium in ischemic cardiomyopathy: A 24-month study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2005;5:271-278.
Questions and answers on the review of medicines containing trimetazidine (20 mg tablets, 35 mg modified release tablet and 20 mg/ml oral solution). http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/Referrals-document/ Trimetazidine-31/WC500129195.pdf (9 March 2012).
Fragasso G, Piatti Md PM, Monti L, Palloshi A, Setola E, Puccetti P, Calori G, Lopaschuk GD, Margonato A. Short- and long-term beneficial effects of trimetazidine in patients with diabetes and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 2003;146: E18.
Jerling M. Clinical pharmacokinetics of ranolazine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2006;45: 469-491.
Timmis AD, Chaitman BR, Crager M. Effects of ranolazine on exercise tolerance andHbA1c in patients with chronic angina and diabetes. Eur Heart J 2006;27:42-48.
Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Murphy SA, Budaj A, Varshavsky S,Wolff AA, Skene A, McCabe CH, Braunwald E. Effects of ranolazine on recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: The MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized trial. JAMA 2007;297: 1775-1783.
Morrow DA, Scirica BM, Chaitman BR, McGuire DK, Murphy SA, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E,McCabe CH,Braunwald E. Evaluation of the glycometabolic effects of ranolazine in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized controlled trial. Circulation 2009;119:2032-2039.
Wilson SR, Scirica BM, Braunwald E, Murphy SA, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Buros JL, Chaitman BR, Morrow DA. Efficacy of ranolazine in patients with chronic angina observations from the randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled MERLIN-TIMI (Metabolic Efficiency With Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes) 36 Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1510-1516.
Kosiborod M, Arnold SV, Spertus JA, McGuire DK, Li Y, Yue P, Ben-Yehuda O, Katz A, Jones PG, Olmsted A, Belardinelli L, Chaitman BR. Evaluation of Ranolazine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Stable Angina. Results from the TERISA randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61(20):2038-45
Noman A, Ang DS, Ogston S, Lang CC, Struthers AD. Effect of high-dose allopurinol on exercise in patients with chronic stable angina: A randomised, placebo controlled crossover trial. Lancet 2010;375:2161-2167.
Wagner F, Gohlke-Barwolf C, Trenk D, Jahnchen E, Roskamm H. Differences in the antiischaemic effects of molsidomine and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) during acute and short-term administration in stable angina pectoris. Eur Heart J 1991;12: 994-999.
Ho JE, Bittner V, Demicco DA, Breazna A, Deedwania PC,Waters DD. Usefulness of heart rate at rest as a predictor of mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke in patients with stable coronary heart disease (Data from the Treating to New Targets [TNT] trial). Am J Cardiol 2010;105:905-911.
Kolloch R, Legler UF, Champion A, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Handberg E, Zhou Q, Pepine CJ. Impact of resting heart rate on outcomes in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: Findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/trandolapril STudy (INVEST). Eur Heart J 2008;29:1327-1334.
Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, Tendera M, Robertson M, Ferrari R, investigators B. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and leftventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): A subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:817-821.
Opie LH, Horowitz JD. Nitrates and newer anti-anginals. In. Drugs for the Heart. 8th ed: Elsevier, 2012.
Short PM, Lipworth SI, Elder DH, Schembri S, Lipworth BJ. Effect of beta blockers in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2011;342:d2549.
Davies RF, Habibi H, Klinke WP, Dessain P, Nadeau C, Phaneuf DC, Lepage S, Raman S, Herbert M, Foris K et al. Effect of amlodipine, atenolol and their combination on myocardial ischemia during treadmill exercise and ambulatory monitoring. Canadian Amlodipine/Atenolol in Silent Ischemia Study (CASIS) Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:619-625.
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy: I: Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Antiplatelet Trialists? Collaboration. BMJ 1994; 308:81-106.
Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324: 71-86.
Juul-Moller S, Edvardsson N, Jahnmatz B, Rosen A, Sorensen S, Omblus R. Doubleblind trial of aspirin in primary prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with stable chronic angina pectoris. The Swedish Angina Pectoris Aspirin Trial (SAPAT) Group. Lancet 1992;340:1421-1425.
Arandomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. Lancet 1996;348:1329-1339.
Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, Tantry US, Gesheff T,Wei C, Teng R, Antonino MJ, Patil SB, Karunakaran A, Kereiakes DJ, Parris C, Purdy D, Wilson V, Ledley GS, Storey RF. Randomized double-blind assessment of the ONSET and OFFSET of the antiplatelet effects of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: TheONSET/OFFSET study. Circulation 2009;120:2577-2585.
Jernberg T, Payne CD, Winters KJ, Darstein C, Brandt JT, Jakubowski JA, Naganuma H, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L. Prasugrel achieves greater inhibition of platelet aggregation and a lower rate of non-responders compared with clopidogrel in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2006;27:1166-1173.
Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, Neumann FJ, Ardissino D, De Servi S, Murphy SA, Riesmeyer J, Weerakkody G, Gibson CM, Antman EM. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Eng J Med 2007;357:2001-2015.
Cannon CP, Harrington RA, James S, Ardissino D, Becker RC, Emanuelsson H, Husted S, Katus H, Keltai M, Khurmi NS, Kontny F, Lewis BS, Steg PG, Storey RF, Wojdyla D, Wallentin L. Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in patients with a planned invasive strategy for acute coronary syndromes (PLATO): A randomised double-blind study. Lancet 2010;375:283-293.
Roe MT, Armstrong PW, Fox KA, White HD, Prabhakaran D, Goodman SG, Cornel JH, Bhatt DL, Clemmensen P, Martinez F, Ardissino D, Nicolau JC, Boden WE, Gurbel PA, Ruzyllo W, Dalby AJ, McGuire DK, Leiva-Pons JL, Parkhomenko A, Gottlieb S, Topacio GO, Hamm C, Pavlides G, Goudev AR, Oto A, Tseng CD, Merkely B, Gasparovic V, Corbalan R, Cinteza M, McLendon RC, Winters KJ, Brown EB, Lokhnygina Y, Aylward PE, Huber K, Hochman JS, Ohman EM. Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel for Acute Coronary Syndromes without Revascularization. N Eng J Med 2012; 367(14):1297-309
Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Bonaca MP, Ameriso SF, Dalby AJ, Fish MP, Fox KA, Lipka LJ, Liu X, Nicolau JC, Ophuis AJ, Paolasso E, Scirica BM, Spinar J, Theroux P, Wiviott SD, Strony J, Murphy SA. Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Eng J Med 2012;366:1404-1413.
Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Bhatt DL, Fox KA, HackeW, Berger PB, Black HR, BodenWE,Cacoub P,CohenEA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Flather MD, Haffner SM, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR,Weber MA, Brennan DM, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Booth J, Topol EJ. Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Eng J Med 2006;354:1706-1717.
Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, Berger PB, Black HR, Boden WE, Cacoub P, Cohen EA, Creager MA, Easton JD, Hamm CW, Hankey GJ, Johnston SC, Mak KH, Mas JL, Montalescot G, Pearson TA, Steg PG, Steinhubl SR,Weber MA, Fabry-Ribaudo L, Hu T, Topol EJ, Fox KA. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1982-1988.
Scirica BM, Bonaca MP, Braunwald E, De Ferrari GM, Isaza D, Lewis BS, Mehrhof F, Merlini PA, Murphy SA, Sabatine MS, Tendera M, Van De Werf F, Wilcox R, Morrow DA, Investigators TRAdP-TSC. Vorapaxar for secondary prevention of thrombotic events for patients with previous myocardial infarction: A prespecified subgroup analysis of the TRA 2 degrees P-TIMI 50 trial. Lancet 2012;380:1317-1324.
Mega JL, Simon T, Collet JP, Anderson JL, Antman EM, Bliden K, Cannon CP, Danchin N, Giusti B, Gurbel P, Horne BD, Hulot JS, Kastrati A, Montalescot G, Neumann FJ, Shen L, Sibbing D, Steg PG, Trenk D, Wiviott SD, Sabatine MS. Reduced-function CYP2C19 genotype and risk of adverse clinical outcomes among patients treated with clopidogrel predominantly for PCI: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2010;304:1821-1830.
Collet JP, Cuisset T, Range G, Cayla G, Elhadad S, Pouillot C, Henry P, Motreff P, Carrie D, Boueri Z, Belle L, Van Belle E, Rousseau H, Aubry P, Monsegu J, Sabouret P, O?Connor SA, Abtan J, Kerneis M, Saint-Etienne C, Barthelemy O, Beygui F, Silvain J, Vicaut E, Montalescot G, Investigators A. Bedside monitoring to adjust antiplatelet therapy for coronary stenting. N Eng J Med 2012;367: 2100-2109.
Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. The SOLVDInvestigators.NEng J Med 1991;325: 293-302.
Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ Jr., Cuddy TE, Davis BR, Geltman EM, Goldman S, FlakerGCet al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Eng J Med 1992;327:669-677.
Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kober L, Pfeffer M, Hall A, Murray G, Torp-Pedersen C, Ball S, Pogue J, Moye L, Braunwald E. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: A systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Lancet 2000;355:1575-1581.
Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, Bosch J, Davies R, Dagenais G. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Eng J Med 2000;342:145-153.
Fox KM. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: Randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003;362:782-788.
Dagenais GR, Pogue J, Fox K, Simoons ML, Yusuf S. Angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitors in stable vascular disease without left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure: A combined analysis of three trials. Lancet 2006;368:581-588.
Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, Harrap S, Poulter N, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Grobbee DE, Hamet P, Heller S, Liu LS, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Pan CY, Rodgers A, Williams B. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370:829-840.
Braunwald E, Domanski MJ, Fowler SE, Geller NL, Gersh BJ, Hsia J, Pfeffer MA, Rice MM, Rosenberg YD, Rouleau JL, Investigators PT. Angiotensin- converting-enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N Eng J Med 2004;351:2058-2068.
Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers DG, Caulfield M, Collins R, Kjeldsen SE, Kristinsson A, McInnes GT, Mehlsen J, Nieminen M, O?Brien E, Ostergren J. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial- Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): A multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:895-906.
Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlof B, Pitt B, Shi V, Hester A, Gupte J, Gatlin M, Velazquez EJ. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Eng J Med 2008;359:2417-2428.
Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson C. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Eng J Med 2008;358:1547-1559.
Mann JF, Schmieder RE, McQueen M, Dyal L, Schumacher H, Pogue J, Wang X, Maggioni A, Budaj A, Chaithiraphan S, Dickstein K, Keltai M, Metsarinne K, Oto A, Parkhomenko A, Piegas LS, Svendsen TL, Teo KK, Yusuf S. Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (theONTARGET study): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372: 547-553.
Pitt B, RemmeW, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, Bittman R, Hurley S, Kleiman J, Gatlin M. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Eng J Med 2003;348: 1309-1321.
Mukherjee D, Nissen SE, Topol EJ. Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors. JAMA 2001;286:954-959.
Bresalier RS, Sandler RS, Quan H, Bolognese JA, Oxenius B, Horgan K, Lines C, Riddell R, Morton D, Lanas A, Konstam MA, Baron JA. Cardiovascular events associated with rofecoxib in a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial. N Eng J Med 2005;352:1092-1102.
Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, Anderson WF, Zauber A, Hawk E, Bertagnolli M. Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Eng J Med 2005;352: 1071-1080.
Sueda S, Kohno H, Fukuda H,Watanabe K, Ochi N, Kawada H, Uraoka T. Limitations of medical therapy in patients with pure coronary spastic angina. Chest 2003;123:380-386.
Collaborative overview of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy: III: Reduction in venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism by antiplatelet prophylaxis among surgical and medical patients. Antiplatelet Trialists? Collaboration. BMJ 1994;308: 235-246.
Cannon RO 3rd,Watson RM, Rosing DR, Epstein SE. Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve. Am J Cardiol 1985;56:242-246.
Chen JW, Lee WL, HsuNW, Lin SJ, Ting CT,Wang SP, Chang MS. Effects of shortterm treatment of nicorandil on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and abnormal cardiacautonomic activity in microvascular angina.AmJ Cardiol 1997;80:32-38.
Albertsson PA, Emanuelsson H, Milsom I. Beneficial effect of treatment with transdermal estradiol-17-beta on exercise-induced angina and STsegment depression in syndrome X. Int J Cardiol 1996;54:13-20.
Fabian E, Varga A, Picano E, Vajo Z, Ronaszeki A, Csanady M. Effect of simvastatin on endothelial function in cardiac syndromeXpatients.AmJ Cardiol 2004;94:652-655.
Lanza GA, Colonna G, Pasceri V, Maseri A. Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:854-856, A8.
Emdin M, Picano E, Lattanzi F, L?Abbate A. Improved exercise capacity with acute aminophylline administration in patients with syndrome X. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14:1450-1453.
