Face Recognition Failures in Schizotypy

[en] INTRODUCTION: Studies suggest an important role of disturbances of self in schizophrenia and in schizotypy. Based on findings from a previous study (Bredart & Young, 2004), we developed a questionnaire assessing self-face recognition failures in everyday life (Self-Face Recognition Questionnaire; SFRQ) to investigate the relations between dimensions of schizotypy (cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, disorganised) and self-face recognition disturbances. METHODS: A sample of nonclinical participants (n = 170) completed the SFRQ and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. RESULTS: Factor analysis of SFRQ items revealed a clear three-factor structure consisting of: (1) self-face recognition difficulties, (2) unusual perception of own or other faces, and (3) other-face recognition difficulties. Correlational analyses between schizotypy dimensions and the SFRQ revealed that only the cognitive-perceptual and disorganised schizotypy dimensions correlated significantly with the SFRQ. By contrast, the interpersonal schizotypy dimension was not associated with the SFRQ. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide further support that positive (cognitive-perceptual) and negative (interpersonal) schizotypy represent discrete neurobehavioural dimensions. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Disciplines :

Theoretical & cognitive psychology

Author, co-author :

Laroi, Frank ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychopathologie cognitive

D'Argembeau, Arnaud ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychopathologie cognitive

Brédart, Serge ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychologie cognitive

Van der Linden, Martial ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cognitives > Psychopathologie cognitive

Language :

English

Title :

Face Recognition Failures in Schizotypy

Publication date :

2007

Journal title :

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

ISSN :

1354-6805

eISSN :

1464-0619

Publisher :

Taylor & Francis, United Kingdom

Volume :

Issue :

Pages :

