trunk muscles; low back pain; isometric strength test; device reliability
Abstract :
[en] The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-session, inter-tester and inter-site reproducibility of trunk muscle strength scores in flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. Ten healthy students were tested on four apparatus with a 7-10 day break between sessions. The first two sessions were identical while the other two differed either by the tester or by the site. Furthermore, 10 patients with chronic low back dysfunction (CLBD) were assessed with the four apparatus, once only. For all tests, CV ranged from 3.4% to 7.6% and from 3.9% to 8.1% in the inter-session and inter-tester studies, respectively (p > 0.05 except for inter-session reproducibility of trunk flexor strength). Peak torque (PT) was more variable from site to site with a CV ranging from 4.2% to 12.7%, particularly in extension and left lateral flexion (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in the strength ratios (flexion/extension, right/left lateral-flexion and right/left rotation) were found between sessions or testers (4.9% < CV < 9.7%). The inter-site reproducibility of ratios was lower. Comparison between the CLBD patients and the healthy subjects with regard to PT normalized to body weight indicated significantly decreased performance for the former except for flexion and rotation scores in males. We conclude that in the case of healthy subjects, inter-session and inter-tester trunk strength measurements derived from these devices are reproducible. The low inter-site reproducibility suggests that caution should be exercised when interpreting findings originating from different sites. The lower extension strength scores in CLBD patients test lends some validity to the system. However, further studies focusing on reproducibility and validity of this system in CLBD patients are critical before any conclusion regarding their clinical viability may be drawn.
Disciplines :
Orthopedics, rehabilitation & sports medicine Laboratory medicine & medical technology
Author, co-author :
Demoulin, Christophe ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie spécifique et réadaptation motrice
Grosdent, Stéphanie ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Centre de la Douleur
Debois, I.
Mahieu, Geneviève
Maquet, Didier ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Département des sciences de la motricité
Jidovtseff, Boris ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Entraînement
Croisier, Jean-Louis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie générale et réadaptation
Crielaard, Jean-Michel ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Evaluation et entraînement des aptitudes physiques
Vanderthommen, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie spécifique et réadaptation motrice
Language :
English
Title :
Inter-session, inter-tester and inter-site reproducibility of isometric trunk muscle strength measurements
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
G.B. Andersson, H.O. Svensson and A. Oden, The intensity of work recovery in low back pain, Spine 8 (1983), 880-884.
F. Biering-Sorensen, Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period, Spine 9 (1984), 106-119.
N.N. Byl and S.H. Sadowski, Inter-site reliability of repeated isokinetic measurements: Cybex back systems including trunk rotation, trunk extension flexion and lift task, Isokinetics and Exercise Science 3 (1993), 139-147.
D.M. Carpenter, J.E. Graves, M.L. Pollock, S.H. Leggett, D. Foster, B. Holmes and M.N. Fulton, Effect of 12 and 20 weeks of resistance training on lumbar extension torque production, Phys Ther 71 (1991), 580-588.
J.L. Croisier and J.M. Crielaard, Hamstring muscle tear with recurrent complaints: an isokinetic profile, Isokinetics Exerc Sci 8 (2000), 175-180.
G. Crombez, J.W. Vlaeyen, P.H. Heuts and R. Lysens, Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability, Pain 80 (1999), 329-339.
A. Delitto, S.J. Rose, C.E. Crandell and M.J. Strube, Reliability of isokinetic measurements of trunk muscle performance, Spine 16 (1991), 800-803.
P.L. DeMichele, M.L. Pollock, J.E. Graves, D.N. Foster, D. Carpenter, L. Garzarella, W. Brechue and M. Fulton, Isometric torso rotation strength: effect of training frequency on its development, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 78 (1997), 64-69.
C. Demoulin, J.-M. Crielaard and M. Vanderthommen, Exploration de la musculature rachidienne du sujet sain et lombalgique: Revue de la littérature, Joint Bone Spine (Submitted).
A. Denner, Muskuläre Profile der Wirbelsäule, Springler, 1997.
F.E. Deutsch FE, Isolated lumbar strengthening in the rehabilitation of chronic low back pain, J Manipulative Physiol Ther 19 (1996), 124-133.
J. Dillard, J. Trafimow, G.B. Andersson and K. Cronin, Motion of the lumbar spine. Reliability of two measurement techniques, Spine 16 (1991), 321-324.
