Estimation de la pollution particulaire naturelle de l’air en 2003 à Niamey (Niger) à partir de données de visibilité horizontale

Ozer, Pierre

Article (Scientific journals)

Ozer, Pierre

2005 • In Environnement Risques et Santé, 4 (1), p. 43-49

Peer reviewed

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https://hdl.handle.net/2268/15753

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Keywords :

PM10; NIGER; PUBLIC HEALTH; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; MINERAL DUST; SANTE PUBLIQUE; SURVEILLANCE ENVIRONNEMENTALE; POUSSIERES MINERALES

Abstract :

[en] There is no longer any question that air pollution in the form of large quantities of total suspended particulates (TSP) and particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10) harms human health. Deterioration in air quality due to high concentrations of mineral dust from Africa affects the US and Europe, although most of these countries are far from the Sahara. Surprisingly, no estimates of TSP or PM 10 levels near the Saharan dust source are available. Measurements taken at Niamey-Airport in Niger of horizontal visibility, which is reduced by the presence of dust in the atmosphere, allowed us to estimate TSP and PM 10 levels according various relations found in the literature. Both the magnitude and frequency of mineral particle concentrations are very high. The average yearly concentration is estimated at 103 µg.m -3 TSP and 67 µg.m -3 PM 10. These very high particulate levels present a real public health threat to which national and international policy-makers must respond.
[fr] Il est actuellement incontestable que l’augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique en particules en suspension totales (PST) et en particules respirables, à savoir celles dont la taille est inférieure à 10 μm (PM 10), a un grand nombre de conséquences néfastes sur la santé humaine. La détérioration de la qualité de l’air causée ponctuellement par la forte concentration en poussières minérales d’origine africaine affecte différents pays occidentaux pourtant très distants du Sahara. Cependant, aucune étude sur les niveaux de concentration en particules solides dans l’air des régions limitrophes du Sahara n’a été réalisée. Sur la base de mesures de la visibilité horizontale réduite par les lithométéores, les niveaux de concentration en particules solides sont estimés à la station synoptique de Niamey-Aéroport (Niger), en utilisant différentes relations disponibles dans la littérature. Il apparaît que les concentrations en poussières minérales sont très importantes tant du point de vue de leur magnitude que de leur fréquence. En effet, une concentration annuelle moyenne de 103 μg.m -3 et de 67 μg.m -3 est estimée respectivement pour les PST et les PM 10. Ces fortes concentrations en poussières dans l’air posent un réel problème de santé publique qui devrait retenir l’attention des décideurs politiques nationaux et internationaux.

Disciplines :

Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Public health, health care sciences & services

Author, co-author :

Ozer, Pierre ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement > Département des sciences et gestion de l'environnement

Language :

French

Title :

Estimation de la pollution particulaire naturelle de l’air en 2003 à Niamey (Niger) à partir de données de visibilité horizontale

Alternative titles :

[en] Natural particulate air pollution in 2003 in Niamey (Niger), estimated from horizontal visibility data

Publication date :

2005

Journal title :

Environnement Risques et Santé

ISSN :

1635-0421

eISSN :

1952-3998

Publisher :

John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, France

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

43-49

Peer reviewed :

Peer reviewed

Additional URL :

http://www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr/fr/revues/sante_pub/ers/e-docs/00/04/09/95/article.phtml

Available on ORBi :

since 30 June 2009

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