sediment; lake; grain size; magnetic susceptibility; climate; Younger Dryas; South America
Abstract :
[en] This paper presents a multi-proxy climate record of an 11 m long core collected in Lago Puyehue (southern Chile, 40 degrees S) and extending back to 18,000 cal yr BP. The multi-proxy analyses include sedimentology, mineralogy, grain size, geochemistry, loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility and radiocarbon dating. Results demonstrate that sediment grain size is positively correlated with the biogenic sediment content and can be used as a proxy for lake paleoproductivity. On the other hand, the magnetic susceptibility signal is correlated with the aluminium and titanium concentrations and can be used as a proxy for the terrigenous supply. Temporal variations of sediment composition evidence that, since the Last Glacial Maximum, the Chilean Lake District was characterized by three abrupt climate changes superimposed on a long-term climate evolution. These rapid climate changes are: (1) an abrupt warming at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum at 17,300 cal yr BP; (2) a 13,100-12,300 cal yr BP cold event, ending rapidly and interpreted as the local counterpart of the Younger Dryas cold period, and (3) a 3,400-2,900 cal yr BP climatic instability synchronous with a period of low solar activity. The timing of the 13,100-12,300 cold event is compared with similar records in both hemispheres and demonstrates that this southern hemisphere climate change precedes the northern hemisphere Younger Dryas cold period by 500 to 1,000 years.
Abarzúa AM, Villagrán C, Moreno PI (2004) Deglacial and postglacial climate history in east-central Isla Grande de Chiloé, southern Chile (43° S). Quat Res 62:49-59
Andersen BG, Denton GH, Heusser CJ, Lowell TV, Moreno PI, Hauser A, Heusser LE, Schlüter C, Marchants DR (1995) Climate, vegetation and glacier fluctuations in Chile, between 40°30′ and 42°30′ S latitude-a short review of preliminary results. Quat Int 28:199-201
Ariztegui D, Bianchi MM, Masaferro J, Lafargue E, Niessen F (1997) Interhemispheric synchrony of Late-glacial climatic instability as recorded in proglacial Lake Mascardi, Argentina. J Quat Sci 12:333-338
Arnaud F, Revel-Rolland M, Chapron E, Desmet M, Tribovillard N (2005) 7200 years of Rhône river flooding activity in Lake Le Bourget: a high resolution sediment record of NW Alps hydrology. The Holocene 15:420-428
Barker P, Telford R, Merdaci O, Williamson D, Taieb M, Vincens A, Gibert E (2000) The sensitivity of a Tanzanian crater lake to catastrophic tephra input and four millenia of climate change. The Holocene 10:303-310
Barnhisel RI (1977) Chlorites and hydroxy interlayered vermiculite and smectite. In: Dixon JB, Weed SB, Kittrick JA, Milford MHWhite JL (eds) Minerals in soil environments. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 331-356
Bennett KD (1994) 'psimpoll' version 2.23: A C program for analysing pollen data and plotting pollen diagrams. INQUA Working Group on Data Handling Methods Newsletter 11:4-6
Bennett KD, Haberle SG, Lumley SH (2000) The Last Glacial-Holocene Transition in Southern Chile. Science 290:325-328
Bentley MJ (1997) Relative and radiocarbon chronology of two former glaciers in the Chilean Lake District. J Quat Sci 12:25-33
Bertrand S, Boës X, Castiaux J, Charlet F, Urrutia R, Espinoza C, Charlier B, Lepoint G, Fagel N (2005) Temporal evolution of sediment supply in Lago Puyehue (Southern Chile) during the last 600 years and its climatic significance. Quat Res 64:163-175
Blunier T, Chappellaz J, Schwander J, Dälenbach A, Stauffer TF, Stocker TF, Raynaud D, Jouzel J, Clausen HB, Hammer CU, Johnsen SJ (1998) Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period. Nature 394:739-743
Boës X, Fagel N (2007) Relationships between southern Chilean varved lake sediments, precipitation and ENSO for the last 600 years. J. Paleolimnol doi: 10.1007/s10933-007-9119-9 (this issue)
Bologne G, Duchesne J-C (1991) Analyse des roches silicatées par spectrométrie de fluorescence X: précision et exactitude. Professional Paper of the Belgian Geological Survey. Brussels, 11 p
Brauer A, Endres C, Günter C, Litt T, Stebich M, Negendank JFW (1999) High resolution sediment and vegetation responses to Younger Dryas climate change in varved lake sediments from Meerfelder Maar, Germany. Quat Sci Rev 18:321-329
