[en] Bariatric surgery becomes more and more important in the management of the obese patient with type 2 diabetes, especially in case of failure of medical approaches. Metabolic improvement results not only from weight loss and the subsequent reduction in insulin resistance, but also from modifications of digestive hormones (especially incretins) that contribute to promote insulin secretion. This new paradigm, moving from bariatric surgery to metabolic surgery, opens new perspectives. The present article briefly describes innovative surgical techniques focusing on endocrine and metabolic improvement rather than on weight loss, the preliminary results of metabolic surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes and a body mass index <35 kg/m2 and, finally, some data regarding the surgical management of obese patients with type I diabetes not well treated with classical medical means.
Chen L, Magliano DJ, Zimmet PZ. The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus-present and future perspectives. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012;8:228-36.
Scheen AJ. Obesity and diabetes. In : Kopelman PG, Ed. The management of obesity and related disorders, Martin Dunitz Ltd, London, UK, 2001;11-44.
Scheen AJ. Current management strategies for coexisting diabetes mellitus and obesity. Drugs 2003;63:1165-84. (Pubitemid 36750949)
Colquitt JL, Picot J, Loveman E, et al. Surgery for obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;CD003641.
Giusti V, Suter M. Nouvelles directives assécurologiques pour la prise en charge de la chirurgie bariatrique : conséquences pratiques. Rev Med Suisse 2011;7:700-4.
Reoch J, Mottillo S, Shimony A, et al. Safety of laparoscopic vs open bariatric surgery : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Surg 2011;146:1314-22.
Sjostrom L, Narbro K, Sjostrom CD, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med 2007;357:741-52. (Pubitemid 47295641)
Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, et al. Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2007;357:753-61. (Pubitemid 47295642)
* Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K, et al. Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery : Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 2009;122:248-56 e5.
Dixon JB, O'Brien PE, Playfair J, et al. Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes : A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299:316-23. (Pubitemid 351159368)
Schauer PR, Kashyap SR, Wolski K, et al. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1567-76.
Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, et al. Bariatric surgery versus conventional medical therapy for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1577-85.
Association AD. Executive summary : Standards of medical care in diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35 (Suppl. 1):S4-S10.
Fried M, Hainer V, Basdevant A, et al. Interdisciplinary European guidelines for surgery for severe (morbid) obesity. Obes Surg 2007;17:260-70. (Pubitemid 47091559)
** Dixon JB, Zimmet P, Alberti KG, et al. Bariatric surgery : An IDF statement for obese type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2011;28:628-42.
** Dixon JB, le Roux CW, Rubino F, et al. Bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2012;379:2300-11.
* Scheen AJ, De Flines J, De Roover A, et al. Bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes : Benefits, risks, indications and perspectives. Diabetes Metab 2009;35:537-43.
Giusti V. Chirurgie du diabète : provocation ou réalité ? Rev Med Suisse 2010;6:670-6.
Ahn SM, Pomp A, Rubino F. Metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010;1212:E37-45.
Scheen AJ, De Flines J, Rorive M, et al. La chirurgie métabolique, vers une (r)évolution de la chirurgie bariatrique ? Rev Med Liege 2011;66:183-90.
Stefater MA, Wilson-Perez HE, Chambers AP, et al. All bariatric surgeries are not created equal : Insights from mechanistic comparisons. Endocr Rev 2012; epub ahead of print.
Padwal R, Klarenbach S, Wiebe N, et al. Bariatric surgery : A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Obes Rev 2011;12:602-21.
Knop FK. Resolution of type 2 diabetes following gastric bypass surgery : Involvement of gut-derived glucagon and glucagonotropic signalling ? Diabetologia 2009;52:2270-6.
Jurowich C, Thalheimer A, Hartmann D, et al. Improvement of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) after bariatric surgery - Who fails in the early postoperative course ? Obes Surg 2012; epub ahead of print.
* Fried M, Ribaric G, Buchwald JN, et al. Metabolic surgery for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with BMI < 35 kg/m 2 : An integrative review of early studies. Obes Surg 2010;20:776-90.
Reis CE, Alvarez-Leite JI, Bressan J, et al. Role of bariatric-metabolic surgery in the treatment of obese type 2 diabetes with body mass index < 35 kg/m 2 : A literature review. Diabetes Technol Ther 2012;14:365-72.
Li Q, Chen L, Yang Z, et al. Metabolic effects of bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetic patients with body mass index < 35 kg/m 2. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:262-70.
Cohen RV, Pinheiro JC, Schiavon CA, et al. Effects of gastric bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes and only mild obesity. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1420-8.
Garcia-Caballero M, Valle M, Martinez-Moreno JM, et al. Resolution of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in normal weight 24-29 BMI patients with one anastomosis gastric bypass. Nutr Hosp 2012;27:623-31.
Cohen RV, Rubino F, Schiavon C, et al. Diabetes remission without weight loss after duodenal bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2011; epub ahead of print.
Shyangdan DS, Royle P, Clar C, et al. Glucagon-like peptide analogues for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; CD006423.
Shukla AP, Moreira M, Dakin G, et al. Medical versus surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes : The search for level 1 evidence. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2012; epub ahead of print.
Busetto L, Sbraccia P, Frittitta L, et al. The growing role of bariatric surgery in the management of type 2 diabetes : Evidences and open questions. Obes Surg 2011;21:1451-7.
Ryan DH. BMI Guidelines for bariatric surgery in diabetes : How low can we go ? Diabetes Care 2012;35:1399-400.
Czupryniak L, Strzelczyk J, Cypryk K, et al. Gastric bypass surgery in severely obese type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2561-2. (Pubitemid 39281423)
Czupryniak L, Wiszniewski M, Szymanski D, et al. Long-term results of gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese type 1 diabetes patients. Obes Surg 2010;20:506-8.
Hussain A, Mahmood H, El-Hasani S. Can Roux-en-Y gastric bypass provide a lifelong solution for diabetes mellitus ? Can J Surg 2009;52:E269-75.
Reyes Garcia R, Romero Munoz M, Galbis Verdu H. Bariatric surgery in type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Nutr 2012 ; epub ahead of print.
Deitel M. Slow-progression, autoimmune, type 1 diabetes in adults : A cause of failure of resolution of diabetes after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2009;5:705-6.
