Efficacité des méthodes de lutte contre le développement de cinq espèces de plantes invasives amphibies : Crassula helmsii , Hydrocotyle ranunculoides , Ludwigia grandiflora , Ludwigia peploides et Myriophyllum aquaticum (synthèse bibliographique)
Delbart, Emmanuel; Mahy, Grégory; Monty, Arnaud
2013 • In Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement, 17 (1), p. 88-103
Plante aquatique; espèce envahissante; traitement chimique; gestion; désherbage; arrachage; espèce introduite
Abstract :
[fr] Parmi les espèces invasives connaissant une expansion rapide en Europe, les plantes dites « amphibies » sont particulièrement problématiques. Elles sont capables de former des populations très denses à la surface des plans d’eau, se développant à la fois sous l’eau et hors de l’eau. La lutte contre ces espèces, en vue de l’éradication totale ou du ralentissement de l’invasion, représente un défi de taille pour les gestionnaires. Une synthèse bibliographique des méthodes de lutte existantes pour Crassula helmsii, Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora, L. peploides et Myriophyllum aquaticum a été réalisée, prenant en considération leur efficacité et leur coût. Des 88 études analysées, il ressort une grande disparité d’effort de recherche (nombre d’études, échelles spatiales des études) entre méthodes de lutte et entre espèces. Néanmoins, l’efficacité des différentes méthodes de lutte est comparable pour les cinq espèces étudiées. Globalement, les cas d’éradication sont rares. Ils sont le résultat de luttes mécaniques ou chimiques, souvent couplées à des interventions complémentaires telles que la finition manuelle. Malgré une forte occurrence dans la littérature, la lutte chimique, moins fastidieuse à mettre en place et moins coûteuse que les autres méthodes, n’a montré des niveaux d’efficacité satisfaisants qu’avec certaines matières actives. De même, la lutte biologique a montré peu de résultats encourageants à ce jour. Il est à noter que certains agents de lutte biologique sont d’ores et déjà considérés comme des espèces invasives en Europe. A contrario, malgré leur faible occurrence dans la littérature, l’arrachage manuel ou mécanique suivi de finitions manuelles a donné des niveaux d’efficacité satisfaisants. Vu les difficultés de lutter contre les espèces invasives amphibies et les dommages collatéraux potentiels sur les écosystèmes, un débat impliquant scientifiques, autorités et gestionnaires de plans d’eau devra avoir lieu afin de poser les bases d’une gestion cohérente à grande échelle.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Delbart, Emmanuel
Mahy, Grégory ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Forêts, Nature et Paysage > Biodiversité et Paysage
Monty, Arnaud ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Forêts, Nature et Paysage > Biodiversité et Paysage
Language :
French
Title :
Efficacité des méthodes de lutte contre le développement de cinq espèces de plantes invasives amphibies : Crassula helmsii , Hydrocotyle ranunculoides , Ludwigia grandiflora , Ludwigia peploides et Myriophyllum aquaticum (synthèse bibliographique)
Alternative titles :
[en] Effectiveness of techniques used to control the development of five invasive amphibious plant species: Crassula helmsii , Hydrocotyle ranunculoides , Ludwigia grandiflora , Ludwigia peploides and Myriophyllum aquaticum . A review.
Publication date :
2013
Journal title :
Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement
ISSN :
1370-6233
eISSN :
1780-4507
Publisher :
Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium
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