Brindley GW, Brown G (1980) Crystal structures of clay minerals and their x-ray identification. Mineralogical Society Monograph, vol. 5. Mineralogical Society, London, 495 p
Bronk Ramsey C (2001) Development of the Radiocarbon program OxCal. Radiocarbon 43(2A):355-363
Campos H, Steffen W, Agüero G, Parra O, Zúñiga L (1989) Estudios limnologicos en el Lago Puyehue (Chile): morfometria, factores fisicos y quimicos, plancton y productividad primaria. Med Amb 10:36-53
Chapron E, Desmet M, De Putter T, Loutre MF, Beck C, Deconinck JF (2002) Climatic variability in the northwestern Alps, France, as evidenced by 600 years of terrigenous sedimentation in Lake Le Bourget. The Holocene 12:59-68
Charlet F, De Batist M, Chapron E, Bertrand S, Pino M, Urrutia R (2007) Seismic-stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): new views on its deglacial and Holocene evolution. J. Paleolimnol doi: 10.1007/s10933-007-9112-3 (this issue)
Cohen AS (2003) Paleolimnology: the history and evolution of lake systems. Oxford University Press, New York, 528 p
Colman SM, Peck JA, Karabanov EB, Carter SJ, Bradbury JP, King JW, Williams DF (1995) Continental climate response to orbital forcing from biogenic silica records in Lake Baikal. Nature 378:769-771
Cook HE, Johnson PD, Matti JC, Zemmels I (1975) Methods of sample preparation and x-ray diffraction data analysis, x-ray mineralogy laboratory. In: Kaneps AG (ed). Initial reports of the DSDP, Washington DC, pp 997-1007
Czernik T, Goslar T (2001) Preparation of graphite targets in the Gwilice radiocarbon laboratory for AMS 14C dating. Radiocarbon 43:283-291
De Batist M, Fagel N, Loutre MF, Chapron E (2007) A 17,900 year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): Introduction. J. Paleolimnol doi: 10.1007/s10933-007-9113-2 (this issue)
Denton GH, Heusser CJ, Lowell TV, Moreno PI, Andersen BG, Heusser LE, Schlüter C, Marchant DR (1999) Geomorphology, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon chronology of Llanquihue drift in the area of the southern lake district, seno reloncaví, and isla grande de Chiloé, Chile. Geog Ann 81 A(2):167-212
Folk RL, Ward WC (1957) Brazos river bar: a study in the signifiance of grain size parameters. J Sedim Petrol 27:3-26
Gerlach DC, Frey FA, Moreno-Roa H, Lopez-Escobar L (1988) Recent volcanism in the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle Region, Southern Andes, Chile (40.5° S): petrogenesis of evolved lavas. J Petrol 29:333-382
Glasser NF, Harisson S, Winchester V, Aniya M (2004) Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoclimate and glacier fluctuations in Patagonia. Glob Plan Change 43:79-101
Grootes PM, Stuiver M, White JWC, Johnsen S, Jouzel J (1993) Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores. Nature 366:552-554
Grosjean M, Geyh MA, Messerli B, Schreier H, Veit H (1998) A late-Holocene (<2600 BP) glacial advance in the south-central Andes (29° S), northern Chile. The Holocene 8:473-479
Hajdas I, Bonani G, Moreno P, Aritzegui D (2003) Precise radiocarbon dating of Late-Glacial cooling in mid-latitude South America. Quat Res 59:70-78
Heiri O, Lotter AF, Lemcke G (2001) Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproductibility and comparability of results. J Paleolim 25:101-110
Heusser CJ (1990) Chilotan piedmont glacier in the Southern Andes during the Last Glacial Maximum. Rev Geol Chile 17:3-18
Heusser CJ (2003) Ice age Southern Andes-A chronicle of palaeoecological events. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 230 pp
Heusser CJ, Heusser LE, Lowell TV (1999) Paleoecology of the southern Chilean Lake District-Isla Grande de Chiloé during middle-late Llanquihue glaciation and deglaciation. Geog Ann 81 A(2):231-284
Heusser CJ, Lowell TV, Heusser LE, Hauser A, Andersen BG, Denton GH (1996) Full-glacial-late-glacial palaeoclimate of the Southern Andes: evidences from pollen, beetle and glacial records. J Quat Sci 11:173-184
Jenny B, Valero-Garcés BL, Villa-Martínez R, Urrutia R, Geyh M, Veit H (2002) Early to Mid-Holocene aridity in Central Chile and the Southern Westerlies: the laguna Acuelo record (34° S). Quat Res 58:160-170
Johnson TC, Brown ET, McManus J, Barry SL, Barker P, Gasse F (2002) A high-resolution paleoclimate record spanning the past 25,000 years in Southern East Africa. Science 296:113-114, 131-132
Knorr G, Lohmann G (2003) Southern Ocean origin for the resumption of Atlantic thermohaline circulation during deglaciation. Nature 424:532-536
