Molecular sex identification DNA degradation Non-invasive sampling Ancient DNA Ursidae
Abstract :
[en] Abstract In this paper, we characterise three sex-specific genes (ZFX/Y, SRY, AMLX/Y) for all eight extant bear species and propose a new, robust and accurate molecular procedure to identify the sex of bears from non-invasive samples and fossil remains. These materials contain tiny amounts of poorly preserved deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), leaving Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification very prone to contamination and difficult to analyse. By taking into account the ancient DNA requirements, the duplex procedures that we developed are efficient not only on DNA extracted from bear faeces but also on ancient DNA extracted from a brown bear fossil 7,500 years old. Defined specifically for ursids, the procedure for faecal samples (co-amplification of ZFX/Y and SRY markers) appears more accurate than other published procedures, as it prevents cross-amplification of potential ingested prey and contamination (19 non-ursid species tested). This system can be applied to threatened bear populations to improve the reliability of sex-ratio and population-size estimates based on non-invasive samples.
Disciplines :
Life sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Pagès, Marie ; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon
Maudet, Célia; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon
Bellemain, Eva; Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier
Taberlet, Pierre; Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Joseph Fourier
Hughes, Sandrine; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon
Hänni, Catherine; Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon
Language :
English
Title :
A system for sex determination from degraded DNA: a useful tool for palaeogenetics and conservation genetics of ursids
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