Cannon RO 3rd, Quyyumi AA, Mincemoyer R, Stine AM, Gracely RH, Smith WB, Geraci MF, Black BC, Uhde TW,Waclawiw MA et al. Imipramine in patients with chest pain despite normal coronary angiograms.NEng JMed1994;330:1411-1417.
Sgueglia GA, Sestito A, Spinelli A, Cioni B, Infusino F, Papacci F, Bellocci F, Meglio M, Crea F, Lanza GA. Long-term follow-up of patients with cardiac syndrome X treated by spinal cord stimulation. Heart 2007;93:591-597.
Yasue H, Takizawa A, Nagao M, Nishida S, Horie M, Kubota J, Omote S, Takaoka K, Okumura K. Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and influential factors. Circulation 1988;78:1-9.
Frenneaux M, Kaski JC, Brown M, Maseri A. Refractory variant angina relieved by guanethidine and clonidine. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:832-833.
Gaspardone A, Tomai F, Versaci F, Ghini AS, Polisca P, Crea F, Chiariello L, Gioffre PA. Coronary artery stent placement in patients with variant angina refractory to medical treatment. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:96-98, A8.
Abbate A, Hamza M, Cassano AD, Melchior R, Roberts C, Grizzard J, Shah K, Hastillo A, KasirajanV, Crea F, Lanza GA, VetrovecGW. Sympathectomy as a treatment for refractory coronary artery spasm. Int J Cardiol 2012;161(1):e7-9.
Montalescot G, White HD, Gallo R, Cohen M, Steg PG, Aylward PE, Bode C, Chiariello M, King SB 3rd, Harrington RA, Desmet WJ, Macaya C, Steinhubl SR. Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention. N Eng J Med 2006;355:1006-1017.
Lincoff AM, Bittl JA, Harrington RA, Feit F, Kleiman NS, Jackman JD, Sarembock IJ, Cohen DJ, Spriggs D, Ebrahimi R, Keren G, Carr J, Cohen EA, Betriu A, DesmetW, Kereiakes DJ, RutschW, Wilcox RG, De Feyter PJ, Vahanian A, Topol EJ. Bivalirudin and provisional glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with heparin and planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade during percutaneous coronary intervention: REPLACE-2 randomized trial. JAMA 2003;289:853-863.
Singh M, Gersh BJ, Lennon RJ, Ting HH, Holmes DR Jr., Doyle BJ, Rihal CS. Outcomes of a system-wide protocol for elective and nonelective coronary angioplasty at sites without on-site surgery: TheMayoClinic experience.Mayo Clin Proc 2009;84: 501-508.
Stettler C,Wandel S, Allemann S, Kastrati A, Morice MC, Schomig A, Pfisterer ME, StoneGW, Leon MB, De Lezo JS, Goy JJ, Park SJ, Sabate M, Suttorp MJ, Kelbaek H, Spaulding C, Menichelli M, Vermeersch P, Dirksen MT, Cervinka P, Petronio AS, Nordmann AJ, Diem P, Meier B, Zwahlen M, Reichenbach S, Trelle S, Windecker S, Juni P. Outcomes associated with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: A collaborative network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007;370:937-948.
Schomig A, Dibra A, Windecker S, Mehilli J, Suarez De Lezo J, Kaiser C, Park SJ, Goy JJ, Lee JH, Di Lorenzo E, Wu J, Juni P, Pfisterer ME, Meier B, Kastrati A. A meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials of sirolimus-eluting stents versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:1373-1380.
Sarno G, Lagerqvist B, Frobert O, Nilsson J, Olivecrona G, Omerovic E, Saleh N, Venetzanos D, James S. Lower risk of stent thrombosis and restenosis with unrestricted use of ?new-generation? drug-eluting stents: A report from the nationwide Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR). Eur Heart J 2012;33:606-613.
Bellemain-Appaix A, O?Connor SA, Silvain J, Cucherat M, Beygui F, Barthelemy O, Collet JP, Jacq L, Bernasconi F, Montalescot G, Group A. Association of clopidogrel pretreatment with mortality, cardiovascular events, and major bleeding among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2012;308:2507-2516.
Widimsky P, Motovska Z, Kala SS, Pudil P, Holm R, Petr F, Bilkova R, Skalicka D, Kuchynka H, Poloczek P, Miklik M, Maly R, Aschermann MM; Prague- Trial Investigators. Clopidogrel pre-treatment in stable angina: For all patients.6 h before elective coronary angiography or only for angiographically selected patients a few minutes before PCI? A randomized multicentre trial PRAGUE-8. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1495-1503.
Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT 3rd, Fry ET, DeLago A, Wilmer C, Topol EJ; CREDO Investigators. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288:2411-2420.
Iakovou I, Schmidt T, Bonizzoni E, Ge L, Sangiorgi GM, Stankovic G, Airoldi F, Chieffo A, Montorfano M, Carlino M, Michev I, Corvaja N, Briguori C, Gerckens U, Grube E, Colombo A. Incidence, predictors, and outcome of thrombosis after successful implantation of drug-eluting stents. JAMA 2005;293: 2126-2130.
Eisenberg MJ, Richard PR, Libersan D, Filion KB. Safety of short-term discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy in patients with drug-eluting stents. Circulation 2009; 119:1634-1642.
Stefanini GG, Kalesan B, Serruys PW, Heg D, Buszman P, Linke A, Ischinger T, Klauss V, Eberli F, Wijns W, Morice MC, Di Mario C, Corti R, Antoni D, Sohn HY, Eerdmans P, Van Es GA, Meier B, Windecker S, Juni P. Long-term clinical outcomes of biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with coronary artery disease (LEADERS): 4 year follow-up of a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2011; 378:1940-1948.
Baber U, Mehran R, Sharma SK, Brar S, Yu J, Suh JW, Kim HS, Park SJ, Kastrati A, De Waha A, Krishnan P, Moreno P, Sweeny J, Kim MC, Suleman J, Pyo R, Wiley J, Kovacic J, Kini AS, Dangas GD. Impact of the everolimus-eluting stent on stent thrombosis: A meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58: 1569-1577.
Airoldi F, Colombo A, Morici N, Latib A, Cosgrave J, Buellesfeld L, Bonizzoni E, Carlino M, Gerckens U, Godino C, Melzi G, Michev I, Montorfano M, Sangiorgi GM, Qasim A, Chieffo A, Briguori C, Grube E. Incidence and predictors of drug-eluting stent thrombosis during and after discontinuation of thienopyridine treatment. Circulation 2007;116:745-754.