Z. Dvir, How much is necessary to indicate a real improvement in muscle function? A review of modern methods of reproducibility analysis, Isokinetics Exerc Sci 11 (2003), 49-52.
B. Elfving, G. Nemeth, I. Arvidsson and M. Lamontagne, Reliability of EMG spectral parameters in repeated measurements of back muscle fatigue, J Electromyogr Kinesiol 9 (1999), 235-243.
B. Elfving, G. Nemeth and I. Arvidsson, Back muscle fatigue in healthy men and women studied by electromyography spectral parameters and subjective ratings, Scand J Rehabil Med 32 (2000), 117-123.
B. Elfving, A. Dedering and G. Nemeth, Lumbar muscle fatigue and recovery in patients with long-term low-back trouble - electromyography and health-related factors, Clin Biomech 18 (2003), 619-630.
J.W. Frank, A.S. Brooker, S.E. DeMaio, M.S. Kerr, A. Maetzel, H.S. Shannon, T.J. Sullivan, R.W. Norman and R.P. Wells, Disability resulting from occupational low back pain. Part II: What do we know about secondary prevention? A review of the scientific evidence on prevention after disability begins, Spine 21 (1996), 2918-2929.
N.P. Gleeson and T.H. Mercer, The utility of isokinetic dynamometry in the assessment of human muscle function, Sports Med 21 (1996), 18-34.
M.D. Grabiner, J.J. Jeziorowski and A.D. Divekar, Isokinetic measurements of trunk extension and flexion performance collected with the Biodex Clinical Data Station, J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 11 (1990), 590-598.
J.E. Graves, M.L. Pollock, D.M. Carpenter, S.H. Leggett, A. Jones, M. MacMillan and M. Fulton, Quantitative assessment of full range-of-motion isometric lumbar extension strength, Spine 15 (1990), 289-294.
J.E. Graves, M.L. Pollock, D. Foster, S.H. Leggett, D.M. Carpenter, R. Vuoso and A. Jones, Effect of training frequency and specificity on isometric lumbar extension strength, Spine 15 (1990), 504-509.
J.E. Graves, D.C. Webb, M.L. Pollock, J. Matkozich, S.H. Leggett, D.M. Carpenter, D.N. Foster and J. Cirulli, Pelvic stabilization during resistance training: its effect on the development of lumbar extension strength, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 75 (1994), 210-215.
M. Gross, Intra-machine and inter-machine reliability of the Biodex and Cybex II for knee flexion and extension peak torque and angular work, Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy (1991), 329-330.
M. Hillman, A. Wright, G. Rajaratnam, A. Tennant and M.A. Chamberlain, Prevalence of low back pain in the community: implications for service provision in Bradford, UK, J Epidemiol Community Health 50 (1993), 347-352.
E. Holmstrom, U. Moritz and M. Andersson, Trunk muscle strength and back muscle endurance in construction workers with and without low back disorders, Scand J Rehabil Med 24 (1992), 3-10.
G. Hultman, M. Nordin, H. Saraste and H. Ohlsen, Body composition, endurance, strength, cross-sectional area, and density of MM erector spinae in men with and without low back pain, J Spinal Disord 4 (1993), 114-123.
M. Hupli, P. Sainio, H. Hurri and H. Alaranta, Comparison of trunk strength measurements between two different isokinetic devices used at clinical settings, J Spinal Disord 10 (1997), 391-397.
A. Keller, J. Hellesnes and J.I. Brox, Reliability of the isokinetic trunk extensor test, Biering-Sorensen test, and Astrand bicycle test: assessment of intraclass correlation coefficient and critical difference in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy individuals, Spine 26 (2001), 771-777.
C. Leboeuf-Yde, N. Klougart and T. Lauritzen, How common is low back pain in the Nordic population? Data from a recent study on a middle-aged general Danish population and four surveys previously conducted in the Nordic countries, Spine 21 (1996), 1518-1526.
J.H. Lee, Y. Hoshino, K. Nakamura, Y. Kariya, K. Saita and K. Ito, Trunk muscle weakness as a risk factor for low back pain. A 5-year prospective study, Spine 24 (1999), 54-57.