Lamy F, Hebbeln D, Röhl U, Wefer G (2001) Holocene rainfall variability in southern Chile: a marine record of latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies. Earth Plan Sci Let 185:369-382
Lamy F, Kaiser J, Ninnemann U, Hebbeln D, Arz HW, Stoner J (2004) Antarctic timing of surface water changes off Chile and Patagonian ice sheet response. Science 304:1959-1962
Lamy F, Rühlemann D, Hebbeln D, Wefer G (2002) High- and low-latitude climate control on the position of the southern Peru-Chile Current during the Holocene. Paleoceanography 17:1028, doi:10.1029/2001PA000727
Laugenie C (1982) La région des lacs, Chili méridional. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université de Bordeaux III, 822 p
Leinen M (1977) A normative calculation technique for determining opal in deep-sea sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:671-676
Lotter AF, Birks HJB, Zolitschka B (1995) Late-glacial pollen and diatom changes in response to two different environmental perturbations: volcanic eruption and Younger Dryas cooling. J Paleolim 14:23-47
Lowell TV, Heusser CJ, Andersen BG, Moreno PI, Hauser A, Heusser LE, Schlüter C, Marchant DR, Denton GH (1995) Interhemispheric correlation of Late Pleistocene glacial events. Science 269:1541-1549
McCulloh RD, Bentley MJ, Purves RS, Hulton NRJ, Sugden DE, Clapperton CM (2000) Climatic inferences from glacial and palaeoecological evidence at the last glacial termination, southern South America. J Quat Sci 15:409-417
Mercer JH (1972) Chilean glacial chronology 20,000 to 11,000 caron-14 years ago: some global comparisons. Science 176:1118-1120
Miller A (1976) The climate of Chile. In: Schwerdtfeger W (ed) World survey of Climatology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 107-134
Moore DM, Reynolds RCJ (1989) X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals. Oxford University Press, 332 p
Moreno PI (1997) Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District between 20200 and 9500 14C yr BP. J Quat Sci 12:485-500
Moreno PI (2000) Climate, Fire, and Vegetation between About 13,000 and 9200 14C yr B.P. in the Chilean Lake District. Quat Res 54:81-89
Moreno PI (2004) Millenial-scale climate variability in northwest Patagonia over the last 15000 yr. J Quat Sci 19:35-47
Moreno PI, Jacobson GLJ, Lowell TV, Denton GH (2001) Interhemispheric climate links revealed by a late-glacial cooling episode in southern Chile. Nature 409:804-808
Moreno PI, León AL (2003) Abrupt vegetation changes during the last glacial to Holocene transition in mid-latitude South America. J Quat Sci 18:1-14
Moreno PI, Lowell TV, Jacobson GLJ, Denton GH (1999) Abrupt vegetation and climate changes during the last glacial maximum and last termination in the Chilean Lake District: a case study from Canal de la Puntilla (41° S). Geog Ann 81 A(2):285-311
Muñoz M (1980) Flora del parque nacional Puyehue. Universitaria, Santiago, 557 p
Sterken M, Verleyen E, Sabbe K, Terryn G, Charlet F, Bertrand S, Boës X, Fagel N, De Batist M, Vyverman W (2007) Late Quaternary climatic changes in southern Chile, as recorded in a diatom sequence of Lago Puyehue (40°40′ S). J. Paleolimnol doi: 10.1007/s10933-007-9114-1 (this issue)
Stuiver M, Reimer PJ, Bard E, Beck JW, Burr GS, Hughen KA, Kromer B, McCormac G, van der Plicht J, Spurk M (1998) Intcal98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40:1041-1083
van Geel B, Buurman J, Waterbolk HT (1996) Archaeological and paleoecological indications of an abrupt climate change in The Netherlands, and evidence for climatological teleconnections around 2650 BP. J Quat Sci 11:451-460
van Geel B, Heusser CJ, Renssen H, Schuurmans CJE (2000) Climate change in Chile at around 2700 BP and global evidence for solar forcing: a hypothesis. The Holocene 10:659-664
van Geel B, Renssen H (1998) Abrupt climate change around 2,650 BP in North-West Europe: evidence for climatic teleconnections and a tentative explanation. In: Issar A, Brown N (eds) Water, environment and society in times of climatic change. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 21-41
Vargas L, Roche E, Gerrienne P, Hooghiemstra H (2007) A pollen-based record of lateglacial-Holocene climatic variability on southern Lake District, Chile. J. Paleolimnol doi: 10.1007/s10933-007-9115-0 (this issue)
Zimmerman AR, Canuel EA (2002) Sediment geochemical records of eutrophication in the mesohaline Cheasapeake Bay. Limn Ocean 47:1084-1093
