diatoms; El Nino; Chile; Paleolimnology; Lago Puyehue; deglaciation; paleoclimate; Westerlies; Younger Dryas; Last Glacial Maximum
Abstract :
[en] A late Quaternary diatom stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue (40 degrees 40'S, 72 degrees 28'W) was examined in order to infer past limnological and climatic changes in the South-Chilean Lake District. The diatom assemblages were well preserved in a 1,122 cm long, C-14-dated sediment core spanning the last 17,900 years, and were in support of an early deglaciation of Lago Puyehue. The presence of a short cold spell in South Chile, equivalent to the Younger Dryas event in the Northern Hemisphere, the Antarctic Cold Reversal in Antarctica, or the Huelmo-Mascardi event in southern South America, was not clearly evidenced in the diatom data, although some climate instability may have occurred between 13,400 and 11,700 cal. yr. BP, and a relatively long period (between 16,850 and 12,810 cal. yr. BP) with low absolute abundances and biovolumes could be tentatively interpreted as a period of low rainfall and/or temperatures. An increase in the moisture supply to the lake was tentatively inferred at 12,810 cal. yr. BP. After 9,550 cal. yr. BP, inferred stronger and longer persisting summer stratification, may have been the result of the higher temperatures associated with an early-Holocene thermal optimum. The mid-Holocene appeared to be characterized by a decrease in precipitation, culminating around 5,000 cal. yr. BP, and rising again after 3,000 cal. yr. BP, likely associated with a previously documented lowered frequency and amplitude of El Nino events. An increase in precipitation during the late Holocene (3,000 cal. yr. BP-present) might have marked subsequent increased frequency of El Nino occurrences, leading to drier summers and slightly moister winters in the area.
Abarzúa AM, Villagrán C, Moreno P (2004) Deglacial and postglacial climate history in east-central Isla Grande de Chiloé, southern Chile (43°S). Quat Res 62:49-59
Abbott MB, Seltzer GO, Kelts KR, Southon J (1997) Holocene paleohydrology of the tropical Andes from lake records. Quat Res 47:70-80
Ariztegui D, Bianchi MM, Masaferro J, Lafargue E, Niessen F (1997) Interhemispheric synchrony of late-glacial climatic instability as recorded in proglacial Lake Mascardi, Argentina. J Quat Sci 12:333-338
Arnaud F, Magand O, Chapron E, Bertrand S, Boës X, Charlet F, Mélières MA (2006) Radionuclide dating (Pb-210, Cs-137, Am-241) of recent lake sediments in a highly active geodynamic settings (Lakes Puyehue and Icalma - Chilean Lake District). Sci Total Environ 366:837-850
Battarbee RW, Kneen M (1982) The use of electronically counted microspheres in absolute diatom analysis. Limnol Oceanogr 27:184-188
Bennett KD, Haberle SG, Lumley SH (2000) The last glacial-Holocene transition in Southern Chile. Science 290:325-328
Bentley MJ (1997) Relative and radiocarbon chronology of two former glaciers in the Chilean Lake District. J Quat Sci 12:25-33
Berger AL (1978) Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes. J Atmos Sci 35:2362-2367
Bertrand S (2002) Caractérisation des apports sédimentaires lacustres de la region des lacs, Chili Méridional (Exemple des lacs Icalma et Puyehue). Unpublished MSc Thesis, Department of Geology, University of Liège, 51 pp
Bertrand S, Charlet F, Charlier B, Renson V, Fagel, N (2007) Climate variability of southern Chile since the Last Glacial Maximum: a continuous sedimentological record from Lago Puyehue (40°S). J Paleolimnol doi:10.1007/s10933-007-9117-y (this issue)
Blinn DW, Hevly RH, Davis OK (1994) Continuous Holocene record of diatom stratigraphy, paleohydrology, and anthropogenic activity in a spring-mound in southwestern United-States. Quat Res 42:197-205
