The effects of stress on singing voice accuracy

Objective: The quality of a music performance can be lessened or enhanced if the
performer experiences stressful conditions. In addition, the quality of a sung performance
requires control of the fundamental frequency of the voice, which is particularly sensitive to
stress. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of stress on singing voice accuracy.
Methods: Thirty-one music students were recorded in a stressful condition (i.e., a
music examination) and a non-stressful condition. Two groups were defined according to
the challenge level of the music examination (first and second music levels). Measurements
were made by self-reported state anxiety (CSAI-2R questionnaire) and by observing heart
rate activity (electrocardiogram) during each performance. In addition, the vocal accuracy
of the sung performances was objectively analyzed.
Results: As expected, state anxiety and heart rate were significantly higher on the
day of the music examination than in the non-stressful condition for all the music students.
However, the effect of stress was positive for the first-year students but negative for the
second-year students, for whom the music examination was particularly challenging. In
addition, highly significant correlations were found between the intensity of cognitive
symptoms and the vocal accuracy criteria.
Discussion: This study highlights the contrasting effects of stress on singing voice
accuracy but also the need to consider the challenge level and perception of the symptoms
in experimental and pedagogical settings.