ATMOS/ATLAS 3 infrared profile measurements of clouds in the tropical and subtropical upper troposphere

[en] Vertical profiles of infrared cirrus extinction have been derived from tropical and subtropical upper tropospheric solar occultation spectra. The measurements were recorded by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer during the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Sciences (ATLAS) 3 shuttle flight in November 1994. The presence of large numbers of small ice crystals is inferred from the appearance of broad extinction features in the 8-12 mu m region. These features were observed near the tropopause and at lower altitudes. Vertical profiles of the ice extinction (km(-1)) in microwindows at 831, 957, and 1204 cm(-1) have been retrieved from the spectra and analyzed with a model for randomly oriented spheroidal ice crystals. An area-equivalent spherical radius of 6 mu m is estimated from the smallest ice crystals observed in the 8-12 mu m region. Direct penetration of clouds into the lower stratosphere is inferred from observations of cloud extinction extending from the upper troposphere to 50 mbar (20 km altitude). Cloud extinction between 3 and 5 mu m shows very little wavelength dependence, at least for the cases observed by the ATMOS instrument in the tropics and subtropics during ATLAS 3. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

Disciplines :

Earth sciences & physical geography

Author, co-author :

Rinsland, C. P.

Gunson, M. R.

Wang, P.-H.

Arduini, R. F.

Baum, B. A.

Minnis, P.

Goldman, A.

Abrams, M. C.

Zander, Rodolphe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Services généraux (Faculté des sciences) > Relations académiques et scientifiques (Sciences)

Mahieu, Emmanuel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Groupe infra-rouge de phys. atmosph. et solaire (GIRPAS)

More authors (4 more)

Language :

English

Title :

ATMOS/ATLAS 3 infrared profile measurements of clouds in the tropical and subtropical upper troposphere

Publication date :

1998

Journal title :

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

ISSN :

0022-4073

Publisher :

Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science, Oxford, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

903-919

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Additional URL :

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TVR-3W5SNJ1-K&_user=10&_coverDate=11%2F30%2F1998&_rdoc=17&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%235541%231998%23999399994%2383709%23FLT%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=5541&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=17&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0f0d148a5070f177c0fa0aca9bbca4f6

Available on ORBi :

