[fr] L’efficacité curative et préventive de l’exercice isocinétique, en particulier du mode excentrique, a formellement été démontrée. Toutefois, lorsqu’il est réalisé de manière intense et/ou inhabituelle, l’exercice excentrique est réputé être à l’origine de diverses sensations de courbatures d’apparition retardée. Ces douleurs musculaires, appelées DOMS pour Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness, s’accompagnent de déficits structuro-fonctionnels pouvant persister pendant plusieurs jours. Bien qu’elles disparaissent spontanément après quelques jours de récupération, les DOMS retardent fréquemment la mise en route des programmes de rééducation ou de renforcement. De plus, elles peuvent s’avérer particulièrement critiques chez le sportif en raison d’une majoration du risque de lésions véritables en cas de poursuite d’activités sportives. Dès lors, optimiser les effets positifs du travail excentrique en limitant autant que possible les courbatures devrait représenter un objectif prioritaire pour les praticiens. Actuellement, la seule démarche préventive réellement efficace reste la réalisation d’un entraînement excentrique à intensité sous-maximale progressivement intensifiée. Outre son application clinique, l’isocinétisme constitue un modèle intéressant pour générer et investiguer les DOMS. L’association originale d’épreuves de provocation isocinétiques et des nouvelles techniques de la biologie moléculaire représente une stratégie très prometteuse afin d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires sous-jacents au phénomène des DOMS. [en] The curative and preventive efficiency of the isokinetic exercise, especially of the eccentric contraction, has been well demonstrated. However, intense or unusual eccentric exercise is known to induce muscle damage associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and prolonged functional deficits. These negative consequences can frequently disturb the progress of re-education or training programmes. Since they can affect athletic performance and increase the risk of musculo-skeletal injuries, the structuro-functional alterations associated with DOMS may also be problematic in athletes. Therefore, to optimize the benefits of the eccentric work while avoiding muscle damage and occurrence of DOMS should represent a major objective for the practitioners. To date, the only systematic intervention that brings muscle protection against DOMS consists of performing repeated eccentric sessions at submaximal intensity. Besides its clinical use, isokinetic constitutes an interesting model to generate and investigate the DOMS phenomenon. The original association of eccentric injuring protocols with new emerging techniques of molecular biology appears to be a promising strategy to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced muscle damage. Such data would provide better guidelines for prevention or treatment practice.
Disciplines :
Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine
Author, co-author :
Hody, Stéphanie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie générales, et biochimie humaine
ROGISTER, Bernard ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Neurologie Sart Tilman
Leprince, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > GIGA - Neurosciences
Crielaard, Jean-Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Evaluation et entraînement des aptitudes physiques
Lacrosse, Zoé ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences biomédicales et précliniques > Biochimie et physiologie générales, et biochimie humaine
Croisier, Jean-Louis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie générale et réadaptation
Language :
French
Title :
Isocinétisme et douleurs musculaires d’apparition retardée
Alternative titles :
[en] Isokinetic and delayed-onset muscle soreness
Publication date :
2014
Journal title :
Movement and Sport Sciences – Science et Motricité
ISSN :
2118-5735
eISSN :
2118-5743
Publisher :
EDP Sciences
Special issue title :
Isocinétisme et fonction musculaire : de la prévention à la réhabilitation
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