Schulz S, Schuster T, Mehilli J, Byrne RA, Ellert J, Massberg S, Goedel J, Bruskina O, Ulm K, Schomig A, Kastrati A. Stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent implantation: Incidence, timing, and relation to discontinuation of clopidogrel therapy over a 4-year period. Eur Heart J 2009;30:2714-2721.
Valgimigli M, Campo G, Monti M, Vranckx P, Percoco G, Tumscitz C, Castriota F, Colombo F, Tebaldi M, Fuca G, Kubbajeh M, Cangiano E, Minarelli M, Scalone A, Cavazza C, Frangione A, Borghesi M, Marchesini J, Parrinello G, Ferrari R. Shortversus long-term duration of dual-antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting: A randomized multicenter trial. Circulation 2012;125:2015-2026.
GwonHC,Hahn JY, ParkKW, Song YB, Chae IH, Lim DS, HanKR, Choi JH, Choi SH, Kang HJ, Koo BK, AhnT, Yoon JH, Jeong MH, Hong TJ, ChungWY, Choi YJ, Hur SH, Kwon HM, Jeon DW, Kim BO, Park SH, Lee NH, Jeon HK, Jang Y, Kim HS. Sixmonth versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents: The Efficacy of Xience/Promus Versus Cypher to Reduce Late Loss After Stenting (EXCELLENT) randomized, multicenter study. Circulation 2012;125: 505-513.
Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheugt FW, Kelder JC, De Smet BJ, Herrman JP, Adriaenssens T, Vrolix M, Heestermans AA, Vis MM, Tijsen JG, Van ?t Hof AW, ten Berg JM, investigators Ws. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: An open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2013;381:1107-1115.
Price MJ, Berger PB, Teirstein PS, Tanguay JF, Angiolillo DJ, Spriggs D, Puri S, Robbins M, Garratt KN, Bertrand OF, Stillabower ME, Aragon JR, Kandzari DE, Stinis CT, Lee MS, Manoukian SV, Cannon CP, Schork NJ, Topol EJ; GRAVITAS Investigators. Standard- vs high-dose clopidogrel based on platelet function testing after percutaneous coronary intervention: The GRAVITAS randomized trial. JAMA 2011;305:1097-1105.
Pijls NH, Fearon WF, Tonino PA, Siebert U, Ikeno F, Bornschein B, van?t Veer M, Klauss V, Manoharan G, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Ver Lee PN, MacCarthy PA, De Bruyne B. Fractional flow reserve versus angiography for guiding percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: 2-year follow-up of the FAME (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:177-184.
De Bruyne B, Pijls NH, Kalesan B, Barbato E, Tonino PA, Piroth Z, Jagic N, Mobius-Winckler S, Rioufol G, Witt N, Kala P, MacCarthy P, Engstrom T, Oldroyd KG, Mavromatis K, Manoharan G, Verlee P, Frobert O, Curzen N, Johnson JB, Juni P, Fearon WF. Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Eng J Med 2012;367:991-1001.
Hamilos M, Muller O, Cuisset T, Ntalianis A, Chlouverakis G, Sarno G, Nelis O, Bartunek J, Vanderheyden M, Wyffels E, Barbato E, Heyndrickx GR, Wijns W, De Bruyne B. Long-term clinical outcome after fractional flow reserve-guided treatment in patients with angiographically equivocal left main coronary artery stenosis. Circulation 2009;120:1505-1512.
Ntalianis A, Sels JW, Davidavicius G, Tanaka N, Muller O, Trana C, Barbato E, Hamilos M, Mangiacapra F, Heyndrickx GR, WijnsW, Pijls NH, De Bruyne B. Fractional flow reserve for the assessment of nonculprit coronary artery stenoses in patients with acute myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2010;3: 1274-1281.
Jasti V, Ivan E, Yalamanchili V,Wongpraparut N, Leesar MA. Correlations between fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound in patients with an ambiguous left main coronary artery stenosis. Circulation 2004;110:2831-2836.
Barlis P, Schmitt JM. Current and future developments in intracoronary optical coherence tomography imaging. EuroIntervention 2009;4:529-533.
Pijls NH, Van Schaardenburgh P, Manoharan G, Boersma E, Bech JW, van?t Veer M, Bar F, Hoorntje J, Koolen J, WijnsW, De BruyneB. Percutaneous coronary intervention of functionally nonsignificant stenosis: 5-year follow-up of the DEFER Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:2105-2111.
Prati F, Regar E, Mintz GS, Arbustini E, Di Mario C, Jang IK, Akasaka T, Costa M, Guagliumi G, Grube E, Ozaki Y, Pinto F, Serruys PW. Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: Physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2010;31: 401-415.
Loop FD, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, Stewart RW, Goormastic M, Williams GW, Golding LA, Gill CC, Taylor PC, Sheldon WC et al. Influence of the internal-mammary-artery graft on 10-year survival and other cardiac events. N Eng J Med 1986;314:1-6.
Endo M, NishidaH, TomizawaY, Kasanuki H. Benefit of bilateral over single internal mammary artery grafts for multiple coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation 2001;104:2164-2170.
Dion R, Glineur D, Derouck D, Verhelst R, Noirhomme P, El Khoury G, Degrave E, Hanet C. Long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up of sequential internal thoracic artery grafting. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2000;17:407-414.
Taggart DP, D?Amico R, Altman DG. Effect of arterial revascularisation on survival: A systematic review of studies comparing bilateral and single internal mammary arteries. Lancet 2001;358:870-875.
Grau JB, Ferrari G, Mak AW, Shaw RE, Brizzio ME, Mindich BP, Strobeck J, Zapolanski A. Propensity matched analysis of bilateral internal mammary artery versus single left internal mammary artery grafting at 17-year follow-up: Validation of a contemporary surgical experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012;41:770-775; discussion 776.
Kurlansky PA, Traad EA, Dorman MJ, Galbut DL, Zucker M, Ebra G. Thirty-year follow-up defines survival benefit for second internal mammary artery in propensity-matched groups. Ann Thorac Surg 2010;90:101-108.
TaggartDP, Altman DG, Gray AM, Lees B, Nugara F, YuLM, Campbell H, Flather M. Randomized trial to compare bilateral vs. single internal mammary coronary artery bypass grafting: 1-year results of the Arterial Revascularisation Trial (ART). Eur Heart J 2010;31:2470-2481.
AthanasiouT, Saso S, Rao C, Vecht J, Grapsa J, Dunning J, LemmaM, Casula R. Radial artery versus saphenous vein conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery: Forty years of competition: Which conduit offers better patency? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011;40:208-220.
Benedetto U, Angeloni E, Refice S, Sinatra R. Radial artery versus saphenous vein graft patency: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:229-231.