since 15 June 2009

Statistics

Number of views

70 (1 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

1 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

1. Prabhakara, C., Kratz, D. P., Yoo, J.-M., Dalu, G. and Vernekar, A., Optically thin cirrus clouds: radiative impact on the warm pool. JQSRT, 1993, 49, 467-483.
2. Wang, P.-H., McCormick, M. P., Poole, L. R., Chu, W. P., Yue, G. K., Kent, G. S. and Skeens, K. M., Tropical high cloud characteristics derived from SAGE II extinction measurements. Atmos. Res., 1994, 34, 53-83.
3. Wylie, D. P., Menzel, W. P., Woolf, H. M. and Strabala, K. I., Four years of global cirrus cloud statistics using HIRS. J. Clim., 1994, 7, 1972-1986.
4. Wang, P.-H, Minnis, P., McCormick, M. P., Kent, G. S. and Skeens, K. M., A six year climatology of cloud occurrence frequency from stratospheric aerosols and gas experiment II observations (1985-1990). J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, 29407-29429.
5. Jensen, E. J., Toon, O. B., Selkirk, H. B., Spinhirne, J. D. and Schoeberl, M. R., On the formation and persistence of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause. J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101, 21361-21375.
6. Gage, K. S., McAfee, J. R., Carter, D. A., Ecklund, W. L., Riddle, A. C., Reid, G. C. and Balsley, B. B., Long-term mean vertical motion over the tropical pacific: wind-profiling Doppler radar measurements. Science, 1991, 254, 1771-1772.
7. Jensen, E. J., Toon, O. B., Pfister, L. and Serkirk, H. B., Dehydration of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1996, 23, 825-828.
8. Borrmann, S., Solomon, S., Dye, J. E. and Luo, B., The potential of cirrus clouds for heterogeneous chlorine activation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1996, 23, 2133-2136.
9. Solomon, S., Borrmann, S., Garcia, R. R., Portmann, R., Thomason, L., Poole, L. R., Winker, D. and McCormick, M. P., Heterogeneous chlorine chemistry in the tropopause region. J. Geophys. Res., 1997, 102, 21411-21429.
10. Heymsfield, A. J., Ice particles observed in a cirriform cloud at -83°C and implications for polar stratospheric clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 1986, 43, 851-855.
11. Heymsfield, A. J. and McFarquhar, G. M., High albedos of cirrus in the tropical pacific warm pool: Microphysical interpretations from CEPEX and from Kwajalein, Marshall Islands. J. Atmos. Sci., 1996, 53, 2424-2451.
12. Knolenberg, R. G., Kelly, K. and Wilson, J. C., Measurements of high number densities of ice crystals in the tops of tropical cumulonimbus. J. Geophys. Res., 1993, 98, 8639-8664.
13. Knollenberg, R. G., Dascher, A. G. and Huffman, D., Measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal populations in tropical stratospheric cumulonimbus anvils. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1982, 9, 613-616.
14. McFarquhar, G. M. and Heymsfield, A. J., Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the central equatorial pacific experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 1996, 53, 2401-2423.
15. Baran, A. J., Brown, S. J., Foot, J. S. and Mitchell, D. L., Retrieval of tropical cirrus thermal optical depth, crystal size and shape using a multiview instrument at 3.7 and 10.8 μm. J. Atmos. Sci., 1998, in press.
16. Ou, S. C., Liou, K. N., Gooch, W. M. and Takano, Y., Remote sensing of cirrus cloud parameters using advanced very-high-resolution radiometer 3.70 and 10.9 μm channels. Appl. Opt., 1993, 32, 2171-2180.
17. Takano, Y., Liou, K. N. and Minnis, P., The effects of small ice crystals on cirrus infrared radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 1992, 49, 1487-1493.
18. Hanel, R. A., Conrath, B. J., Kunde, V. G., Prabhakara, C., Revah, I., Salomonson, V. V. and Wolford, G., The nimbus 4 infrared spectroscopy experiment 1. Calibrated thermal emission spectra. J. Geophys. Res., 1972, 77, 2629-2641.
19. Rinsland, C. P., Gunson, M. R., Wang, P.-H., Arduini, R. F., Baum, B. A., Minnis, P., Goldman, A., Abrams, M. C., Zander, R., Mahieu, E., Salawitch, R. J., Michelsen, H. A., Irion, F. W. and Newchurch, M. J., ATMOS/ATLAS 3 infrared profile measurements of trace gases in the November 1994 tropical and subtropical upper troposphere. JQSRT, 1998, this issue.
20. Farmer, C. B., High resolution infrared spectroscopy of the sun and earth's atmosphere from space. Mikrochim. Acta [Wien], 1987, III, 189-214.
21. Farmer, C. B., Raper, O. F. and O'Callaghan, F. G., Final report on the first flight of the ATMOS instrument during the Spacelab 3 mission, April 29 through May 6, 1985, JPL Publ. 87-32, 45pp., Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1 October 1987.
22. Kaye, J. A. and Miller, T. L., The ATLAS series of shuttle missions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1996, 23, 2285-2288.
