[en] Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry is now a widely used method for the assessment of phytoplankton fitness, with an increasing popularity in field assessments. It is usually recommended to carry out measurements swiftly after collection, but the number of samples and analytical procedures needed to obtain valuable datasets sometimes makes immediate analysis impracticable, forcing delays between fluorescence measurements. Conservation conditions of samples before analysis may potentially affect their photosynthetic performances but no formal study documenting such impacts appears available in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of storage conditions (temperature, duration) on photosynthetic parameters in different phytoplankton communities (characterized in situ by a BBE fluoroprobe) sampled during summer in different environmental locations in a Mediterranean lagoon (Biguglia lagoon, Corsica, France). PAM-fluorescence parameters were measured after three different conservation durations (2h to 4h, 6h to 8h and 10h to 12h after collection) on samples stored at three different temperatures (15°C, 25°C and 35°C). Results showed that storage at the highest temperature severely impacted photosynthetic parameters, with cumulative effects as storage duration increased. For phytoplankton samples collected in warm or tropical environments, storage at “room temperature” (25°C) only appeared a valid option if measurements have to be carried out strictly within a very short delay. Inversely, cooling the samples (i.e. conservation at 15°C) did not induce significant effects, independently of storage duration. Cooling appeared the best solution when sampling-to-analysis delay goes over a few hours. Long-term storage (>8h) should definitively be avoided.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Garrido, Marie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Doct. sc. (océanogr. - Bologne)
Cecchi, Philippe
Vaquer, André
Pasqualini, Vanina
Language :
English
Title :
Effects of samples conservation on photosynthetic efficiency assessment of phytoplankton using PAM fluorometry
Publication date :
January 2013
Journal title :
Deep-Sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers
ISSN :
0967-0637
eISSN :
1879-0119
Publisher :
Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science, Oxford, United Kingdom
Allen J.F. Protein phosphorylation in regulation of photosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1992, 1098:275-335.
Baker N.R. Chlorophyll fluorescence: a probe of photosynthesis in vivo. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2008, 59:89-113.
Behrenfeld M.J., Prasil O., Babin M., Bruyant F. In search of a physiological basis for covariations in light-limited and light-saturated photosynthesis. J. Phycol. 2004, 40:4-25.
Behrenfeld M.J., Halsey K.H., Milligan A.J. Evolved physiological responses of phytoplankton to their integrated growth environment. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2008, 363:2687-2703.
Beutler M., Wiltshire K.H., Meyer B., Moldaenke C., Lüring C., Meyerhöfer M., Hansen U.P., Dau H. A fluorometric method for the differentiation of algal populations in vivo and in situ. Photosynth. Res. 2002, 72:39-53.
Bolhàr-Nordenkampf H.R., Long S.P., Baker N.R., Oquist G., Schreiber U., Lechner E.G. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a probe of the photosynthetic competence of leaves in the field: a review of current instrumentation. Funct. Ecol. 1989, 3:497-514.
Büchel C., Wilhelm C. In vivo analysis of slow chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics in algae: progress, problems, and perspectives. Photochem. Photobiol. 1993, 58:137-148.
Campbell D., Hurry A., Clarke A.K., Gustafsson P., Öquist G. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of cyanobacterial photosynthesis and acclimation. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 1998, 62:667-683.
Catherine A., Escoffier N., Belhocine A., Nasri A.B., Hamlaoui S., Yéprémian C., Bernard C., Troussellier M. On the use of the FluoroProbe®, a phytoplankton quantification method based on fluorescence excitation spectra for large-scale surveys of lakes and reservoirs. Water Res. 2012, 46:1771-1784.
Chalifour A., Juneau P. Temperature-dependent sensitivity of growth and photosynthesis of Scenedesmus obliquus, Navicula pelliculosa and two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa to the herbicide atrazine. Aquat. Toxicol. 2012, 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.01.016.