Collins P, Webb CM, Chong CF, Moat NE. Radial artery versus saphenous vein patency randomized trial: Five-year angiographic follow-up. Circulation 2008;117: 2859-2864.
Deb S, Cohen EA, Singh SK, Une D, Laupacis A, Fremes SE. Radial artery and saphenous vein patency more than 5 years after coronary artery bypass surgery: Results from RAPS (Radial Artery Patency Study). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:28-35.
Takagi H, Tanabashi T, Kawai N, Kato T, Umemoto T. Off-pump coronary artery bypass sacrifices graft patency: Meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007;133:e2-e3.
Shroyer AL, Grover FL, Hattler B, Collins JF, McDonald GO, Kozora E, Lucke JC, Baltz JH, Novitzky D. On-pump versus off-pump coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Eng J Med 2009;361:1827-1837.
Buffolo E, Andrade JC, Succi JE, Leao LE, Cueva C, Branco JN, Gallucci C. [Direct revascularization of the myocardium without extracorporeal circulation. Description of the technic and preliminary results]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1982;38:365-373.
Lamy A, Devereaux PJ, Prabhakaran D, Taggart DP, Hu S, Paolasso E, Straka Z, Piegas LS, Akar AR, Jain AR, Noiseux N, Padmanabhan C, Bahamondes JC, Novick RJ, Vaijyanath P, Reddy S, Tao L, Olavegogeascoechea PA, Airan B, Sulling TA, Whitlock RP, Ou Y, Ng J, Chrolavicius S, Yusuf S. Off-pump or on-pump coronary-artery bypass grafting at 30 days. N Eng J Med 2012;366: 1489-1497.
AfilaloJ, Rasti M, Ohayon SM, Shimony A, Eisenberg MJ. Off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: An updated meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1257-1267.
Hannan EL, Wu C, Smith CR, Higgins RS, Carlson RE, Culliford AT, Gold JP, Jones RH. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Differences in short-term outcomes and in long-termmortality and need for subsequent revascularization. Circulation 2007;116:1145-1152.
Puskas JD, Thourani VH, Kilgo P, Cooper W, Vassiliades T, Vega JD, Morris C, Chen E, Schmotzer BJ, Guyton RA, Lattouf OM. Off-pump coronary artery bypass disproportionately benefits high-risk patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88: 1142-1147.
Kuss O, von Salviati B, Borgermann J. Off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic reviewand meta-analysis of propensity score analyses. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:829-835; 835 e1-e13.
Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M, Yang M, Cohen DJ, Rosenberg Y, Solomon SD, Desai AS, Gersh BJ, Magnuson EA, Lansky A, Boineau R, Weinberger J, Ramanathan K, Sousa JE, Rankin J, Bhargava B, Buse J, Hueb W, Smith CR, Muratov V, Bansilal S, King S 3rd, Bertrand M, Fuster V; FREEDOM Trial Investigators. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2375-2384.
Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Stahle E, Feldman TE, Van den Brand M, Bass EJ, Van Dyck N, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Eng J Med 2009;360:961-972.
Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Garg S, Sarno G, Van den Brand M, Kappetein AP, Van Dyck N, Mack M, Holmes D, Feldman T, Morice MC, Colombo A, Bass E, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Van Es GA, Morel MA, Mohr FW. Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study. EuroIntervention 2009;5:50-56.
Bonow RO, Maurer G, Lee KL, Holly TA, Binkley PF, Desvigne-Nickens P, Drozdz J, Farsky PS, FeldmanAM, Doenst T, Michler RE, Berman DS, Nicolau JC, Pellikka PA, Wrobel K, Alotti N, Asch FM, Favaloro LE, She L, Velazquez EJ, Jones RH, Panza JA. Myocardial viability and survival in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction.NEng J Med 2011;364:1617-1625.
Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, Deja MA, Jain A, Sopko G, Marchenko A, Ali IS, Pohost G, Gradinac S, Abraham WT, Yii M, Prabhakaran D, Szwed H, Ferrazzi P, Petrie MC, O?Connor CM, Panchavinnin P, She L, Bonow RO, Rankin GR, Jones RH, Rouleau JL. Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N Eng J Med 2011;364:1607-1616.
Erne P, Schoenenberger AW, Burckhardt D, Zuber M, Kiowski W, Buser PT, Dubach P, Resink TJ, Pfisterer M. Effects of percutaneous coronary interventions in silent ischemia after myocardial infarction: The SWISSI II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;297:1985-1991.
Madsen JK, Grande P, Saunamaki K, Thayssen P, Kassis E, Eriksen U, Rasmussen K, Haunso S, Nielsen TT, Haghfelt T, Fritz-Hansen P, Hjelms E, Paulsen PK, Alstrup P, Arendrup H, Niebuhr-Jorgensen U, Andersen LI. Danish multicenter randomized study of invasive versus conservative treatment in patients with inducible ischemia after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction(DANAMI). DANish trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 1997;96:748-755.
Madsen JK, Nielsen TT, Grande P, Eriksen UH, Saunamaki K, Thayssen P, Kassis E, Rasmussen K, Haunso S, HaghfeltT, Fritz-Hansen P, HjelmsE, Paulsen PK, Alstrup P, Arendrup H, Niebuhr-Jorgensen U, Andersen LI. Revascularization compared to medical treatment in patients with silent vs. symptomatic residual ischemia after thrombolyzed myocardial infarction: The DANAMI study. Cardiology 2007;108: 243-251.
Hochman JS, Lamas GA, Buller CE, Dzavik V, Reynolds HR, Abramsky SJ, Forman S, RuzylloW, Maggioni AP, White H, Sadowski Z, Carvalho AC, Rankin JM, Renkin JP, Steg PG, Mascette AM, Sopko G, Pfisterer ME, Leor J, Fridrich V, Mark DB, Knatterud GL. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Eng J Med 2006;355:2395-2407.
Yousef ZR, Redwood SR, Bucknall CA, Sulke AN, Marber MS. Late intervention after anterior myocardial infarction: Effects on left ventricular size, function, quality of life, and exercise tolerance: Results of the Open Artery Trial (TOAT Study). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:869-876.
Steg PG, Thuaire C, Himbert D, Carrie D, Champagne S, Coisne D, Khalife K, Cazaux P, Logeart D, Slama M, Spaulding C, Cohen A, Tirouvanziam A, Montely JM, Rodriguez RM, Garbarz E, Wijns W, Durand-Zaleski I, Porcher R, Brucker L, Chevret S, Chastang C. DECOPI (DEsobstruction COronaire en Post- Infarctus): A randomized multi-centre trial of occluded artery angioplasty after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2004;25:2187-2194.