Bracco R, Inda H, del Puerto L, Castiñera C, Sprechmann P, Garcia-Rodríguez F (2005) Relationships between Holocene sea-level variations, trophic development, and climatic change in Negra Lagoon, Southern Uruguay. J Paleolimnol 33:253-263
Campos H, Steffen W, Agüero G, Parra O, Zúñiga L (1989) Estudios limnologicos en el Lago Puyehue (Chile): Morfometria, factores fisicos y quimicos, plancton y productividad primaria. Medio Ambiente 10:36-53
Charlet F, De Batist M, Chapron E, Bertrand S, Pino M, Urrutia R (2007) Seismic stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): new views on its deglacial and Holocene evolution. J Paleolimnol doi:10.1007/s10933-007-9112-3 (this issue)
Cholnoky BJ (1968) Die Ökologie der Diatomeen in Binnengewassern. J. Cramer, Lehre, 699 pp
Clapperton CM (1993) Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, 800 pp
Clapperton CM, Hall M, Mothes P, Hole MJ, Still JW, Helmens KF, Kuhry P, Gemmel AMD (1997) A Younger Dryas icecap in the equatorial Andes. Quat Res 47:13-28
Clement AC, Seager R, Cane MA (2000) Suppression of El Niño during the Mid-Holocene by changes in the Earth's orbit. Paleoceanography 15:731-737
Cox EJ (1996) Identification of freshwater diatoms from live material. Chapman and Hall, London, 158 pp
Cuker BE, Gama PT, Burkholder JM (1990) Type of suspended clay influences lake productivity and phytoplankton community response to phosphorus loading. Limnol Oceanogr 35:830-839
Czernik T, Goslar T (2001) Preparation of graphite targets in the Gwilice radiocarbon laboratory for AMS 14C dating. Radiocarbon 43:283-291
De Batist M, Fagel N, Loutre MF, Chapron E (2007) A 17,900-year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): introduction. J Paleolimnol doi:10.1007/s10933-007-9113-2 (this issue)
Denton GH, Lowell TV, Heusser CJ, Schlüchter C, Andersen BG, Heusser LE, Moreno PI, Marchant DR (1999) Geomorphology, stratigraphy, and radiocarbon chronology of Llanquihue drift in the area of the Southern Lake District, Seno Reloncaví, and Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile. Geogr Ann A 81:167-229
Diaz MM, Pedrozo FL, Temporetti PF (1998) Phytoplankton of two Araucanian lakes of differing trophic status (Argentina). Hydrobiologia 369-370:45-57
Douglass DC, Singer BS, Kaplan MR, Ackert RP, Mickelson DM, Caffee MW (2005) Evidence of early Holocene glacial advances in southern South America from cosmogenic surface-exposure dating. Geology 33:237-240
Fogwill CJ, Kubik PW (2005) A glacial stage spanning the Antarctic Cold Reversal in Torres del Paine (51°S), Chile, based on preliminary cosmogenic exposure ages. Geogr Ann A 87:403-408
Frenguelli J (1942) Diatomeas del Neuquen (Patagonia). Rev Museo Plata Sección Bot 5:73-219
Gagan MK, Hendy EJ, Haberle SG, Hantoro WS (2004) Post-glacial evolution of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Quat Int 118-119:127-143
Gilli A, Ariztegui D, Anselmetti FS, McKenzie JA, Markgraf V, Hajdas I, McCulloch RD (2005) Mid-Holocene strengthening of the Southern Westerlies in South America - Sedimentological evidences from Lago Cardiel, Argentina (49°S). Global Planet Change 49:75-93
Grimm EC (1987) CONISS, a FORTRAN-77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Comput Geosci UK 13:13-15
Grimm EC (1991) Tilia version 2.0b4. Springfield, Illinois State Museum, Illinois
Grimm EG (2001) TGView version 1.1.1.1. Springfield, Illinois State Museum, Illinois
Haberle SG, Bennett KD (2004) Postglacial formation and dynamics of North Patagonian Rainforest in the Chonos Archipelago, Southern Chile. Quat Sci Rev 23:2433-2452
Haberzettl T, Fey M, Luecke A, Maidana N, Mayr C, Ohlendorf C, Schaebitz F, Schleser GH, Wille M, Zolitschka B (2005) Climatically induced lake level changes during the last two millennia as reflected in sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike, southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz, Argentina). J Paleolimnol 33:283-302
