Betaine Adducts of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity

Delaude, Lionel

doi:10.1002/ejic.200801227

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Betaine Adducts of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity

Delaude, Lionel

2009 • In European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, (13), p. 1681-1699

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10.1002/ejic.200801227

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Keywords :

Betaines; Carbene ligands; N-Heterocyclic carbenes; Homogeneous catalysis; Nitrogen heterocycles; Zwitterions

Abstract :

[en] N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) form stable zwitterionic adducts with a range of heteroallenes, ketenes, and allenes. Although the first representatives of this class of inner salts were first investigated as far back as the 1960s, they have enjoyed a sustained interest from the chemical community over the years. Depending on the nature of their anionic moiety, NHC betaines display a very broad palette of reactivities and have found applications in various fields of organic synthesis and catalysis. In this Microreview, the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of NHC betaines are surveyed. The NHCs under consideration include ylidenes derived from imidazole, benzimidazole, imidazoline, thiazole, or triazole, and the heteroallenes investigated so far are carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, isocyanates, isothiocyanates, and their selenium analogues. A historical background is provided for each type of adduct under consideration, but emphasis is placed mainly on developments that have appeared in the literature within the past few years. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)

Disciplines :

Chemistry

Author, co-author :

Delaude, Lionel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie macromoléculaire et catalyse organique

Language :

English

Title :

Betaine Adducts of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Reactivity

Publication date :

2009

Journal title :

European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry

ISSN :

1434-1948

eISSN :

1099-0682

Publisher :

Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmbh, Weinheim, Germany

Issue :

Pages :

1681-1699

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 26 June 2009

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