The TIMI Study Group. Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial. N Engl J Med 1989;320:618-627.
SWIFTtrial of delayed elective intervention v conservative treatment after thrombolysis with anistreplase in acute myocardial infarction. SWIFT (Should We Intervene Following Thrombolysis?) Trial Study Group. BMJ 1991;302:555-560.
Barbash GI, Roth A, Hod H, Modan M, Miller HI, Rath S, Zahav YH, Keren G, Motro M, Shachar A et al. Randomized controlled trial of late in-hospital angiography and angioplasty versus conservative management after treatment with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:538-545.
Verheugt FW. Lyse now, stent later: The grace of GRACIA. Lancet 2004;364: 1014-1015.
Collet JP, Montalescot G, Le May M, Borentain M, Gershlick A. Percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis: A multiple meta-analyses approach according to the type of strategy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1326-1335.
Cassar A, HolmesDRJr., Rihal CS, Gersh BJ. Chronic coronary artery disease: Diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc 2009;84:1130-1146.
Kaiser GC, Davis KB, Fisher LD, MyersWO,Foster ED, Passamani ER, Gillespie MJ. Survival following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe angina pectoris (CASS). An observational study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985;89: 513-524.
Yusuf S, Zucker D, Chalmers TC. Ten-year results of the randomized control trials of coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Tabular data compiled by the collaborative effort of the original trial investigators. Part 1 of Online J Curr Clin Trials 1994;Doc No 145.
Jones RH, Kesler K, Phillips HR 3rd, Mark DB, Smith PK, Nelson CL, Newman MF, Reves JG, AndersonRW, Califf RM. Long-term survival benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;111:1013-1125.
Rihal CS, Raco DL, Gersh BJ, Yusuf S. Indications for coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention in chronic stable angina: Review of the evidence and methodological considerations. Circulation 2003;108:2439-2445.
Vlietstra RE, Assad-Morell JL, Frye RL, Elveback LR, Connolly DC, Ritman EL, Pluth JR, Barnhorst DA, Danielson GK,Wallace RB. Survival predictors in coronary artery disease. Medical and surgical comparisons. Mayo Clin Proc 1977;52:85-90.
Alderman EL, Fisher LD, Litwin P, Kaiser GC, Myers WO, Maynard C, Levine F, Schloss M. Results of coronary artery surgery in patients with poor left ventricular function (CASS). Circulation 1983;68:785-795.
O?Connor CM, Velazquez EJ, Gardner LH, Smith PK, Newman MF, Landolfo KP, Lee KL, Califf RM, Jones RH. Comparison of coronary artery bypass grafting versus medical therapy on long-term outcome in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (a 25-year experience from the Duke Cardiovascular Disease Databank). Am J Cardiol 2002;90:101-107.
Tarakji KG, Brunken R, McCarthy PM, Al-Chekakie MO, Abdel-Latif A, Pothier CE, Blackstone EH, Lauer MS. Myocardial viability testing and the effect of early intervention in patients with advanced left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Circulation 2006;113:230-237.
TsuyukiRT, Shrive FM, Galbraith PD, KnudtsonML, GrahamMM. Revascularization in patients with heart failure. CMAJ 2006;175:361-365.
Passamani E, Davis KB, Gillespie MJ, Killip T. A randomized trial of coronary artery bypass surgery. Survival of patients with a low ejection fraction. N Eng J Med 1985; 312:1665-1671.
Dzavik V, GhaliWA, Norris C, Mitchell LB, Koshal A, Saunders LD, Galbraith PD, HuiW, Faris P, Knudtson ML. Long-term survival in 11,661 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease in the era of stenting: A report from the Alberta Provincial Project forOutcome Assessment inCoronary Heart Disease(APPROACH)Investigators. Am Heart J 2001;142:119-126.
Jones EL, Weintraub WS. The importance of completeness of revascularization during long-term follow-up after coronary artery operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996;112:227-237.
Myers WO, Schaff HV, Gersh BJ, Fisher LD, Kosinski AS, Mock MB, Holmes DR, Ryan TJ, Kaiser GC. Improved survival of surgically treated patients with triple vessel coronary artery disease and severe angina pectoris. A report from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;97: 487-495.
Smith PK, Califf RM, Tuttle RH, Shaw LK, Lee KL, Delong ER, Lilly RE, SketchMHJr., Peterson ED, Jones RH. Selection of surgical or percutaneous coronary intervention provides differential longevity benefit. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:1420-1428; discussion 1428-1429.
Varnauskas E. Twelve-year follow-up of survival in the randomized European Coronary Surgery Study. N Eng J Med 1988;319:332-337.
Myers WO, Gersh BJ, Fisher LD, Mock MB, Holmes DR, Schaff HV, Gillispie S, Ryan TJ, Kaiser GC. Medical versus early surgical therapy in patients with triplevessel disease and mild angina pectoris: A CASS registry study of survival. Ann Thorac Surg 1987;44:471-486.
Davies RF, Goldberg AD, Forman S, Pepine CJ, Knatterud GL, Geller N, Sopko G, Pratt C, Deanfield J, Conti CR. Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischemia Pilot (ACIP) study two-year follow-up: Outcomes of patients randomized to initial strategies of medical therapy versus revascularization. Circulation 1997;95:2037-2043.
Di Carli MF, Maddahi J, Rokhsar S, Schelbert HR, Bianco-Batlles D, Brunken RC, Fromm B. Long-term survival of patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: Implications for the role of myocardial viability assessment in management decisions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;116:997-1004.
Sorajja P, Chareonthaitawee P, Rajagopalan N, Miller TD, Frye RL, Hodge DO, Gibbons RJ. Improved survival in asymptomatic diabetic patients with high-risk SPECT imaging treated with coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation 2005; 112:I311-316.
Hlatky MA, Boothroyd DB, Bravata DM, Boersma E, Booth J, Brooks MM, Carrié D, Clayton TC, Danchin N, Flather M, Hamm CW, Hueb WA, Kähler J, Kelsey SF, King SB, Kosinski AS, Lopes N, McDonald KM, Rodriguez A, Serruys P, Sigwart U, Stables RH, Owens DK, Pocock SJ. Coronary artery bypass surgery compared with percutaneous coronary interventions for multivessel disease: A collaborative analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials. Lancet 2009;373:1190-1197.
