Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of alcohol dependence

Tambour, Sophie; Quertemont, Etienne

doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00459.x

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Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of alcohol dependence

Tambour, Sophie; Quertemont, Etienne

2007 • In Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 21 (1), p. 9-28

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10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00459.x

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Keywords :

alcohol; dependence; pharmacotherapy; relapse prevention; treatment

Abstract :

[en] In recent years, advances in neuroscience led to the development of new medications to treat alcohol dependence and especially to prevent alcohol relapse after detoxification. Whereas the earliest medications against alcohol dependence were fortuitously discovered, recently developed drugs are increasingly based on alcohol's neurobiological mechanisms of action. This review discusses the most recent developments in alcohol pharmacotherapy and emphasizes the neurobiological basis of anti-alcohol medications. There are currently three approved drugs for the treatment of alcohol dependence with quite different mechanisms of action. Disulfiram is an inhibitor of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase and acts as an alcohol-deterrent drug. Naltrexone, an opiate antagonist, reduces alcohol craving and relapse in heavy drinking, probably via a modulation of the mesolimbic dopamine activity. Finally, acamprosate helps maintaining alcohol abstinence, probably through a normalization of the chronic alcohol-induced hyperglutamatergic state. In addition to these approved medications, many other drugs have been suggested for preventing alcohol consumption on the basis of preclinical studies. Some of these drugs remain promising, whereas others have produced disappointing results in preliminary clinical studies. These new drugs in the field of alcohol pharmacotherapy are also discussed, together with their mechanisms of action.

Research Center/Unit :

Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives et Comportementales - ULiège

Disciplines :

Neurosciences & behavior
Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology
Psychiatry

Author, co-author :

Tambour, Sophie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Neuroscience comportementale et psychopharmacologie expér.

Quertemont, Etienne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychologie quantitative

Language :

English

Title :

Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of alcohol dependence

Publication date :

2007

Journal title :

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology

ISSN :

0767-3981

eISSN :

1472-8206

Publisher :

Blackwell Science, Oxford, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

9-28

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Funders :

F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique

Available on ORBi :

since 28 November 2008

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