[en] This assessment aimed to elaborate a statistical nationwide model for analyzing the space-time dynamics of bovine tuberculosis in search of potential risk factors that could be used to better target surveillance measures. A database comprising Mycobacterium bovis molecular profiles from all isolates obtained from Belgian outbreaks during the 1995-to-2006 period (n = 415) allowed the identification of a predominant spoligotype (SB0162). Various databases compiling 49 parameters to be tested were queried using a multiple stepwise logistic regression to assess bovine tuberculosis risk factors. Two isolate datasets were analyzed: the first included all Mycobacterium bovis isolates, while the second included only data related to the SB0162 type strain. When all Mycobacterium bovis isolates were included in the model, several risk factors were identified: history of bovine tuberculosis in the herd (P < 0.001), proximity of an outbreak (P < 0.001), cattle density (P < 0.001), and annual amplitude of mean middle-infrared temperature (P < 0.001). The approach restricted to the predominant SB0162 type strain additionally highlighted the proportion of movements from an infected area during the current year as a main risk factor (P = 0.009). This study identified several risk factors for bovine tuberculosis in cattle, highlighted the usefulness of molecular typing in the study of bovine tuberculosis epidemiology, and suggests a difference of behavior for the predominant type strain. It also emphasizes the role of animals' movements in the transmission of the disease and supports the importance of controlling trade movements.
Disciplines :
Veterinary medicine & animal health
Author, co-author :
Humblet, Marie-France ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Gilbert, M.
Govaerts, M.
Fauville-Dufaux, M.
Walravens, K.
Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Language :
English
Title :
New assessment of bovine tuberculosis risk factors in Belgium based on nationwide molecular epidemiology.
Publication date :
2010
Journal title :
Journal of Clinical Microbiology
ISSN :
0095-1137
eISSN :
1098-660X
Publisher :
American Society for Microbiology (ASM), Washington, United States - District of Columbia
Allix, C., K. Walravens, C. Saegerman, J. Godfroid, P. Supply, and M. Fauville-Dufaux. 2006. Evaluation of the epidemiological relevance of variable-number tandem-repeat genotyping of Mycobacterium bovis and comparison of the method with IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and spoligotyping. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:1951-1962.
Aranaz, A., E. Lichana, A. Mateos, L. Dominguez, D. K. Vidal, M. Domingo, O. Gonzolez, E. F. Rodriguez-Ferri, A. E. Bunschoten, J. D. Van Embden, and D. Cousins. 1996. Spacer oligonucleotide typing of Mycobacterium bovis strains from cattle and other animals: a tool for studying epidemiology of tuberculosis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2734-2740.
Artois, M., E. Loukiadis, B. Garin-Bastuji, M. F. Thorel, and J. Hars. 2004. Infection of wild mammals by Mycobacterium bovis - risk of transmission to domestic cattle. Epidemiol. Bull. Fr. Food Saf. Agency 13:1-3. (In French.)
Cheeseman, C. L., J. W. Wilesmith, F. A. Stuart, and P. J. Mallinson. 1988. Dynamics of tuberculosis in a naturally infected badger population. Mamm. Rev. 18:16-71.
Cosivi, O., J. M. Grange, C. J. Daborn, M. C. Raviglione, T. Fujikura, D. Cousins, R. A. Robinson, H. F. A. K. Huchzermeyer, I. de Kantor, and F. X. Meslin. 1998. Zoonotic tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in developing countries. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4:59-70.
Delahay, R. J., C. L. Cheeseman, and R. S. Clifton-Hadley. 2001. Wildlife disease reservoirs: the epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in the European badger (Meles meles) and other British mammals. Tuberculosis (Edinb.) 81:43-49.
Delahay, R. J., A. N. De Leeuw, A. M. Barlow, R. S. Clifton-Hadley, and C. L. Cheeseman. 2002. The status of Mycobacterium bovis infection in UK wild mammals: a review. Vet. J. 164:90-105.
Denny, G. O., and J. W. Wilesmith. 1999. Bovine tuberculosis in Northern Ireland: a case-control study of herd risk factors. Vet. Rec. 144:305-310.