Shaw LJ,Weintraub WS, Maron DJ, Hartigan PM, Hachamovitch R, Min JK, Dada M, Mancini GB, Hayes SW, O?Rourke RA, Spertus JA, Kostuk W, Gosselin G, Chaitman BR, Knudtson M, Friedman J, Slomka P, Germano G, Bates ER, Teo KK, Boden WE, Berman DS. Baseline stress myocardial perfusion imaging results and outcomes in patients with stable ischemic heart disease randomized to optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J 2012;164:243-250.
Takaro T, Hultgren HN, Lipton MJ, Detre KM. The VA cooperative randomized study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease II. Subgroup with significant left main lesions. Circulation 1976;54:III107-117.
Takaro T, Hultgren HN, Detre KM, Peduzzi P. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of stable angina: Current status. Circulation 1982;65:60-67.
Yusuf S, Zucker D, Peduzzi P, Fisher LD, Takaro T, Kennedy JW, Davis K, Killip T, Passamani E, Norris R et al. Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: Overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration. Lancet 1994;344:563-570.
Taylor HA, Deumite NJ, Chaitman BR, Davis KB, KillipT, Rogers WJ. Asymptomatic left main coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry. Circulation 1989;79:1171-1179.
Caracciolo EA, Davis KB, Sopko G, Kaiser GC, Corley SD, Schaff H, Taylor HA, Chaitman BR. Comparison of surgical and medical group survival in patients with left main equivalent coronary artery disease. Long-term CASS experience. Circulation 1995;91:2335-2344.
Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, Smith PK, Spertus JA. ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC/HFSA/SCCT 2012 Appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization focused update: A report of the American college of cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American heart association, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:857-881.
Parisi AF, Folland ED, Hartigan P.Acomparison of angioplasty with medical therapy in the treatment of single-vessel coronary artery disease. Veterans Affairs ACME Investigators. N Eng J Med 1992;326:10-16.
Pitt B, Waters D, Brown WV, Van Boven AJ, Schwartz L, Title LM, Eisenberg D, Shurzinske L, McCormick LS. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin versus Revascularization Treatment Investigators. N Eng J Med 1999;341:70-76.
Coronary angioplasty versus medical therapy for angina: The second Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina (RITA-2) trial. RITA-2 trial participants. Lancet 1997;350:461-468.
Trial of invasive versus medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary-artery disease (TIME): A randomised trial. Lancet 2001;358:951-957.
Pfisterer M. Long-term outcome in elderly patients with chronic angina managed invasively versus by optimized medical therapy: Four-year follow-up of the randomized Trial of Invasive versus Medical therapy in Elderly patients (TIME). Circulation 2004;110:1213-1218.
Nishigaki K, Yamazaki T, Kitabatake A, Yamaguchi T, Kanmatsuse K, Kodama I, Takekoshi N, Tomoike H, Hori M, Matsuzaki M, Takeshita A, Shimbo T, Fujiwara H. Percutaneous coronary intervention plus medical therapy reduces the incidence of acute coronary syndrome more effectively than initial medical therapy only among patients with low-risk coronary artery disease a randomized, comparative, multicenter study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2008;1:469-479.
Dagenais GR, Lu J, Faxon DP, Kent K, Lago RM, Lezama C, Hueb W, Weiss M, Slater J, Frye RL. Effects of optimal medical treatment with or without coronary revascularization on angina and subsequent revascularizations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2011;123: 1492-1500.
Hueb W, Lopes NH, Gersh BJ, Soares P, Machado LA, Jatene FB, Oliveira SA, Ramires JA. Five-year follow-up of the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II): A randomized controlled clinical trial of 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease. Circulation 2007;115:1082-1089.
Bugiardini R, Bairey Merz CN. Angina with normal coronary arteries: A changing philosophy. JAMA 2005;293:477-484.
Taggart DP, Boyle R, De Belder MA, Fox KA. The 2010 ESC/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularisation. Heart 2011;97:445-446.
Kolh P, Wijns W, Danchin N, Di Mario C, Falk V, Folliguet T, Garg S, Huber K, James S, Knuuti J, Lopez-Sendon J, Marco J, Menicanti L, Ostojic M, Piepoli MF, Pirlet C, Pomar JL, Reifart N, Ribichini FL, Schalij MJ, Sergeant P, Serruys PW, Silber S, Sousa Uva M, Taggart D. Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;38 Suppl:S1-S52.
Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Mack MJ, Morice MC, Holmes DR, Stahle E, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Serruys PW, Colombo A. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of left main and/or three-vessel disease: 3-year follow-up of the SYNTAX trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32: 2125-2134.
Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Feldman TE, Stahle E, Colombo A, Mack MJ, Holmes DRJr., MorelMA, Van Dyck N, Houle VM, DawkinsKD, SerruysPW. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial. Lancet 2013;381:629-638.
Hannan EL, Racz MJ, Walford G, Jones RH, Ryan TJ, Bennett E, Culliford AT, IsomOW, Gold JP, Rose EA. Long-term outcomes of coronary-artery bypass grafting versus stent implantation. N Eng J Med 2005;352:2174-2183.
Malenka DJ, Leavitt BJ, Hearne MJ, Robb JF, Baribeau YR, Ryan TJ, Helm RE, Kellett MA, Dauerman HL, Dacey LJ, Silver MT, VerLee PN, Weldner PW, Hettleman BD, Olmstead EM, Piper WD, O?Connor GT. Comparing long-term survival of patients with multivessel coronary disease after CABG or PCI: Analysis of BARI-like patients in northern New England. Circulation 2005;112:I371-376.
WuC, Zhao S,Wechsler AS, Lahey S,Walford G, Culliford AT, Gold JP, Smith CR, Holmes DR Jr., King SB 3rd, Higgins RS, Jordan D, Hannan EL. Long-term mortality of coronary artery bypass grafting and bare-metal stenting. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;92: 2132-2138.
Weintraub WS, Grau-Sepulveda MV,Weiss JM, O?Brien SM, Peterson ED, Kolm P, Zhang Z, Klein LW, Shaw RE, McKay C, Ritzenthaler LL, Popma JJ, Messenger JC, Shahian DM, Grover FL, Mayer JE, Shewan CM, Garratt KN, Moussa ID, Dangas GD, Edwards FH. Comparative effectiveness of revascularization strategies. N Eng J Med 2012;366:1467-1476.
Park SJ, Kim YH, Park DW, Yun SC, Ahn JM, Song HG, Lee JY, Kim WJ, Kang SJ, Lee SW, Lee CW, Park SW, Chung CH, Lee JW, Lim DS, Rha SW, Lee SG, Gwon HC, Kim HS, Chae IH, Jang Y, Jeong MH, Tahk SJ, Seung KB. Randomized trial of stents versus bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease. N Eng J Med 2011;364:1718-1727.