Hajdas I, Bonani G, Moreno PI, Ariztegui D (2003) Precise radiocarbon dating of Late-Glacial cooling in mid-latitude South America. Quat Res 59:70-78
Håkansson H (2002) A compilation and evaluation of species in the genera Stephanodiscus, Cyclostephanos and Cyclotella with a new genus in the family Stephanodiscaceae. Diatom Res 17:1-139
Haug GH, Hughen KA, Sigman DM, Peterson LC, Röhl U (2001) Southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone through the Holocene. Science 293:1304-1308
Heiri O, Lotter AF, Lemcke G (2001) Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproductibility and comparability of results. J Paleolimnol 25:101-110
Hendy CH, Sadler AJ, Denton GH, Hall BL (2000) Proglacial lake-ice conveyors: a new mechanism for deposition of drift in polar environments. Geogr Ann A 82:249-270
Heusser CJ, Denton GH, Hauser A, Andersen BG, Lowell TV (1995) Quaternary pollen records from the archipelago de Chiloe in the context of glaciation and climate. Rev Geol Chile 22:25-46
Hubbard AL (1997) Modelling climate, topography and palaeoglacier fluctuations in the Chilean Andes. Earth Surf Proc Land 22:79-92
Hulton NRJ, Purves RS, McCulloch RD, Sudgen DE, Bentley MJ (2002) The Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation in southern South America. Quat Sci Rev 21:233-241
Jenny B, Valero-Garcés BL, Villa-Martínez R, Urrutia R, Geyh M, Veit H (2002) Early to Mid-Holocene Aridity in Central Chile and the Southern Westerlies: The Laguna Aculeo Record (34°S). Quat Res 58:160-170
Jenny B, Wilhelm D, Valero-Garcés BL (2003) The Southern Westerlies in Central Chile: Holocene precipitation estimates based on a water balance model for Laguna Aculeo (33°50′S). Clim Dynam 20:269-280
Jorgetti T, Silva Dias PL, Braconnot P (2006) Review of: El Niño over South America during the mid-Holocene. Adv Geosci 6:279-282
Jouzel J, Masson V, Cattani O, Falourd S, Stievenard M, Stenni B, Longinelli A, Johnsen SJ, Steffensen JP, Petit J-R, Schwander J, Souchez R, Barkov NI (2001) A new 27 ky high resolution East Antarctic climate record. Geophys Res Lett 28:3199-3202
Keefer DK, Moseley ME, deFrance SD (2003) A 38000-year record of floods and debris flows in the Ilo region of southern Peru and its relation to El Niño events and great earthquakes. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 194:41-77
Kilham P, Kilham SS, Hecky RE (1986) Hypothesized resource relationships among African planktonic diatoms. Limnol Oceanogr 31:1169-1181
Knorr G, Lohman G (2003) Southern Ocean origin for the resumption of Atlantic thermohaline circulation during deglaciation. Nature 424:532-536
Kull C, Hanni F, Grosjean M, Veit H (2003) Evidence of an LGM cooling in NW-Argentina (22 degrees S) derived from a glacier climate model. Quat Int 108:3-11
Lamy F, Hebbeln D, Wefer G (1999) High-resolution marine record of climatic change in mid-latitude Chile during the last 28,000 years based on terrigenous sediment parameters. Quat Res 51:83-93
Lamy F, Hebbeln D, Röhl U, Wefer G (2001) Holocene rainfall variability in southern Chile: a marine record of latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies. Earth Planet Sci Lett 185:369-382
Lamy F, Kaiser J, Ninnemann U, Hebbeln D, Arz HW, Stoner J (2004) Antarctic timing of surface water changes off Chile and Patagonian Ice Sheet response. Science 304:1959-1962
Langohr R (1971) The volcanic ash soils of the Central valley of Central Chile I. Deposition and origin of the parent materials of the Trumao soils within the Itata River basin. Pédologie 11:259-293
Langohr R (1974) The volcanic ash soils of the Central valley of central Chile II. The parent materials of the Trumao and Nadi soils of the Lake District in relation with the geomorphology and quaternary geology. Pédologie 14:238-255