Durr, P. A., R. S. Clifton-Hadley, and R. G. Hewinson. 2000. Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis. II. Applications of genotyping. Rev. Sci. Tech. 19:689-701.
European Food Safety Authority. 2006. The community summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents, antimicrobial resistance and foodborne outbreaks in the European Union in 2005. EFSA J. 94:136-143. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/DocumentSet/Zoonoses-Report-EU-en-2005.pdf.
European Food Safety Authority. 2006. Zoonoses country reports - 2006. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/EFSA/efsa-locale-1178620753816-1178676772406.htm.
Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain. 2008. Annual activity report - 2008, p. 130. http://www.favv-afsca.fgov.be/rapportsannuels/-documents/ 2009-07-07-RA08-fr.pdf.
Gannon, B. W., C. M. Hayes, and J. M. Roe. 2007. Survival rate of airborne Mycobacterium bovis. Res. Vet. Sci. 82:169-172.
Garcia Pelayo, M. C., S. Uplekar, A. Keniry, P. Mendoza Lopez, T. Garnier, J. Nunez Garcia, L. Boschiroli, X. Zhou, J. Parkhill, N. Smith, R. G. Hewinson, S. T. Cole, and S. V. Gordon. 2009. A comprehensive survey of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across Mycobacterium bovis strains and M. bovis BCG vaccine strains refines the genealogy and defines a minimal set of SNPs that separate virulent M. bovis strains and M. bovis BCG strains. Infect. Immun. 77:2230-2238.
Genov, I. 1965. The effect of certain physical and chemical agents on Mycobacterium avium. Vet. Med. Nanki Sof. 2:97-107.
Gilbert, M., A. Mitchell, D. Bourn, J. Mawdsley, R. Clifton-Hadley, and W. Wint. 2005. Cattle movements and bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain. Nature 435:491-496. (Pubitemid 40734245)
Gopal, R., A. Goodchild, G. Hewinson, R. De la Rua-Domenech, and R. Clifton-Hadley. 2006. Introduction of bovine tuberculosis to north-east England by bought-in cattle. Vet. Rec. 159:265-271.
Griffin, J. M., T. Hahesy, K. Lynch, M. D. Salman, J. McCarthy, and T. Hurley. 1993. The association of cattle husbandry characteristics, environmental factors and farmer characteristics with the occurrence of chronic bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in the Republic of Ireland. Prev. Vet. Med. 17:145-160.
Griffin, J. M., S. W. Martin, M. A. Thorburn, J. A. Eves, and R. F. Hammond. 1996. A case-control study on the association of selected risk factors with the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Ireland. Prev. Vet. Med. 27:75-87.
Hay, S. I., A. J. Tatem, A. J. Graham, S. J. Goetz, and D. J. Rogers. 2006. Global environmental data for mapping infectious disease distribution. Adv. Parasitol. 62:37-77.
Humblet, M. F., M. L. Boschiroli, and C. Saegerman. 2009. Classification of worldwide bovine tuberculosis risk factors in cattle: a stratified approach. Vet. Res. 40:50.
Jackson, R., G. W. De Lisle, and R. S. Morris. 1995. A study of the environmental survival of Mycobacterium bovis on a farm in New Zealand. N. Z. Vet. J. 43:346-352.
Kaneene, J. B., C. S. Bruning-Fann, L. M. Granger, R. Miller, and A. Porter-Spalding. 2002. Environmental and farm management factors associated with tuberculosis on cattle farms in northeastern Michigan. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 221:837-842.
Menzies, F. D., and S. D. Neill. 2000. Cattle-to-cattle transmission of bovine tuberculosis. Vet. J. 160:92-106.
Morris, R. S., D. U. Pfeiffer, and R. Jackson. 1994. The epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections. Vet. Microbiol. 40:153-177.
Munroe, F. A., I. R. Dohoo, W. B. McNab, and L. Spangler. 1999. Risk factors for the between-herd spread of Mycobacterium bovis in Canadian cattle and cervids between 1985 and 1994. Prev. Vet. Med. 41:119-133.