Claquin P., Probert I., Lefebvre S., Veron B. Effects of temperature on photosynthetic parameters and TEP production in eight species of marine microalgae. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 2008, 51:1-11.
Claquin P., Longphuirt S.N., Fouillaron P., Huonnic P., Ragueneau O., Klein C., Leynaert A. Effects of simulated benthic fluxes on phytoplankton dynamic and photosynthetic parameters in a mesocosm experiment (Bay of Brest, France). Estuarine, Coastal Shelf Sci. 2010, 86:93-101.
Collos Y., Husseini-Ratrema J., Bec B., Vaquer A., Lam Hoai T., Rougier C., Pons V., Souchu P. Pheopigment dynamics, zooplankton grazing rates and the autumnal ammonium peak in a Mediterranean lagoon. Hydrobiologia 2005, 550:83-93.
Cruz S., SerÔdio J. Relationship of rapid light curves of variable fluorescence to photoacclimation and non-photochemical quenching in a benthic diatom. Aquat. Bot. 2008, 88:256-264.
Davison I.R. Environmental effects on algal photosynthesis: temperature. J. Phycol. 1991, 27:2-8.
Deblois C.P., Juneau P. Relationship between photosynthetic processes and microcystin in Microcystis aeruginosa grown under different photon irradiances. Harmful Algae 2010, 9:8-24.
Derraz M., Dauta A., Capblancq J., Abassi M. Influence de la lumière et de la température sur les taux de croissance et de photosynthèse de Scenedesmus crassus Chodat, isolée de la retenue eutrophe El Kansera (Maroc). Ann. Limnol.-Int. J. Limnol. 1995, 31(1):65-74.
Doblin M.A., Petrou K.L., Shelly K., Westwood K., van den Enden R., Wright S., Griffiths B., Ralph P.J. Diel variation of chlorophyll-a fluorescence, phytoplankton pigments and productivity in the Sub-Antarctic and Polar Front zones south of Tasmania, Australia. Deep Sea Res. II 2011, 58:2189-2199.
Dorigo U., Bourrain X., Bérard A., Leboulanger C. Seasonal changes in the sensitivity of river microalgae to atrazine and isoproturon along a contamination gradient. Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 318:101-114.
El-Sabaawi R., Harrison P.J. Interactive effects of irradiance and temperature on the photosynthetic physiology of the pennate diatom Pseudo-Nitzshia granii (Bacillariophyceae) from the northeast subarctic pacific. J. Phycol. 2006, 42:778-785.
Eppley R.W. Temperature and phytoplankton growth rates in the sea. Fish. Bull. 1972, 70:1063-1085.
Eullaffroy P., Vernet G. The F684/F735 chlorophyll fluorescence ratio: a potential tool for rapid detection and determination of herbicide phytotoxicity in algae. Water Res. 2003, 37:1983-1990.
Falkowski P. Physiological responses of phytoplankton to natural light regimes. J. Plankton Res. 1984, 6:295-307.
Falkowski P.G., Kolber Z. Variations in chlorophyll yields in phytoplankton in the world oceans. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1995, 22:341-355.
Falkowski P.G., Raven J.A. Aquatic Photosynthesis 2007, Princeton University Press. 2nd ed.
Fiala M., Oriol L. Light-temperature interactions on the growth of Antarctic diatoms. Polar Biol. 1990, 10:629-636.
Genty B., Briantais J.M., Baker N.R. The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1989, 990:87-92.
Goto N., Kihira M., Ishida N. Seasonal distribution of photosynthetically active phytoplankton using pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry in the large monomictic Lake Biwa, Japan. J. Plankton Res. 2008, 30:1169-1177.
Gregor J., Marsálek B. Freshwater phytoplankton quantification by chlorophyll a: a comparative study of in vitro, in vivo and in situ methods. Water Res. 2004, 38(3):517-522.
Groom Q.J., Baker N.R. Analysis of light-induced depressions of photosynthesis in leaves of a wheat crop during the winter. Plant Physiol. 1992, 100:1217-1223.