Laugénie C (1982) La région des lacs, Chili Méridional, recherches sur l'évolution géomorphologique d'un piémont glaciaire quaternaire andin. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bordeaux III, France, 822 pp
Lowell TV, Heusser CJ, Andersen BG, Moreno PI, Hauser A, Heusser LE, Schluchter C, Marchant DR, Denton GH (1995) Interhemispheric correlation of late Pleistocene glacial events. Science 269:1541-1549
McCulloch RD, Davies SJ (2001) Late-glacial and Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in the central Strait of Magellan, southern Patagonia. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 173:143-173
McCulloch RD, Bentley MJ, Purves RS, Hulton NRJ, Sudgen DE, Clapperton CM (2000) Climatic inferences from glacial and palaeoecological evidence at the last glacial termination, southern South America. J Quat Sci 15:409-417
Montecinos A, Aceituno P (2003) Seasonality of the ENSO-related rainfall variability in central Chile and associated circulation anomalies. J Climate 16:281-296
Montecinos A, Diaz A, Aceituno P (2000) Seasonal diagnostic and predictability of rainfall in subtropical South America based on tropical Pacific SST. J Climate 13:746-758
Moreno PI (2004) Millennial-scale climate variability in Northwest Patagonia over the last 15 000 yr. J Quat Sci 19:35-47
Moreno PI, Léon AL (2003) Abrupt vegetation changes during the last glacial to Holocene transition in mid-latitude South America. J Quat Sci 18:787-800
Moreno PI, Lowell TV, Jacobson GL, Denton GH (1999) Abrupt vegetation and climate changes during the last glacial maximum and last termination in the Chilean Lake District: a case study from Canal de la Puntilla (41°S). Geogr Ann A 81:285-311
Moreno PI, Jacobson GL, Lowell TV, Denton GM (2001) Interhemispheric climate links revealed by a late-glacial cooling episode in southern Chile. Nature 409:804-808
Moy CM, Seltzer GO, Rodbell DT, Anderson DM (2002) Variability of El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch. Nature 420:162-165
Patrick R, Reimer CW (1966) The diatoms of the United States, exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii, vol 1. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 688 pp
Renwick JA (1998) ENSO-related variability in the frequency of South Pacific Blocking. Mon Weather Rev 126:3117-3123
Renwick JA, Revell MJ (1999) Blocking over the South Pacific and Rossby Wave Propagation. Mon Weather Rev 127:2233-2247
Reynolds CS (1973) The seasonal periodicity of planktonic diatoms in a shallow eutrophic lake. Freshw Biol 3:89-110
Reynolds CS (1984) The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 384 pp
Reynolds CS (1997) Vegetation processes in the pelagic: a model for ecosystem theory. In: Kinne O (ed) Excellence in ecology 9. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, 371 pp
Ribbe J (2004) The southern supplier. Nature 427:23-24
Rodbell DT, Seltzer GO (2000) Rapid ice margin fluctuations during the Younger Dryas in the tropical Andes. Quat Res 54:328-338
Rodbell DT, Seltzer GO, Anderson DM, Abbott MB, Enfield DB, Newman JH (1999) An ∼15,000-year record of El Niño-driven alluviation in southwestern Ecuador. Science 283:516-520
Round FE, Bukhtiyarova L (1996) Four new genera based on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium) together with a re-definition of Achnanthidium. Diatom Res 11:345-361
Round FE, Crawford RM, Mann DG (1990) The diatoms: biology and morphology of the genera. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747 pp
Rühland KM, Smol JP, Pienitz R (2003) Ecology and spatial distributions of surface-sediment diatoms from 77 lakes in the subarctic Canadian treeline region. Can J Bot 81:57-73
Rumrich U, Lange-Bertalot H, Rumrich M (2000) Diatoms of the Andes, from Venezuela to Patagonia/Tierra del Fuego, and two additional contributions. ARG Gartner Verlag KG, Koningstein, 673 pp