554-71

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 27 November 2008

Statistics

Number of views

177 (12 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

33 (2 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

Arndt, S., Alliger, R. J., & Andreasen, N. C. (1991). The distinction of positive and negative symptoms: The failure of a two-dimensional model. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 317-322.
Barch, D. M., Mitropoulou, V., Harvey, P. D., New, A. S., Silverman, J. M., & Siever, L. J. (2004). Context-processing deficits in schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 556-568.
Bentall, R.P., Claridge, G. S., & Slade, P. D. (1989). The multidimensional nature of schizotypal traits: A factor analytic study with normal subjects. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 363-375.
Blakemore, S.-J., & Frith, C. (2003). Disorders of self-monitoring and the symptoms of schizophrenia. In T. Kircher & A. David (Eds.), The self in neuroscience and psychiatry (pp. 407-424). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Brébion, G., Amador, X., David, A., Malaspina, D., Sharif, Z., & Gorman, J. M. (2000). Positive symptomatology and source monitoring failure in schizophrenia: An analysis of symptom-specific effects. Psychiatry Research, 95, 119-131.
Brédart, S., & Devue, C. (2006). The accuracy of memory for personally known individuals' faces. Perception, 35, 101-106.
Brédart, S., & Young, A. W. (2004). Self-recognition in everyday life. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 9, 183-197.
Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1998). In the eye of the beholder: The science of face perception. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cuesta, M. J., Ugarte, M. D., Goicoa, T., Eraso, S., & Peralta, V. (2007). A taxometric analysis of schizophrenia symptoms. Psychiatry Research, 150, 245-253.
Cutting, J. (1990). The right hemisphere and psychiatric disorders. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cutting, J. C. (1994). Evidence for right hemisphere dysfunction in schizophrenia. In A. S. David & J. C. Cutting (Eds.), The neuropsychology of schizophrenia (pp. 231-242). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Danion, J.-M., Rizzo, L., & Bruant, A. (1999). Functional mechanisms underlying impaired recognition memory and conscious awareness in patients with schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 639-644.
Dinn, W. M., Harris, C. L., Aycicegi, A., Greene, P., & Andover, M. S. (2002). Positive and negative schizotypy in a student sample: Neurocognitive and clinical correlates. Schizophrenia Research, 56, 171-185.
Dumas, P., Bouafia, S., Gutknecht, C., Saoud, M., Dalery, J., & d'Amato, T. (2000). Validation de la version française du questionnaire de personnalité schizotypique en population étudiante saine. L'Encéphale, 26, 23-29.
Dumas, P., Rosenfeld, F., Saoud, M., Dalery, J., & d'Amato, T. (1999). Traduction et adaptation française du questionnaire de personnalité schizotypique de Raine (SPQ). L'Encéphale, 15, 315-322.
French, C. C. (2003). Fantastic memories: The relevance of research into eyewitness testimony and false memories for reports of anomalous experiences. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10, 153-174.
French, C. C., & Wilson, K. (2006). Incredible memories - How accurate are reports of anomalous events? European Journal of Parapsychology, 21, 166-181.
Gruzelier, J. H. (1991). Hemispheric imbalance: Syndromes of schizophrenia, premorbid personality, and neurodevelopmental influences. In S. Steinhauer, J. Gruzelier, & J. Zubin (Eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia: Vol. IV. Experimental psychopathology, neuropsychology and psychophysiology (pp. 599-650). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Gruzelier, J. H., Burgess, A., Stygall, J., Irving, G., & Raine, A. (1995). Patterns of cognitive asymmetry and syndromes of schizotypal personality. Psychiatry Research, 56, 71-79.
Johns, L., & van Os, J. (2001). The continuity of psychotic experiences in the general population. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 1125-1141.
Joseph, A. B. (1986). Focal central nervous system abnormalities in patients with misidentification syndromes. Bibliotheca Psychiatrica, 164, 68-79.
Joseph, A. B. (1994). Observations on the epidemiology of the delusional misidentification syndromes in the Boston metropolitan area: April 1983-June 1984. Psychopathology, 27, 150-153.
Keenan, J. P., Wheeler, M. A., Gallup, G. G., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Self-recognition and the right prefrontal cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 338-344.
Kircher, T., & David, A. (2003). The self in neuroscience and psychiatry. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Kircher, T. T. J., Senior, C., Phillips, M. L., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Benson, P. J., Bullmore, E. T., et al. (2001). Recognizing one's own face. Cognition, 78, B1-B15.
Kirov, G., Jones, P., & Lewis, S. W. (1994). Prevalence of delusional misidentification syndromes. Psychopathology, 27, 148-149.
Krabbendam, L., Myin-Germeys, I., Bak, M., & van Os, J. (2005). Explaining transitions over the hypothesized psychosis continuum. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 180-186.
Krabbendam, L., Myin-Germeys, I., Hanssen, M., Bijl, R. V., de Graaf, R., Vollebergh, W., et al. (2004). Hallucinatory experiences and onset of psychotic disorder: Evidence that the risk is mediated by delusion formation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 110, 264-272.
Krabbendam, L., Myin-Germeys, I., Hanssen, M., de Graaf, R., Vollebergh, W., Bak, M., & van Os, J. (2005). Development of depressed mood predicts onset of psychotic disorder in individuals who report hallucinatory experiences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 113-125.
Krabbendam, L., & van Os, J. (2005). Affective processes in the onset and persistence of psychosis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 255, 185-189.
Larøi, F., van der Linden, M., & Aleman, A. (2007). Associations between dimensions of alexithymia and psychometric schizotypy in non-clinical participants. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Liddle, P. F. (1987). The symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: A re-examination of the positive-negative dichotomy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 145-151.
Loughland, C. M., & Williams, L. M. (1997). A cluster analytic study of schizotypal trait dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 877-883.
Mason, O., & Claridge, G. (2006). The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE): Further description and extended norms. Schizophrenia Research, 82, 203-211.
Merckelbach, H., & Giesbrecht, T. (2006). Subclinical dissociation, schizotypy, and traumatic distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 365-374.
Moritz, S., & Woodward, T. S. (2006). The contribution of metamemory deficits to schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 155, 15-25.
Møller, P., & Husby, R. (2000). The initial prodrome in schizophrenia: Searching for naturalistic core dimensions of experience and behaviour. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 26, 217-232.
Parnas, J. (2003). Self and schizophrenia: A phenomenological perspective. In T. Kircher & A. David (Eds.), The self in neuroscience and psychiatry (pp. 217-241). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Parnas, J., & Handest, P. (2003). Phenomenology of anomalous self-experience in early schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 44, 121-134.
Parnas, J., Handest, P., Sæbye, D., & Jansson, L. (2003). Anomalies of subjective experience in schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar illness. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 108, 126-133.
Parnas, J., Jansson, L., Sass, L. A., & Handest, P. (1998). Self-experience in the prodromal phases of schizophrenia: A pilot study of first admissions. Neurology, Psychiatry, Brain Research, 6, 97-106.
Phillips, M. L., & David, A. S. (1995). Facial processing in schizophrenia and delusional misidentification: Cognitive neuropsychiatric approaches. Schizophrenia Research, 17, 109-114.
Pickup, G. J. (2006). Theory of mind and its relation to schizotypy. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 11, 177-192.
Platek, S. M., & Gallup, G. G. (2002). Self-face recognition is affected by schizotypal personality traits. Schizophrenia Research, 57, 311-315.
Platek, S. M., Myers, T. E., Critton, S. R., & Gallup, G. G. (2003). A left-hand advantage for self-description and the effects of schizotypal personality traits. Schizophrenia Research, 65, 147-151.
Raine, A. (1991). The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, 555-564.
Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Lencz, T., Scerbo, A., Triphon, N., & Kim, D. (1994). Cognitive perceptual, interpersonal and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20, 191-202.
Sass, L. A., & Parnas, J. (2003). Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 29, 427-444.
Siever, L. J. (1995). Brain structure/function and the dopamine system in schizotypal personality disorder. In A. Raine, T. Lencz, & S. A. Mednick (Eds.), Schizotypal personality (pp. 272-286). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Siever, L. J., & Davies, K. L. (2004). The pathophysiology of schizophrenia disorders: Perspectives from the spectrum. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 398-413.
Thompson, P. A., & Meltzer, H. Y. (1993). Positive, negative, and disorganisation factors from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and the Present State Examination. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 344-351.
Waters, F. A. V., Badcock, J. C., Maybery, M. T., & Michie, P. T. (2003). Inhibition in schizophrenia: Association with auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Research, 62, 275-280.
Waters, F. A. V., Badcock, J. C., Michie, P. T., & Maybery, M. T. (2006). Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Intrusive thoughts and forgotten memories. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 11, 65-83.
Waters, F. A. V., Maybery, M. T., Badcock, J. C., & Michie, P. T. (2004). Context memory and binding in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 68, 119-125.
Young, A. W., Hay, D. C., & Ellis, A. W. (1985). The faces that launched a thousand ships: Everyday difficulties and errors in recognising people. British Journal of Psychology, 76, 495-523.