Guasch H., Alti G., Bonet B., Corcoll N., Leira M., Serra A. Discharge and the response of biofilms to metal exposure in Mediterranean rivers. Hydrobiologia 2010, 657:143-157.
Hancke K., Hancke B.T., Olsen M.L, Johnsen G., Glud N.R. Temperature effects on microalgal photosynthesis-light responses measured by O2 production, pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence and 14C14 assimilation. J. Phycol. 2008, 44:501-514.
Hoffmann L.J., Peeken I., Lochte K. Effects of iron on the elemental stoichiometry during EIFEX and in the diatoms Fragilariopsis kerguelensis and Chaetoceros dichaeta. Biogeosci. Discuss 2007, 4:249-275.
Ihnken S., Eggert A., Beardall J. Exposure times in rapid light curves affect photosynthetic parameters in algae. Aquat. Bot. 2010, 93:185-194.
Jakob T., Schreiber U., Kirchesch V., Langner U., Wilhelm C. Estimation of chlorophyll content and daily primary production of the major algal groups by means of multiwavelength-excitation PAM chlorophyll fluorometry: performance and methodological limits. Photosynth. Res. 2005, 83:343-361.
Juneau P., El-Berdey A., Popovic R. PAM Fluorometry in the determination of the sensitivity of Chlorella vulgaris, Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to copper. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2002, 42:155-164.
Kashino Y., Kudoh S., Hayashi Y., Suzuki Y., Odate T., Hirawake T., Satoh K., Fukuchi M. Strategies of phytoplankton to perform effective photosynthesis in the North Water. Deep Sea Res. II 2002, 49:5049-5061.
Kitajima M., Butler W.L. Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1975, 376:105-115.
Kolber Z.S., Falkowski P.G. Use of active fluorescence to estimate phytoplankton photosynthesis in situ. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1993, 38:1646-1665.
Kolbowski J., Schreiber U. Computer-controlled phytoplankton analyzer based on a 4-wavelengths PAM chlorophyll fluorometer. Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere 1995, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. P. Mathis (Ed.).
Krause G.H., Weis E. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a tool in plant physiology. II. Interpretation of fluorescence signals. Photosynth. Res. 1984, 5:139-157.
Krause G.H., Weis E. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis: the basics. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1991, 42:313-349.
Kromkamp J., Peene J. Estimation of phytoplankton photosynthesis and nutrient limitation in the Eastern Scheldt estuary using variable fluorescence. Aquat. Ecol. 1999, 33:101-104.
Leboulanger C., Dorigo U., Jacquet S., Le Berre B., Paolini G., Humbert J.F. Application of a submersible spectrofluorometer for rapid monitoring of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms: a case study. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 2002, 30:83-89.
Leboulanger C., Bouvy M., Pagano M., Dufour R.A., Got P., Cecchi P. Responses of planktonic microorganisms from tropical reservoirs to paraquat and deltamethrin exposure. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2009, 56:39-51.
Lippemeier S., Harting P., Colijn F. Direct impact of silicate on the photosynthetic performance of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii assessed by on- and off-line PAM fluorescence measurements. J. Plankton Res. 1999, 21:269-283.
MacCaull W.A., Platt T. Diel variations in the photosynthetic parameters of coastal marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1977, 22(4):723-731.
Maxwell K., Johnson G.N. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. J. Exp. Bot. 2000, 51(345):659-668.
Morris E.P., Kromkamp J.C. Influence of temperature on the relationship between oxygen- and fluorescence-based estimates of photosynthetic parameters in a marine benthic diatom (Cylindrotheca closterium). Eur. J. Phycol. 2003, 38:133-142.
Neveux J., Lantoine F. Spectrofluorometric assay of chlorophylls and phaeopigments using the least squares approximation technique. Deep Sea Res. 1993, 40:1747-1765.
Parkhill J.P., Maillet G., Cullen J.J. Fluorescence-based maximal quantum yield for PSII as a diagnostic of nutrient stress. J. Phycol. 2001, 37:517-529.