23. Gunson, M. R., Abbas, M. M., Abrams, M. C., Allen, M., Brown, L. R., Brown, T. L., Chang, A. J., Goldman, A., Irion, F. W., Lowes, L. L., Mahieu, E., Manney, G. L., Michelsen, H. A., Newchurch, M. J., Rinsland, C. P., Salawitch, R. J., Stiller, G. P., Toon, G. C., Yung, Y. L. and Zander, R. The atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment: Deployment on the ATLAS space shuttle missions. 1996. Geophys. Res. Lett. 23, 2333-2336.
24. Norton, R. H. and Rinsland, C. P., ATMOS data processing and science analysis methods. Appl. Opt., 1991, 30, 389-400.
25. Abrams, M. C., Chang, A. Y., Gunson, M. R., Abbas, M. M., Goldman, A., Irion, F. W., Michelsen, H. A., Newchurch, M. J., Rinsland, C. P., Stiller, G. P. and Zander, R., On the assessment and uncertainty of atmospheric trace gas burden measurements with high resolution infrared solar occultation spectra from space by the ATMOS experiment. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1996, 23, 2337-2340.
26. Smith, W. I., Ma, X. L., Ackerman, S. A., Rivercomb, H. E. and Knuteson, R. O., Remote sensing cloud properties from high spectral resolution infrared observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 1993, 50, 1708-1720.
27. Ackerman, S. A., Smith, W. L., Spinhirne, J. D. and Rivercomb, H. E., The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: spectral properties of cirrus clouds in the 8-12 μm window. Mon. Weath. Rev., 1990, 118, 2377-2388.
28. Ackerman, S. A., Smith, W. L., Collard, A. D., Ma, X. L., Rivercomb, H. E. and Knuteson, R. O., Cirrus cloud properties derived from high spectral resolution infrared spectrometry during FIRE II. Part II: aircraft HIS results. J. Atmos. Sci., 1995, 52, 4246-4263.
29. Strabala, K. I., Ackerman, S. A. and Menzel, W. P., Cloud properties inferred from 8-12 μm data. J. Appl. Meteorol., 1994, 33, 212-229.
30. Prabhakara, C., Yoo, J.-M., Dalu, C. and Fraser, R. S., Deep optically thin cirrus clouds in the polar regions. Part I: infrared extinction characteristics. J. Appl. Meteorol., 1990, 29, 1313-1329.
31. Rinsland, C. P., Yue, G. K., Gunson, M. R., Zander, R. and Abrams, M. C., Mid-infrared extinction by sulfate aerosols from the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. JQSRT, 1994, 52, 241-252.
32. Toon, O. B. and Tolbert, M. A., Spectroscopic evidence against nitric acid trihydrate in polar stratospheric clouds. Nature, 1995, 375, 218-221.
33. Kinne, S., Toon, O. B., Toon, G. C., Farmer, C. B., Browell, E. V. and McCormick, M. P., Measurements of size and composition of particles in polar stratospheric clouds from infrared solar absorption spectra. J. Geophys. Res., 1989, 94, 16481-16491.
34. Fahey, D. W., Kelly, K. K., Ferry, G. V., Poole, L. P., Wilson, J. C., Murphy, D. M., Loewenstein, M. and Chan, K. R., In situ measurements of total reactive nitrogen, total water, and aerosol in polar stratospheric clouds in the antarctic. J. Geophys. Res., 1989, 94, 11299-11315.
35. Abrams, M. C., Toon, G. C. and Schindler, R. A., Practical example of the correction of Fourier-transform spectra for detector nonlinearity. Appl. Opt., 1994, 33, 6307-6314.
36. Schaaf, J. W. and Williams, D., Optical constants of ice in the infrared. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 1973, 63, 726-732.
37. Bertie, J. E., Labbé, H. J. and Whalley, E., Absorptivity of ice in the range 4000-30 cm-1. J. Chem. Phys., 1969, 50, 4501-4520.
38. Warren, S. G., Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave. Appl. Opt., 1984, 23, 1206-1225.
39. Toon, O. B., Tolbert, M. A., Koehler, B. G., Middlebrook, A. M. and Jordan, J., Infrared optical constants of H2O ice, amorphous nitric acid solutions, and nitric acid hydrates. J. Geophys. Res., 1994, 99, 25631-25654.
40. Clapp, M. L., Miller, R. E. and Worsnop, D. R., Frequency-dependent optical constants of water ice obtained directly from aerosol extinction spectra. J. Phys. Chem., 1995, 99, 6317-6326.
41. Brown, L. R., Gunson, M. R., Toth, R. A., Irion, F. W., Rinsland, C. P. and Goldman, A., 1995 Atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) linelist. Appl. Opt., 1996, 35, 2828-2848.
42. Rothman, L. S., Rinsland, C. P., Goldman, A., Massie, S. T., Edwards, D. P., Flaud, J.-M., Perrin, A., Dana, V., Mandin, J.-Y., Schroeder, J., McCann, A., Gamache, R. R., Wattson, R. B., Yoshino, K., Chance, K., Jucks, K., Brown, L. R., Nemtchinov, V. and Varanasi, P., The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database and HAWKS (HITRAN atmospheric workstation): 1996 edition. JQSRT, 1998, this issue.
43. Asano, S. and Sato, M., Light scattering by randomly oriented spheroidal particles. Appl. Opt., 1980, 19, 962-974.
44. Goldman, A., Rinsland, C. P., Perrin, A. and Flaud, J.-M., HNO3 line parameters: 1996 HITRAN update and new results. JQSRT, 1998, this issue.
45. Gelman, M., National Meteorological Center, private communication, 1994.