O.R. Madsen, Trunk extensor and flexor strength measured by the Cybex 6000 dynamometer. Assessment of short-term and long-term reproducibility of several strength variables, Spine 21 (1996), 2770-2776.
A.F. Mannion, M. Muntener, S. Taimela and J. Dvorak, A randomized clinical trial of three active therapies for chronic low back pain, Spine 24 (1999), 2435-2448.
A.F. Mannion, S. Taimela, M. Muntener and J. Dvorak, Active therapy for chronic low back pain part 1. Effects on back muscle activation, fatigability, and strength, Spine 26 (2001), 897-908.
L. Matheson, V. Mooney, V. Caiozzo, G. Jarvis, J. Pottinger, C. DeBerry, K. Backlund, K. Klein and J. Antoni, Effect of instructions on isokinetic trunk strength testing variability, reliability, absolute value, and predictive validity, Spine 17 (1992), 914-921.
M. Newton, M. Thow, D. Somerville, I. Henderson and G. Waddell, Trunk strength testing with iso-machines. Part 2: Experimental evaluation of the Cybex II Back Testing System in normal subjects and patients with chronic low back pain, Spine 18 (1993), 812-824.
M. Newton and G. Waddell, Trunk strength testing with isomachines. Part 1: Review of a decade of scientific evidence, Spine 18 (1993), 801-811.
A.C. Papageorgiou, P.R. Croft, S. Ferry, M.I. Jayson and A.J. Silman, Estimating the prevalence of low back pain in the general population. Evidence fromthe South Manchester Back Pain Survey, Spine 20 (1995), 1889-1894.
M. Parnianpour, F. Li, M. Nordin and V.H. Frankel, Reproducibility of trunk isoinertial performances in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes, Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthop Inst (Fall) 49 (1989), 148-154.
M. Parnianpour, M. Nordin, N. Kahanovitz and V. Frankel, 1988 Volvo award in biomechanics. The triaxial coupling of torque generation of trunk muscles during isometric exertions and the effect of fatiguing isoinertial movements on the motor output and movement patterns, Spine 13 (1988), 982-992.
A. Peolsson, B. Oberg and R. Hedlund, Intra- and inter-tester reliability and reference values for isometric neck strength, Physiother Res Int 6 (2001), 15-26.
S.V. Risch, N.K. Norvell, M.L. Pollock, E.D. Risch, H. Langer, M. Fulton, J.E. Graves and S.H. Leggett, Lumbar strengthening in chronic low back pain patients. Physiologic and psychological benefits, Spine 18 (1993), 232-238.
U. Rytokoski, S.L. Karppi, P. Puukka, J. Soini and T. Ronnemaa, Measurement of low back mobility, isometric strength and isoinertial performance with isostation B-200 triaxial dynamometer: reproducibility of measurement and development of functional indices, J Spinal Disord 7 (1994), 54-61.
D.M. Spengler, S.J. Bigos, N.A. Martin, J. Zeh? L. Fisher and A. Nachemson, Back injuries in industry: a retrospective study. I. Overview and cost analysis, Spine 11 (1986), 241-245.
W.O. Spitzer, F.E. LeBlanc and M. Dupuis, Scientific approach to the assessment and management of activity related to spinal disorders. A Monograph for clinicians: Report of the Quebec Task Force on spinal disorders, Spine 12 (1987), s4-s55.
I.A. Stokes, D.M. Gookin, S. Reid and R.G. Hazard, Effects of axis placement on measurement of isokinetic flexion and extension torque in the lumbar spine, J Spinal Disord 3 (1990), 114-118.
S. Taimela and K. Harkapaa, Strength, mobility, their changes, and pain reduction in active functional restoration for chronic low back disorders, J Spinal Disord 9 (1996), 306-312.
R. Takemasa, H. Yamamoto and T. Tani, Trunk muscle strength in and effect of trunk muscle exercises for patients with chronic low back pain. The differences in patients with and without organic lumbar lesions, Spine 20 (1995), 2522-2530.
A. Thorstensson and J. Nilsson, Trunk muscle strength during constant velocity movements, Scand J Rehabil Med 14 (1982), 61-68.
J.T. Tucci, D.M. Carpenter, M.L. Pollock, J.E. Graves and S.H. Leggett, Effect of reduced frequency of training and detraining on lumbar extension strength, Spine 17 (1992), 1497-1501.
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.