Pasqualini V., Pergent-Martini C., Fernandez C., Ferrat L., Tomaszewski J.E., Pergent G. Wetland monitoring: aquatic plant changes in two Corsican coastal lagoons (Western Mediterranean Sea). Aquat. Conserv.: Mar. Freshwater Ecosyst. 2006, 16:43-60.
Pastenes C., Horton P. Effect of high temperature on photosynthesis in beans. 1. Oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence. Plant Physiol. 1996, 112:1245-1251.
Perkins R.G., Mouget J.L., Lefebvre S., Lavaud J. Light response curve methodology and possible implications in the application of chlorophyll fluorescence to benthic diatoms. Mar. Biol. 2006, 149:703-712.
Raateoja M., Seppälä J., Ylöstalo P. Fast repetition rate fluorometry is not applicable to studies of filamentous cyanobacteria from the Baltic Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2004, 49(4):1006-1012.
Ralph P.J., Gademann R. Rapid light curves: a powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity. Aquat. Bot. 2005, 82:222-237.
Ralph P.J., McMinn A., Ryan K.G., Ashworth C. Short-term effect of temperature on the photokinetics of microalgae from the surface layers of Antarctic pack ice. J. Phycol. 2005, 41:63-769.
Raven J.A., Geider R.J. Temperature and algal growth. New Phytol. 1988, 110:441-461.
Röttgers R. Comparison of different variable chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques to determine photosynthetic parameters of natural phytoplankton. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2007, 54(3):437-451.
Sakshaug E., Bricaud A., Dandonneau Y., Falkowski P.G., Kiefer D.A., Legendre L., Morel A., Parslow J., Takahshi M. Parameters of photosynthesis: definitions, theory and interpretation of results. J. Plankton Res. 1997, 19:1637-1670.
Schloss I., Nozais C., Mas S., Van Hardenberg B., Carmack E., Tremblay J.E., Brugel S., Demers S. Picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton abundance and distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea (Mackenzie Shelf and Amundsen Gulf) during Fall 2002. J. Mar. Syst. 2008, 74:978-993.
Schmitt-Jansen M., Altenburger R. Community-level microalgal toxicity assessment by multiwavelength-excitation PAM fluorometry. Aquat. Toxicol. 2008, 86:49-58.
Schreiber U. Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) fluorometry and saturation pulse method: an overview. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: a Signature of Photosynthesis 2004, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. G.C. Papageorgiou, Govindjee (Eds.).
Schreiber U., Schliwa U., Bilger W. Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynth. Res. 1986, 10:51-62.
Schreiber U., Bilger W., Neubauer C. Chlorophyll fluorescence as a nonintrusive indicator for rapid assessment of in vivo photosynthesis. Ecophysiology of Photosynthesis. Ecological Studies 1994, Springer Verlag, Berlin. E.D. Schulze, M.M. Caldwell (Eds.).
Sournia A. Circadian periodicities in natural populations of marine phytoplankton. Adv. Mar. Biol. 1974, 12:325-389.
Stramska M., Dickey T.D. Variability of bio-optical properties of the upper ocean associated with diel cycles in phytoplankton population. J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97(11):17873-17887.
Walker D.A., Sivak M.N., Prinsley R.T., Cheeseborough J.K. Simultaneous measurements of oscillations in oxygen evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence in leaf pieces. Plant Physiol. 1983, 73:542-549.
Webb W.L., Newton M., Starr D. Carbon dioxide exchange of Alnus rubra. Oecologia 1974, 17:281-291.
White A.J., Critchley C. Rapid light curves: a new fluorescence method to assess the state of the photosynthetic apparatus. Photosynth. Res. 1999, 59:63-72.
Yentsch C.S., Yentsch C.M., Phinney D.A., Lapointe B.E., Yentsch S.F.W. The odyssey of new production. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 2004, 300:15-30.