Parra, A., P. Fernández-Llario, A. Tato, J. Larrasa, A. García, J. M. Alonso, M. Hermoso de Mendoza, and J. Hermoso de Mendoza. 2003. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infections of pigs and wild boar using a molecular approach. Vet. Microbiol. 97:123-133.
Phillips, C. J. C., C. R. W. Foster, P. A. Morris, and R. Teverson. 2003. The transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 74:1-15.
Quigley, F. C., E. Costello, O. Flynn, A. Gogarty, J. McGuirk, A. Murphy, and J. Egan. 1997. Isolation of myco-bacteria from lymph node lesions in deer. Vet. Rec. 141:516-518.
R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. ISBN 3-90005-07-0. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/.
Rhodes, S. G., F. A. A. M. De Leij, and J. W. Dale. 2007. Protozoa as an environmental reservoir of bovine tuberculosis. Trends Microbiol. 15:338-339.
Roring, S., M. S. Hugues, R. A. Skuce, and S. D. Neill. 2000. Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis directly from bovine tissue specimens by spoligotyping. Vet. Microbiol. 74:227-236.
Serraino, A., G. Marchetti, V. Sanguinetti, M. C. Rossi, R. G. Zanoni, L. Catozzi, A. Bandera, W. Dini, W. Mignone, F. Franzetti, and A. Gori. 1999. Monitoring of transmission of tuberculosis between wild boars and cattle: genotypical analysis of strains by molecular epidemiology techniques. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:2766-2771.
Tanner, M., and A. L. Michel. 1999. Investigation of the viability of M. bovis under different environmental conditions in the Kruger National Park. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 66:185-190.
Thoen, C., P. LoBue, and I. de Kantor. 2006. The importance of Mycobacterium bovis as a zoonosis. Vet. Microbiol. 112:339-345.
Walravens, K., C. Allix, P. Supply, L. Rigouts, J. Godfroid, M. Govaerts, F. Portaels, J. Dufey, L. Vanholme, M. Fauville-Dufaux, and C. Saegerman. 2006. Ten years of bovine tuberculosis molecular epidemiology in Belgium. Epidemiol. Sante Anim. 49:103-111.
White, P. C. L., and J. K. A. Benhin. 2004. Factors influencing the incidence and scale of bovine tuberculosis in cattle in southwest England. Prev. Vet. Med. 63:1-7.
Williams, R. S., and W. A. Hoy. 1930. The viability of B. tuberculosis (bovinus) on pasture land, in stored faeces and in liquid manure. J. Hyg. 30:413-419.
Wint, G. R. W., T. P. Robinson, D. M. Bourn, P. A. Durr, S. I. Hay, S. E. Randolph, and D. J. Rogers. 2002. Mapping bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain using environmental data. Trends Microbiol. 10:441-444.
Woodroffe, R., C. A. Donnelly, D. R. Cox, P. Gilks, H. E. Jenkins, W. T. Johnston, A. M. Le Fevre, F. J. Bourne, C. L. Cheeseman, R. S. Clifton-Hadley, G. Gettinby, R. G. Hewinson, J. P. McInerney, A. P. Mitchell, W. I. Morrison, and G. H. Watkins. 2009. Bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers in localized culling areas. J. Wildl. Dis. 45:128-143.
Young, J. S., E. Gormley, and E. M. H. Wellington. 2005. Molecular detection of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG (Pasteur) in soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71:1946-1952.
Zanella, G., B. Durand, J. Hars, F. Moutou, B. Garin-Bastuji, A. Duvauchelle, M. Fermé, C. Karoui, and M. L. Boschiroli. 2008. Mycobacterium bovis in wildlife in France. J. Wildl. Dis. 44:99-108.
Zendejas-Martínez, H., A. Townsend Peterson, and F. Milián-Suazo. 2008. Coarse-scale spatial and ecological analysis of tuberculosis in cattle: an investigation in Jalisco, Mexico. Geospat. Health 3:29-38.