[en] Introduction and objectives
Due to the high frequency and co-occurrence of vulnerabilities, mothers under 20 years are at higher risk of perinatal depression than adults mothers. We performed a review of the literature investigating the epidemiology of adolescents mothers’ depression, compared these data to adult mothers and listed associated factors, to develop a more preventive approach and specific follow-up.
Methods
The review is based on Pubmed and Sciencedirect research combining “adolescent” or “teenage” and “depression” as keywords.
Results
Seventeen international studies were included, evaluating both prenatal (6 studies) and postnatal (14 studies) depression with three different scales (CES-D, BDI, EPDS). Depression rate in adolescents mothers varies from 26 to 63% in the third trimester of pregnancy and from 26 to 61% in the first 3 months postpartum, with differences depending of studies designs, screening instruments and cut-offs. Depression rate declines with time, but still persists with a prevalence ranging from 21 to 32% at 4 to 5 years after delivery. Depression rate in adolescent mothers are globally twice higher than in adult mothers, both in prenatal and postnatal periods. Characteristics associated with adolescent mothers depression include sociodemographic factors (less education, low income), psychosocial factors (confidence, self-esteem), poor or inadequate social support and negative life events (violence exposure, history of abuse).
Conclusion
Perinatal depression in adolescent mothers is very high and can contribute negatively to child-mother interaction. It should be a priority to screen depression early during pregnancy and to offer appropriate support services during the first years of motherhood. Moreover, it could be of high interest to assess maternofoetal attachment during pregnancy using validated instruments combined with depression scales. [fr] Introduction
Comparativement aux mères plus âgées, les mères de moins de 20 ans cumulent certains facteurs de vulnérabilité les exposant à un risque accru de dépression.
Méthodes
À travers une revue de la littérature, cet article fait le point sur la prévalence de la dépression chez les mères adolescentes et compare ces données à celles des mères plus âgées.
Résultats
La prévalence de la dépression chez les mères adolescentes varie de 26 à 68 % au troisième trimestre de la grossesse et de 26 à 61 % dans les trois mois du post-partum, selon les études, les instruments d’évaluation et les cut-offs associés. Les taux de dépression à quatre et cinq ans varient de 21 à 32 %. Globalement, les taux de dépression chez les mères adolescentes sont deux fois plus élevés que chez les mères plus âgées. Les caractéristiques associées à la dépression des mères adolescentes incluent des facteurs sociodémographiques et psychosociaux, un soutien social faible ou inadéquat et des événements de vie négatifs.
Conclusion
La dépression périnatale chez les mères adolescentes est très élevée et peut contribuer négativement aux interactions mère-enfant. Il est impératif de pouvoir détecter les situations de vulnérabilité chez les jeunes mères afin d’organiser une réponse préventive et un suivi spécifiques.
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Disciplines :
Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics) Pediatrics Public health, health care sciences & services
Author, co-author :
Noirhomme-Renard, Florence ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique : aspects généraux
Aujoulat, Isabelle; Université Catholique de Louvain - UCL > Faculté de Santé publique > IRSS
Gosset, Christiane ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la santé publique > Santé publique : aspects généraux
Language :
French
Title :
La dépression chez les mères adolescentes : pour un repérage des situations de vulnérabilité
Alternative titles :
[en] Perinatal depression in adolescent mothers: for identifying vulnerabilities
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