TaggartDP. ThomasB. Ferguson Lecture. Coronary artery bypass grafting is still the best treatment for multivessel and left main disease, but patients need to know. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;82:1966-1975.
Farooq V, Van Klaveren D, Steyerberg EW, Meliga E, Vergouwe Y, Chieffo A, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR Jr., Mack M, Feldman T, Morice MC, Stahle E, Onuma Y, Morel MA, Garcia-Garcia HM, Van Es GA, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW, Serruys PW. Anatomical and clinical characteristics to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for individual patients: Development and validation of SYNTAX score II. Lancet 2013;381:639-650.
Allender S, Scarborough P, O?Flaherty M, Capewell S. Patterns of coronary heart disease mortality over the 20th century in England and Wales: Possible plateaus in the rate of decline. BMC Public Health 2008;8:148.
Maas AH, Van Der Schouw YT, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Swahn E, Appelman YE, Pasterkamp G, Ten Cate H, Nilsson PM, Huisman MV, Stam HC, Eizema K, Stramba-Badiale M. Red alert for women'S heart: The urgent need for more research and knowledge on cardiovascular disease in women: Proceedings of the workshop held in Brussels on gender differences in cardiovascular disease, 29 September 2010. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1362-1368.
Hemingway H, Langenberg C, Damant J, Frost C, Pyorala K, Barrett-Connor E. Prevalence of angina in women versus men: A systematic review and meta-analysis of international variations across 31 countries. Circulation 2008;117:1526-1536.
Jacobs AK, Kelsey SF, Brooks MM, Faxon DP, Chaitman BR, Bittner V, Mock MB, Weiner BH, Dean L, Winston C, Drew L, Sopko G. Better outcome for women compared with men undergoing coronary revascularization: A report from the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation (BARI). Circulation 1998;98: 1279-1285.
Boden WE, O?Rourke RA, Teo KK, Maron DJ, Hartigan PM, Sedlis SP, Dada M, Labedi M, Spertus JA, Kostuk WJ, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, Chaitman BR, Mancini GB, Weintraub WS. Impact of optimal medical therapy with or without percutaneous coronary intervention on long-term cardiovascular end points in patients with stable coronary artery disease (from the COURAGE Trial). Am J Cardiol 2009;104:1-4.
Bugiardini R, Pozzati A, Ottani F, Morgagni GL, Puddu P. Vasotonic angina: A spectrum of ischemic syndromes involving functional abnormalities of the epicardial and microvascular coronary circulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:417-425.
Khuddus MA, Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Bairey Merz CN, Sopko G, Bavry AA, Denardo SJ, McGorray SP, Smith KM, Sharaf BL, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE, Anderson RD. An intravascular ultrasound analysis in women experiencing chest pain in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease: A substudy from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women'S Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). J Interv Cardiol 2010;23:511-519.
Piepoli MF, Corra U, Benzer W, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Dendale P, Gaita D, McGee H, Mendes M, Niebauer J, Zwisler AD, Schmid JP. Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: From knowledge to implementation. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010;17: 1-17.
Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG, Cigarroa JE, Disesa VJ, Hiratzka LF, Hutter AM Jr., Jessen ME, Keeley EC, Lahey SJ, Lange RA, London MJ, Mack MJ, Patel MR, Puskas JD, Sabik JF, Selnes O, Shahian DM, Trost JC, Winniford MD. 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. A report of the American college of cardiology Foundation/American heart association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:e123-e210.
Levine GN, Bates ER, Blankenship JC, Bailey SR, Bittl JA, Cercek B, Chambers CE, Ellis SG, Guyton RA, Hollenberg SM, Khot UN, Lange RA, Mauri L, Mehran R, Moussa ID, Mukherjee D, Nallamothu BK, Ting HH, Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Albert N, Creager MA, Ettinger SM, Halperin JL, Hochman JS, Kushner FG, Ohman EM, StevensonW, YancyCW. 2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Report of the American college of cardiology Foundation/American heart association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011.
Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, Emberson J, Godwin J, Peto R, Buring J, Hennekens C, Kearney P, Meade T, Patrono C, Roncaglioni MC, Zanchetti A. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: Collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2009; 373:1849-1860.
Schomig A,Neumann FJ, Kastrati A, Schuhlen H, Blasini R,Hadamitzky M,Walter H, Zitzmann-Roth EM, Richardt G, Alt E, Schmitt C, Ulm K.Arandomized comparison of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy after the placement of coronary-artery stents. N Eng J Med 1996;334:1084-1089.
Pfisterer M, Kaiser C, Jeger R. No one-size-fits-all: A tailored approach to antithrombotic therapy after stent implantation. Circulation 2012;125:471-473.
Goldman S, Zadina K, Moritz T, Ovitt T, Sethi G, Copeland JG, Thottapurathu L, Krasnicka B, Ellis N, Anderson RJ, HendersonW. Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: Results from a Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:2149-2156.
Fitzgibbon GM, Kafka HP, Leach AJ, Keon WJ, Hooper GD, Burton JR. Coronary bypass graft fate and patient outcome: Angiographic follow-up of 5,065 grafts related to survival and reoperation in 1,388 patients during 25 years. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:616-626.
Riley RF, DonCW, PowellW, Maynard C, Dean LS. Trends in coronary revascularization in the United States from 2001 to 2009: Recent declines in percutaneous coronary intervention volumes. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2011;4:193-197.
Arora RR,Chou TM, Jain D, Fleishman B, Crawford L,McKiernanT, NestoRW. The multicenter study of enhanced external counterpulsation (MUST-EECP): Effect of EECP on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and anginal episodes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1833-1840.
Warshafsky S, Packard D, Marks SJ, Sachdeva N, Terashita DM, Kaufman G, Sang K, Deluca AJ, Peterson SJ, Frishman WH. Efficacy of 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors for prevention of stroke. J Gen Intern Med 1999;14: 763-774.
Andrell P, YuW, Gersbach P, Gillberg L, Pehrsson K, Hardy I, Stahle A, Andersen C, Mannheimer C. Long-term effects of spinal cord stimulation on angina symptoms and quality of life in patients with refractory angina pectoris: Results from the European Angina Registry Link Study (EARL). Heart 2010;96:1132-1136.
Taylor RS, De Vries J, Buchser E, Dejongste MJ. Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of refractory angina: Systematic reviewand meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2009;9:13.
Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, Tendera M, Ferrari R. Ivabradine for patients with stable coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:807-816.
