Article (Scientific journals)
Boundary lines in symbiosis forms
Parmentier, Eric; Michel, Loïc
2013In Symbiosis
Peer reviewed
 

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Keywords :
symbiosis; commensalism; parasitism; mutualism; predation; inquilinism; mutualisme; symbiose; commensalisme; parasitisme
Abstract :
[en] Symbiosis can take different forms (parasitism, mutualism, commensalism, etc.) but boundaries between different types of symbiotic interactions are not well defined. The kinds of symbiotic associations between organisms cannot however be restricted to isolated and distinct categories. These associations are part of a broad continuum in which it is difficult to know where one type of association ends and another begins. Moreover, different scientists use the same term to mean different things or different terms tomean the same thing. This can obscure what is biologically important and what is not. This communication proposes a new classification scheme, which simply and comprehensively illustrates relationships between the various kinds of associations. The scheme illustrates relationships clearly and highlights the continuum between types of associations. It further indicates where modifications to the scheme are possible over time. The classification of the association between two organisms can be reduced to two factors: 1) the impact incurred by the host (benefit or damage) and 2) the relative duration of the association (RDA), i.e. the ratio of the duration of the association to the life expectancy of the symbiont. The conceptual figure provides concrete examples and illustrates some relationships that can change during different life stages. This figure should help teachers and students in the understanding of symbiosis, and could be a starting point for future discussions in the continuously developing research fields studying ecological and evolutionary implications of symbiotic relationships.
Research Center/Unit :
AFFISH-RC - Applied and Fundamental FISH Research Center - ULiège
Disciplines :
Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Parmentier, Eric  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Morphologie fonctionnelle et évolutive
Michel, Loïc  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Systématique et diversité animale
Language :
English
Title :
Boundary lines in symbiosis forms
Alternative titles :
[fr] Frontières des termes utilisés dans la caractérisation des différentes formes de symbiose
Publication date :
April 2013
Journal title :
Symbiosis
ISSN :
0334-5114
eISSN :
1878-7665
Publisher :
Springer, Germany
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Funders :
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
Commentary :
There is a mistake in the MS: loxosoma does not belong to Bryozoa but to Entoprocta
Available on ORBi :
since 19 April 2013

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