Sandweiss DH, Richardson JB, Reitz EJ, Rollins HB, Maasch KA (1996) Geoarchaeological evidence from Peru for a 5000 years BP onset of El Niño. Science 273:1531-1533
Santisteban JI, Mediavilla R, López-Pamo E, Dabrio CJ, Blanca Ruiz Zapata M, José Gil Garcia M, Castaño S, Martínez-Alfaro PE (2004) Loss on ignition: a qualitative or quantitative method for organic matter and carbonate mineral content in sediments? J Paleolimnol 32:287-299
Sarmiento JL, Gruber N, Brzezinski MA, Dunne JP (2004) High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 427:56-60
Schick M (1980) Flora del parque nacional Puyehue. Universitaria, Santiago, 557 pp
Schmidt R, Kamenik C, Lange-Bertalot H, Klee R (2004) Fragilaria and Staurosira (Bacillariophyceae) from sediment surfaces of 40 lakes in the Austrian Alps in relation to environmental variables, and their potential for palaeoclimatology. J Limnol 63(2):171-189
Shulmeister J, Goodwin I, Renwick J, Harle K, Armand L, McGlone MS, Cook E, Dodson J, Hesse PP, Mayewski P, Curran M (2004) The Southern Hemisphere westerlies in the Australasian sector over the last glacial cycle: a synthesis. Quat Int 118-119:23-53
Shulmeister J, Rodbell DT, Gagan MK, Seltzer GO (2006) Inter-hemispheric linkages in climate change: paleo-perspectives for future climate change. Clim Past Discuss 2:79-122
Singer C, Shulmeister J, McLea B (1998) Evidence against a significant Younger Dryas cooling event in New Zealand. Science 281:812-814
Smith JA, Hodgson DA, Bentley MJ, Verleyen E, Leng MJ, Roberts SJ (2006) Limnology of two Antarctic epishelf lakes and their potential to record periods of ice shelf loss. J Paleolimnol 35:373-394
Smol JP, Birks HJB, Last WM (eds) (2001) Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, vol 3: terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 371 pp
Stuiver M, Grootes PM, Braziunas TF (1995) The GISP2 δ 18O climate record of the past 16,500 years and the role of the sun, ocean, and volcanoes. Quat Res 44:341-354
Sugden DE, Bentley MJ, Fogwill CJ, Hulton NRJ, McCulloch RD, Purves RS (2005) Late-glacial glacier events in southernmost South America: a blend of 'northern' and 'southern' hemispheric climatic signals? Geogr Ann A 87A:273-288
ter Braak CJF, Prentice IC (1988) A theory of gradient analysis. Adv Ecol Res 18:271-317
ter Braak CJF, Šmilauer P (1997-2002) CANOCO for Windows 4.5. Biometris - Plant Research International, Wageningen
Thomasson K (1963) Araucanian Lakes, plankton studies in North Patagonia with notes on terrestrial vegetation. Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri A.B., Uppsala, 139 pp
Thompson LG, Davis ME, Mosley-Thompson E, Sowers TA, Henderson KA, Zagorodnov VS, Lin PN, Mikhalenko VN, Campen RL, Bolzan JF, Cole-Dai J, Francou B (1998) A 25,000-year tropical climate history from Bolivian ice cores. Science 282:1858-1864
Turney CSM, Kershaw AP, Clemens SC, Branch N, Moss PT, Fifield LK (2004) Millennial and orbital variations of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and high-latitude climate in the last glacial period. Nature 428:306-310
Vargas L, Roche E, Gerrienne P, Hooghiemstra H (2007) A pollen-based record of Lateglacial-Holocene climatic variability in the southern lake district, Chile. J Paleolimnol doi:10.1007/s10933-007-9115-0 (this issue)
White WB, Chen SC, Allan RJ, Stone RC (2002) Positive feedbacks between the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and the global El Nino-Southern Oscillation Wave. J Geophys Res - Oceans 107:1-17
Williams PW, King DNT, Zhao J-X, Collerson KD (2005) Late Pleistocene to Holocene composite speleothem 18O and 13C chronologies from South Island, New Zealand - did a global Younger Dryas really exist? Earth Planet Sci Lett 230:301-317
